Emt chapter 9

______ pressure can be applied to occlude the esophagus to inhibit gastric distention and regurgitation of vomitus in the unconscious patient

Cricoid

Ventilation

Exchange of air between lungs and the environment

Oral airways should be measured from the tip of the nose to the earlobe

False

Hypoxia

Insufficient oxygen for cells and tissues

Air enters the body through the____

Mouth and nose

The proper technique for sizing an oropharyngeal airway before insertion is to measure the device from:

The corner of the mouth to the earlobe

Exhalation

Thorax size decreases

The normal respiratory rate for an adult is:

12-20 breaths/min

What percentage of the air we breathe is made up of oxygen?

21%

When a person goes ___ minutes without oxygen, brain damage is very likely.

6-10 minutes

A ventilation device attached to a control box that allows the variables of ventilation to be set. It frees the EMT to perform other tasks while the patient is being ventilated

ATV

Inhalation

Active part of breathing

What are the normal respiratory rates for adults, children, and infants?

Adults: 12-20 breaths/min. Children: 15-30 breaths/min. Infants 25-50 breaths/min.

Occasional, gasping breaths that occur after the heart has stopped are known as _____ respirations

Agonal

A safety system for large oxygen cylinders, designed to prevent the accidental attachment of a regulator to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas, is known as the _______ standard system

American

tidal volume

Amount of air moved during one breath

The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen is called ______ metabolism; the principle product is lactic acid

Anaerobic

Absence of spontaneous breathing

Apnea

______ respirations are irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern

Ataxic

Hypoxic drive

Backup system to control respiration

A method of ventilation used primary in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation

CPAP

The primary mechanism for triggering breathing is the level of ____ ____ in the blood

Carbon dioxide

The brain stem normally triggers breathing by increasing respirations when:

Carbon dioxide levels increase

Point at which the trachea divides into the left and right mainstream bronchi

Carina

_____ is a not a sign of hypoxia

Dehydration

During inhalation, the ___ & ___ ___ contract, causing the thorax to enlarge.

Diaphragm. Intercostal muscles

Compressed gas cylinders pose no unusual risk

False

Nasal airways keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway and facilitate suctioning of the oropharynx.

False

The pin-indexing system is used to ensure compatibility between pressure regulators and oxygen flow meters

False

How can you avoid gastric distention whole performing artificial ventilation?

Give slow, gentle breaths

The space in between the vocal cords that is the narrowest portion of the adult's airway

Glottis

_______ exchange is a term used to distinguish the degree of distress in a patient with a mild airway obstruction. The patient is still conscious and able to cough forcefully, although wheezing may be heard

Goodair

In exhalation, air pressure in the lungs is ______ than the pressure outside

Higher

Increased carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream

Hypercarbia

A dangerous condition in which the body tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen

Hypoxia

Insufficient oxygen in the cells and tissues is called ____

Hypoxia

When ventilating a patient with a bag-mask device, you should:

Look for rise and fall of the chest

What is the most common problem you may encounter when using a bag-mask device?

Maintaining an airtight seal

_______ ventilation is the volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute, minus the dead space, and is calculated by multiplying tidal volume(minus dead space) and respiratory rate

Minute

What is the preferred method of assisting ventilations?

Mouth-to-mask with one-way valve

Diaphragm

Moves down slightly when it contracts

What are again already gasps?

Occasional gasping breaths, unable to maintain life

The process of delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion from the alveoli following inhalation into the lungs

Oxygenation

The term used to describe the amount of gas in air or dissolved in fluid, such as blood, is ____ pressure

Partial

Mechanical maintenance of pressure in the airway at the end of expiration to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs

Peep

Continuous ____ airway ___ has proven to be immensely beneficial to patients experiencing respiratory distress from acute pulmonary edema or obstructive pulmonary disease.

Positive. Pressure

Intercostal muscles

Raises ribs when it contracts

5 signs of early hypoxia

Restlessness, tachy cardia, irratibility, anxiety, apprehension

Alveoli

Site of oxygen diffusion

Mediastinum

Space between the lungs

An opening through the skin and into an organ or other structure; one in the neck connects the trachea directly to the skin

Stoma

A liquid protein substance that costs the alveoli in the lungs, decreases alveolar surface tension, and keeps the alveoli expanded; a low level in a premature infant contributes to respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant

A life-threatening collection of air within the pleural space is called a(n) ____ pneumothorax

Tension

If your partner, while examining a patient, states that the patient's lungs are equal and bilateral, you would understand your partner to mean that:

There are clear and equaling sounds on both sides

Nasal cannula can deliver a maximum of 44% oxygen at 6 L/min

True

The amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs after breathing in as deeply as possible is known as the ______ capacity

Vital

Larynx

Voice box

What is not a sign of abnormal breathing?

Warm, dry skin

Suctioning the oral cavity of an adult should be accomplished within:

15 seconds

The air we breathe contains ___% oxygen and ___% nitrogen

21. 78.

Cheyne-Stokes

Irregular breathing pattern with increased rate and depth followed

You come upon an unresponsive patient who is not injured and is breathing on her own with a normal rate and a adequate tidal volume. What would be the advantage of placing her in the recovery position?

It helps to maintain a clear airway

Regarding the maintenance of the airway in an unconscious adult, what is FALSE?

The head tilt-chin lift maneuver should always be used to open the airway.