EMT Trauma Exam

A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA. A) 18% B) 27% C) 36% D) 45%

A) 18%

A 38-year-old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. A coworker has shut off the power to the house. You should: A) begin CPR and apply the AED. B) begin CPR and transport at once. C) assess for entry and exit wounds. D) fully immobilize his spinal column.

A) begin CPR and apply the AED.

A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should: Choose one answer. A. aggressively manage his airway. B. request a paramedic ambulance. C. suspect a severe hemopneumothorax. D. perform a secondary assessment.

A. aggressively manage his airway.

When worn properly, a seatbelt should lie: A. below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints. B. across the abdominal wall at the level of the diaphragm and below the hip joints. C. above the anterior posterior iliac spines of the pelvis and below the hip joints. D. across the abdominal wall at the level of the umbilicus and against the hip joints.

A. below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints. Ch. 30 - injuries to the abdomen, page 1060

Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash? A. deformed steering wheel B. intrathoracic hemorrhage C. caved-in passenger door D. collapsed dashboard

A. deformed steering wheel ch. 24 blunt trauma, pg 851

In any case of trauma to a female patient, you should always determine if the patient: A. is on birth control B. is pregnant C. is currently menstruating D. has a history of ovarian cysts

A. is pregnant

Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of injury to the: A. liver. B. kidney C. stomach D. spleen

A. liver.

which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of a laryngeal injury? A. wheezing B. difficulty breathing C. hoarseness D. subcutaneous emphysema

A. wheezing ch. 27 - emergency medical care for specific injuries, page 972

Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct?A) A child's head is equal to 14% of his or her total BSA. B) The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA. C) The posterior of a child's leg is equal to 13.5% of the BSA. D) The anterior arm in the adult is equal to 9% of the total BSA.

B) The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA.

A person who experiences a calcaneus fracture after jumping and landing on his or her feet would MOST likely experience an accompanying fracture of the: A. coccygeal spine. B. Lumbar spine. C. symphysis pubis D. thoracic spine

B. Lumbar spine.

Pleural fluid is contained between the: A. parietal pelura and the chest wall B. Visceral and parietal pleurae C. parietal pleura and the heart D. Visceral pleura and the lung

B. Visceral and parietal pleurae

After your partner assumes manual in-line stabilization of the patient's head, you should: A. thoroughly palpate the patient's head for deformities. B. assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities. C. apply an appropriately sized rigid cervical collar D. use four people to log roll the patient onto a backboard

B. assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities.

A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should: A. carefully examine her eye and remove any foreign objects if needed B. avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye. C. ask her to move the injured eye to assess the integrity of the optic nerve. D. apply firm direct pressure to the in

B. avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye.

The MOST commonly fracture bone(s) in the body is/are the: A. radius and ulna B. clavicle C. midshaft femur D. scapula

B. clavicle

Air bags are designed to A. prevent a second collision inside the car B. decrease the severity of deceleration injuries C. be used with or without a shoulder harness D. prevent the driver from sustaining head trauma

B. decrease the severity of deceleration injuries

Blood in the urine is known as: A. hemoglobin B. hematuria C. Hematocrit D. hemotysis

B. hematuria

A laceration: A. rarely penetrates through the subcutaneous tissue to the muscle. B. is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma. C. is an injury that separates various layers of soft tissue. D. is a sharp, smooth cut that is made by a surgical scalpel.

B. is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma.

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she: A. is wearing only a lap belt. B. is ejected or partially ejected C. experiences multiple impacts D. remains within the vehicle

B. is ejected or partially ejected

The lower jawbone is called the: A. zygoma B. mandible C. mastoid D. maxillae

B. mandible

A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should: A. manually stabilize her left leg, apply a traction splint, and then secure her to a long backboard or scoop. B. place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop wit

B. place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps.

A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for: A. anterior hip dislocation B. posterior hip dislocation. C. a thoracic spine fracture D. fracture of the tibia or fibula

B. posterior hip dislocation.

The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at: Select one: A. C3 and C4 B. C1, C2, and C3 C. C3, C4, and C5 D. C1 and C2

C. C3, C4, and C5 Ch. 29 - mechanics of ventilation, page 1033

A(n) _____ occurs when a great amount of force is applied to the body for a long period of time. A. contusion B. avulsion C. crushing injury D. hematoma

C. crushing injury

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause: A. referred pain B. diffuse bruising C. distention D. nausea or vomiting

C. distention

Improperly applying a splint can cause all of the following, EXCEPT: A. compression of nerves, tissues, and blood vessels B. aggravation fo the distal circulation C. increase of distal circulation if the splint is too tight D. delay in transport of a patient with a life-threatening injury

C. increase of distal circulation if the splint is too tight

The cricoid cartilage: A. lies superior to the thyroid cartilage in the neck. B. is easier to see and palpate than the thyroid cartilage C. is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea. D. lies superior to the cricothyroid membrane in the neck

C. is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea.

Elevation of the rib cage during inhalation occurs when: A. the diaphragm descends B. intrathoracic pressure decreases C. the intercostal muscles contract D. abdominal contents descend

C. the intercostal muscles contract The diaphragm also CONTRACTS/DESCENDS during inspiration

The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called: A. stabilization B. immobilization C. traction D. reduction

C. traction

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height? A) Kinetic energy is converted to potential energy; the potential energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop. B) Potential energy is created as the person is falling; the potential energy is then converted into kinetic energy upon impact. C) As the person falls, the amount of kinetic energy is converted into work; work is then converted to kinetic energy upon impact. D) Potential en

D) Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.

The mastoid process is located approximately: A. half an inch anterior to the external opening of the ear B. 1 inch posterior to the angle of the mandible C. 1 inch inferior to the external opening of the ear D. 1 inch posterior to the external opening of the ear

D. 1 inch posterior to the external opening of the ear

Splinting an extremity even when there is no fracture can help to: A. reduce pain B. minimize damage to an already-injured extremity C. make it easier to move the patient D. All of these answers are correct

D. All of these answers are correct

You respond to a 71-year-old woman who is unresponsive. You try to get her to respond but have no success. Her airway is open, and she is breathing at a rate of 14 breaths/min. What structure on her neck should you locate to take a pulse? A. subclavian arteries B. Cricoid cartilage C. Hypothalamus D. Carotid arteries

D. Carotid arteries

A short backboard or vest-style immobilization device is indicated for patients who: A. are found supine and have stable vital signs B. are sitting in their car and are clinically unstable C. require prompt extrication from an automobile D. are in sitting position and are clinically stable

D. are in sitting position and are clinically stable

During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note that the patient has shallow breathing and paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. You should: A. make note of it and continue your assessment B. apply high-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask C. request a paramedic to decompress the chest D. assist ventilations with BVM

D. assist ventilations with BVM

The MOST common and serious complication of a significant head injury is: A. skull fracture. B. hypoxic seizure C. acute hypotension D. cerebral edema

D. cerebral edema

An __________ fracture occurs in the growth section of a child's bone and may lead to bone growth abnormalities. A. metaphyseal B. greenstick D. diaphyseal D. epiphyseal

D. epiphyseal Chapter 31 musculoskeletal injuries, page 1093

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of a concussion? A. weakness B. visual changes C. dizziness D. muscle tremors

D. muscle tremors

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should: A. radpidly assess only the survivors who ahve experienced obvious trauma. B. transport the survivors only if they have injuries or complain of pain C. allow the survivors to refuse transport if they have no obvious injuries D. suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.

D. suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.

You respond to a house fire with the local fire department. They bring a 48-year-old woman out of the house. She is unconscious but her airway is open. Her breathing is shallow at 30 breaths/min. Her pulse is 110 beats/min, strong and regular. Her blood pressure is 108/72 mm Hg. She has been burned over 40% of her body. The burned area appears to be dry and leathery. It looks charred and has pieces of fabric embedded in the flesh. You know that this type of burn is considered a: A. second-degre

D. third-degree burn.

Helmets must be removed in all of the following cases, EXCEPT: A. when cardiac arrest is involved B. when the helmet allows for excessive movement C. when a shield cannot be removed for access to the airway D. when there are no impending airway or breathing problems

D. when there are no impending airway or breathing problems

A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unresponsive with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should:Select one: A. irrigate her eyes with water to prevent mucosal drying. B. inspect her eyes and gently remove impaled objects. C. secure her eyes open so you can reassess her pupils. D. close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing.

The correct answer is: close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing.

An open neck injury may result in _____ if enough air is sucked into a blood vessel. A. tracheal deviation B. subcutaneous emphysema C. an air embolism D. hypovolemic shock

an air embolism

A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12′,landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should: A. immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam. B. allow him to refuse transport if his Vital signs remain stable C. performa a rapid head-to-toe exam and immobilize his spine. D. obtain a Glasgow coma score value and give him oxygen

immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam.

A female patient with a suspected head injury has slow, shallow breathing. The MOST appropriate treatment for her includes: A. ventilation assistance to maintain an ETCO2 of 30 to 35 mm Hg. B. hyperventilating her at 30 breaths/min C. ventilation assistance to maintain an oxygen saturation of 90% D. administering oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask

ventilation assistance to maintain an ETCO2 of 30 to 35 mm Hg. ch. 28 - pt assessment, page 995

When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant: A. remains in motion until acted upon by an external force B. will most likely be thrown over the steering column C. will decelerate at the same rate as the motor vehicle D. is thrust under the steering column onto the floorboard

A. remains in motion until acted upon by an external force

A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury: A. requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation B. Should be placed in Trendelenburg position C. is most likely experiencing sever blood loss D. has most likely experienced a ruptured aorta

A. requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation

You and your partner respond to a patient who has had his hand nearly severed by a drill press. As you approach, you note that the patient is pale and there appears to be a lot of blood on the floor. The wound continues to bleed copiously. After applying a tourniquet, you write _____ and _____ on a piece of adhesive tape and apply it to the patient's forehead.Select one: A. the patient's name; tourniquet location B. your last name; unit number C. the letters "TK"; the exact time applied D. the

C. the letters "TK"; the exact time applied

Significant blood loss demands your immediate attention as soon as the _____ has been managed. Select one: A. fracture B. extrication C. airway D. Controlling major external bleeding is always the priority.

D. Controlling major external bleeding is always the priority.

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first: A. apply direct pressure to the wound B. perform a rapid head-to-toe assessment C. place the patient on high-flow oxygen D. follow appropriate standard precautions

D. follow appropriate standard precautions

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the: A. vertebral foramina B. eustachian tube C. spinous process D. foramen magnum

D. foramen magnum.

The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the: A. rear end of the vehicle is initially struck B. Patient tenses up at the time of impact C. air bag correctly deploys upon impact D. headrest is appropriately positioned.

D. headrest is appropriately positioned.