EMT Chapters 24-32 (Trauma)

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.

A. 20% Correct B. 15% C. 10% D. 5%

A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response?

A. 4 B. 2 C. 3 Correct D. 5

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below:

A. 95°F (35°C). Correct B. 98°F (37°C). C. 90°F (32°C). D. 88°F (31°C).

Which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion (shock)?

A. Brain B. Gastrointestinal system Correct C. Kidneys D. Skeletal muscle

What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities?

A. Central B. Sensory C. Autonomic D. Somatic Correct

What mechanism(s) does the body use to control bleeding?

A. Clotting B. Coagulation C. Vasoconstriction D. All of these answers are correct. Correct

Which of the following MOST accurately describes hyperthermia?

A. Heat evaporates a significant amount of body water. B. The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose. Correct C. The body eliminates more heat than it can generate. D. The core body temperature exceeds 99.5°F (37°C).

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

A. Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting. B. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously. Correct C. Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets. D. Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia.

Compression injury is most likely due to which of the following?

A. Improperly placed lab belt Correct B. Hollow-organ rupture C. Ejection of unrestrained driver D. Stabbing

Which of the following breathing patterns is MOST indicative of increased intracranial pressure?

A. Increased rate and depth with the distinct odor of acetone on the patient's breath B. Irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea Correct C. Slow, shallow, occasional gasps that progress to prolonged periods of apnea D. Increased rate with a normal inspiratory time and a prolonged expiratory time

Which of the following is true regarding injury to the kidneys?

A. Injury to the kidneys usually indicates injury to other organs. Correct B. Only minimal force is needed to damage the kidneys. C. Kidney injuries are rarely caused by blunt trauma. D. The kidneys are not well protected.

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct?

A. Most eviscerations occur to the left upper quadrant. B. The organs should be replaced carefully to avoid heat loss. C. Adherent material is preferred when covering an evisceration. D. The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist. Correct

When should you visually inspect the external genitalia on your patient?

A. Only when ordered by medical direction B. Anytime the patient agrees to treatment and transport C. Always during the secondary assessment D. Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury Correct

Which portion of the blood carries oxygen to and wastes away from body tissues?

A. Plasma B. White blood cells C. Red blood cells Correct D. Platelets

Which of the following is most likely to cause immediate death?

A. Pulmonary contusion B. Myocardial contusion C. Aortic rupture Correct D. Aortic dissection

Which section of the heart receives deoxygenated blood?

A. Right Correct B. Atria C. Ventricles D. Left

Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct?

A. Signs are often present immediately after an impact to the head. B. Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury. Correct C. Because cerebral edema develops quickly, it is considered to be a primary brain injury. D. It results from direct brain trauma following an impact to the head.

Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

A. Sling and swathe B. Vacuum splint C. Air splint Correct D. Cardboard splint

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured?

A. Stomach B. Bladder C. Liver Correct D. Intestine

Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation?

A. Syncope and bleeding at distal sites B. General weakness and diaphoresis C. Signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion D. Local swelling and ecchymosis Correct

Which of the following findings would be the MOST significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?

A. The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto). Correct B. The patient has not eaten in 24 hours. C. The patient has a history of hypertension. D. The patient had a stroke 5 years prior.

Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade?

A. Widening pulse pressure B. Diminished breath sounds C. A rapid, irregular pulse D. Engorged jugular veins Correct

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be:

A. a low blood pressure. B. a heart rate over 120 beats/min. C. diaphoresis and pale skin. D. weakness or dizziness. Correct

Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. a rapid, thready pulse. Correct B. decerebrate posturing. C. widening pulse pressure. D. CSF leakage from the ears.

A flail chest occurs when:

A. a segment of fractured ribs bulges during the inhalation phase. B. multiple ribs are fractured on both sides of the thoracic cage. C. more than three ribs are fractured on the same side of the chest. D. a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage. Correct

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

A. a tourniquet proximal to the injury. Correct B. additional sterile dressings. C. a splint and elevate the extremity. D. digital pressure to a proximal artery.

An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is:

A. acute unilateral paralysis following the injury. B. a progressively lowering blood pressure. C. a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs. Correct D. an acute increase in the patient's pulse rate.

Patients with chest injuries will often present with _______.

A. agonal respirations B. tachypnea Correct C. Kussmaul respirations D. Cheyne-Stokes respirations

The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by:

A. alcohol intoxication. B. an air embolism. C. cold-water immersion. D. possible spinal injury. Correct

If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ________.

A. apply direct pressure first B. use large or small gauze pads or dressings depending upon the size of the wound C. cover the entire wound, above and below, with the dressing D. All of these answers are correct. Correct

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

A. applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing. Correct B. covering the avulsion with moist, sterile dressings. C. requesting a paramedic to administer pain medication. D. administering 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

A 31-year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include:

A. applying ice to the wound and transporting quickly. B. transporting only with close, continuous monitoring. C. supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting. Correct D. elevating the lower extremities and giving antivenin.

A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (-1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should:

A. assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds. Correct B. apply an AED and assess his cardiac rhythm. C. open his airway and give two rescue breaths. D. apply chemical heat packs to his groin and axillae.

You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should:

A. assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible. Correct B. focus your initial treatment efforts on the patients who are conscious because the unresponsive patient is likely in irreversible cardiac arrest. C. immediately begin CPR on the unresponsive patient, but cease resuscitation efforts if there is no response after 5 minutes of treatment. D. recognize that the patients who are conscious are at high risk for developing cardiac arrest and quickly assess them for potentially life-threatening injuries.

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

A. assist the patient's ventilations. Correct B. apply a nonrebreathing mask. C. perform a secondary assessment. D. obtain baseline vital signs.

Your documentation on a sexual assault victim should _______.

A. be objective and factual Correct B. be subjective and summarize the crime C. describe the status of the suspect(s) D. include your opinion of the nature of the incident

You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:

A. begin ventilatory assistance. B. call for a paramedic ambulance. C. partially remove the dressing. Correct D. begin rapid transport at once.

Closed chest injuries are typically caused by _______.

A. blunt trauma Correct B. penetrating trauma C. high-velocity weapons D. flying debris

Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that:

A. bulky dressings should be securely applied over the tourniquet to further assist in controlling the bleeding. B. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released. Correct C. you should try to control the bleeding by applying pressure to a proximal arterial pressure point first. D. the tourniquet should be applied directly over a joint if possible because this provides better bleeding control.

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the:

A. cerebrum and meninges. B. brain and spinal cord. Correct C. cerebellum and brain. D. meninges and spinal cord.

The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:

A. cervical, coccygeal, thoracic, sacral, and lumbar. B. cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. Correct C. thoracic, cervical, lumbar, coccygeal, and sacral. D. coccygeal, sacral, lumbar, thoracic, and cervical.

Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by:

A. cold water temperature. B. too rapid of a descent. C. alcohol consumption. D. too rapid of an ascent. Correct

When a person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphragm:

A. contracts and flattens inferiorly. B. may rise as high as the nipple line. Correct C. is less prone to penetrating trauma. D. descends below the level of the navel.

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:

A. control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once. Correct B. arrange for a rape crisis center representative to speak with the patient. C. allow her to change her clothes and take a shower before you transport. D. visualize the vaginal area and pack the vagina with sterile dressings

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the:

A. costovertebral angle. B. diaphragm. Correct C. intercostal margin. D. anterior rib cage.

You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient's vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should:

A. cover his foot with chemical heat compresses. B. protect the affected part from further injury. Correct C. rewarm his foot in 102°F to 104°F (38.9°C to 40°C) water. D. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should:

A. determine if he has cardiac problems. B. prepare for immediate transport. Correct C. apply an AED and assess his BP. D. apply bulky dressings to the sternum.

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured:

A. diaphragm. Correct B. stomach. C. aorta. D. spleen

When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, EXCEPT:

A. dilation of the bronchiole smooth muscle. Incorrect B. pupillary constriction. C. increase in heart rate. D. shunting of blood to vital organs.

When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called:

A. evaporation. B. radiation. C. convection. D. conduction. Correct

An open pneumothorax occurs when:

A. extreme pleural pressure causes the lung to rupture. B. air enters the pleural space from a perforated lung. C. air enters the pleural space from outside the body. Correct D. a fractured rib perforates the tissue of the lung.

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess:

A. eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. Correct B. verbal response, eye opening, and mental status. C. mental status, eye opening, and respiratory rate. D. sensory response, pupil reaction, and heart rate.

Hyperextension injuries of the spine are MOST commonly the result of:

A. falls. B. hangings. Correct C. compression. D. diving.

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:

A. forgo the hospital radio report because of his condition. B. closely monitor him and reassess him frequently. Correct C. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment. D. begin documenting the call on the patient care form.

All of the following terms refer to a body part that is cold but not frozen, EXCEPT:

A. frostbite. Correct B. frostnip. C. immersion foot. D. trench foot.

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:

A. gallbladder. B. spleen. Correct C. pancreas. D. liver.

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

A. gastrointestinal bleeding. Correct B. an aortic aneurysm. C. acute appendicitis. D. intrathoracic hemorrhaging.

When a patient stiffens the muscles of the abdomen, it is known as _______.

A. guarding. Correct B. instability. C. distention. D. crepitus.

Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. hot, dry skin. Correct B. tachycardia. C. nausea. D. headache.

A man jumped from the roof of his house and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his heels, knees, and lower back. This mechanism of injury is an example of:

A. hyperflexion. B. axial loading. Correct C. hyperextension. D. distraction.

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______.

A. hypoperfusion B. perfusion Correct C. coagulation D. hemorrhage

Abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever are most likely due to _______.

A. hypovolemia B. infection Correct C. hemorrhage D. evisceration

While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:

A. immediately perform a rapid head-to-toe exam. B. administer oxygen and transport to the hospital. Correct C. recognize that he needs a needle decompression. D. circumferentially tape a dressing around his chest.

You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should:

A. insert an oropharyngeal airway. B. obtain a set of baseline vital signs. C. perform a focused secondary exam. D. immediately request ALS support. Correct

In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion:

A. involves physical injury to the brain tissue. Correct B. results from a laceration to the brain tissue. C. usually does not cause a loss of consciousness. D. does not cause pressure within the skull.

You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is:

A. irregular. B. rapid. C. weak. D. slow. Correct

A simple pneumothorax:

A. is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma. Correct B. often has a nontraumatic cause. C. is caused by penetrating chest trauma. D. heals on its own without any treatment.

Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless:

A. it causes a problem managing the airway. Correct B. the patient adamantly denies neck pain. C. sensory and motor functions remain intact. D. lateral immobilization has been applied.

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:

A. it will bleed profusely and rapidly cause shock. B. the abdomen will become instantly distended. C. peritonitis may not develop for several hours. Correct D. it commonly protrudes through the injury site.

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by:

A. keeping the patient warm. B. applying a tourniquet. C. applying chemical ice pack. D. splinting the extremity. Correct

In pediatric patients, the liver and spleen are _______.

A. less likely to bleed when injured B. larger in proportion to the abdomen Correct C. smaller in proportion to the abdomen D. more protected by the thorax compared to adults

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unresponsive, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced a:

A. massive hemothorax. B. laceration of the aorta. Correct C. tension pneumothorax. D. pericardial tamponade.

A man called EMS 12 hours after injuring his chest. Your assessment reveals a flail segment to the right side of the chest. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress and his oxygen saturation is 78%. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally and his jugular veins are normal. You should suspect:

A. massive hemothorax. B. pulmonary contusion. Correct C. traumatic asphyxia. D. tension pneumothorax.

You should suspect a kidney injury anytime the patient presents with _______.

A. nausea B. dyspnea C. abdominal distention D. a hematoma in the flank region Correct

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:

A. often causes hypotension secondary to cardiac compression. B. is recommended if the patient has severe abdominal discomfort. C. results in spontaneous urinary incontinence if the bladder is full. D. may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart. Correct

During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should:

A. pack his nostrils to stop the drainage of blood. B. suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds. Correct C. immobilize his spine and transport immediately. D. assist his ventilations with a BVM.

A spinal cord injury at the level of C7 would MOST likely result in:

A. paralysis of all the respiratory muscles. B. paralysis of the intercostal muscles. Correct C. paralysis of the diaphragm. D. immediate cardiac arrest.

You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he had been mowing the lawn in the heat for the past 3 hours. The patient is confused and has hot, moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. You should:

A. perform a head-to-toe assessment and look for signs of trauma. B. place him in a sitting position and have him drink 1 L of water. C. load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions. Correct D. administer one tube of oral glucose and reassess his mental status.

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:

A. placing a rolled 4² × 4² dressing between his lower lip and gum. B. having the patient pinch his own nostrils and then lie supine. C. pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward. Correct D. packing both nostrils with gauze pads until the bleeding stops.

In order to avoid exacerbating a patient's injury, it is especially important to use extreme caution when providing positive-pressure ventilation to patients with a

A. pneumothorax. Correct B. cardiac tamponade. C. flail chest. D. myocardial contusion.

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT

A. poor general appearance. B. clinical signs and symptoms. C. systolic blood pressure. Correct D. the mechanism of injury.

You respond to a local lake where a diver complains of difficulty breathing that occurred immediately after rapidly ascending from a depth of approximately 30 feet. On assessment, you note that he has cyanosis around his lips and has pink froth coming from his nose and mouth. You should:

A. position him supine with his head elevated 30°, suction his mouth and nose, hyperventilate him with a bag-valve mask, and contact medical control for further guidance. B. suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, monitor the patient's breath sounds for a pneumothorax, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility. Correct C. place him in a semi-sitting position, suction his mouth and nose, apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, and transport to the closest emergency department. D. suction his mouth and nose, keep him supine and elevate his legs to prevent air bubbles from entering his brain, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport to a hyperbaric chamber.

In contrast to Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever:

A. presents with flu-like symptoms and a bull's-eye rash. B. can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse. Correct C. causes painful joint swelling after a few days or weeks. D. may be confused with rheumatoid arthritis.

Immediately life-threatening chest injuries must be found and managed during the _______.

A. primary assessment Correct B. patient history C. secondary assessment D. scene size-up

The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called:

A. radiation. B. evaporation. Correct C. conduction. D. convection.

The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the:

A. renal system. B. cardiovascular system. C. respiratory system. D. nervous system. Correct

When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates:

A. rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head. Correct B. fractures to the internal structures of the ear following direct trauma. C. significant pressure and bleeding in between the skull and dura mater. D. a linear skull fracture and a significant increase in intracranial pressure.

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT the:

A. spleen. Correct B. bladder. C. stomach. D. ureters.

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:

A. suction his oropharynx to ensure it is clear of secretions and then increase the oxygen flow rate to 15 L/min. B. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment to determine why his clinical status has changed. C. reassess his vital signs and then notify the receiving hospital of the change in his clinical status. D. insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM. Correct

Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically:

A. superficial. Correct B. full-thickness. C. third-degree. D. partial-thickness

The ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is:

A. the clothes drag. B. the direct patient carry. C. the four-person log roll. Correct D. the use of a scoop stretcher.

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

A. the clotting ability of the blood is enhanced. B. at least 10% of the patient's blood volume is lost. C. the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss. Correct D. the patient's systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg

When immobilizing a trauma patient's spine, the EMT manually stabilizing the head should not let go until:

A. the head has been stabilized with lateral immobilization. B. the patient has been completely secured to the backboard. Correct C. an appropriately sized cervical collar has been applied. D. the patient has been secured to the ambulance stretcher.

A tight-fitting motorcycle helmet should be left in place unless:

A. the helmet is equipped with a full face shield or visor. B. the patient complains of severe neck or back pain. C. the patient must be placed onto a long backboard. D. it interferes with your assessment of the airway. Correct

Children are often "belly breathers" because _______.

A. their intercostal muscles are not developed Correct B. they are routinely hypoxic C. their diaphragm is not functional D. they are consciously controlling ventilations

The MOST prominent symptom of decompression sickness is:

A. tightness in the chest. B. dizziness and nausea. C. difficulty with vision. D. abdominal or joint pain. Correct

Injuries to the external male genitalia _______.

A. usually result in permanent damage B. are rarely life-threatening Correct C. frequently lead to hypovolemic shock D. are often life-threatening

Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine:

A. vital signs should be monitored frequently. B. prompt transport to the hospital is essential. Correct C. the abdomen must be vigorously palpated. D. the EMT must perform a thorough exam.

Drowning is MOST accurately defined as:

A. water in the lungs following submersion in water. B. death from suffocation after submersion in water. Correct C. temporary survival after submersion in water. D. death beyond 24 hours after submersion in water.

If a patient with a chest injury is only able to inhale small amounts of air per breath, he or she:

A. will maintain adequate minute volume if his or her respiratory rate stays the same. B. will eliminate more carbon dioxide than if he or she were breathing deeply. C. must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume. Correct D. often breathes at a slower rate because of lung damage caused by the injury.