ENC 1101- Chpt 2-5

Dangling Modifier

"dangles" because it cannot logically describe any word in the sentence.

Effective thesis has three characteristics

1. An effective statement clearly expresses your essays's main idea. 2. An effective thesis statement communicates your essay's purpose. 3. An effective thesis statement is clearly worded.

Unified

A paragraph is unified if each sentence relates directly to the main idea pf the paragraph.

Review Outline

Check your essays structure by making a review outline

Two kinds of run-ons

Comma splice fused sentence

Complex Sentence

Dependent clause, independent clause

Chronological Order

First event to last event, Past to present....

Examples of Narartion

Histories, biographies, and auto biographies follow a narrative form, as do personal letters, diaries, journals, and some of the content on personal wed pages or social networking sites.

Revision

It is a continuing process during which you consider the logic and clarity of your ideas as well as how effectively they are presented.

Stating your Thesis

It is a good idea to include a one-sentence statement of your thesis early in your essay.

Flashbacks

Shifts into the past to tell a story

Expressive Writing

You convey personal feelings or impressions to readers

Informative Writing

You inform readers about something

Well developed

a paragraph is well developed if it contains the support through examples, reasons, and facts that readers need to understand the main idea.

Types of Audience

*Individual- Your instructor or specific group Group- Classmates or coworkers Specialized- A group of medical doctors or economists *General/Universal-Audience members have nothing in common ( readers of a newspaper)

Body Paragraph should...

-Develop Thesis -Body Paragraph should be UNIFIED -Each sentence in the paragraph should develop the paragraphs main idea -Coherent,the sentences are smoothly and logically connected to one another -Each body paragraph should be well developed -Should follow a particular pattern of development -Clearly support the thesis

Narration

1st person tells a story a personal piece of writing MUST BE IN ORDER- PAST TO PRESENT/ PRESENT TO PAST Logical sequence of events Include rich specific details

Description

1st,2nd,3rd person Paint an image with words Utilize all senses Heavy in the details Order does not matter

Title

A descriptive tittle can print readers it is not detailed enough to reveal your essay's purpose or direction.

Coherent

A paragraph is coherent if its sentences are smoothly and logically connected to one another. by using key words, pronouns, and transitions.

Concise

A sentence that is efficient, it is not overloaded with extra words and complicated constructions.

Conclusion

Always end your essay in a way that reinforces your thesis and your purpose. It is rarely longer than a paragraph, it should be consistent with the rest of your essay.

Misplaced Modifier

Appears to modify the wrong word because it is placed incorrectly in the sentence.

Colons

Are used to introduced lists, examples, and clarifications. A colon should always be preceded by a complete sentence.

Dashes

Are used to set off and emphasize information within a sentence

Questions for Probing

Are useful because they reflect how your mind operates

Modifiers

Are words and phrases that describe other words in a sentence.

Eliminate monotony

By varying your sentence structure

Comparison and Contrast

Can be separated Third person

Recognizing a Pattern

Deciding how to structure an essay is easy when your assignment specifies a particular pattern of development. You must recognize the clues that an assignment gives to structure your essay.

Oral Comments

During a one on one conference an instructor can provide thoughts/ideas on revision.

Techniques/Strategies to plan/write essay

Freewriting Brainstorming Journal Writing Clustering Making an Informal Outline

Exemplification

Give examples Included in most essays Order does not matter

Format

How your paragraphs, sentences, and words look on the page

Implied Thesis

Implied thesis conveys an essay's main focus, but it does not do so explicitly. Instead the selection and arrangement of the essay's ideas suggest the focus.

Informal Writing

Informal Outline simply suggest the shape of your emerging business

What is you audience and purpose usually in college?

Instructor/your purpose in most cases is to demonstrate your mastery of the subject matter, you reasoning ability, and your competence as a writer

Parts of an Introduction

Introduces your subject creates interest states your thesis

What will your essay consist of?

Introduction ( presents your thesis statement) Several body paragraphs that develop and support your thesis Conclusion

Parts of Essay

Introduction usually 1Paragraph >>>Hook,Thesis,Background ( Intro) >>>Capture Readers attention >>>Assume audience knows nothing >>>Hook, Background, Attention Body Paragraph >>Develops P >>Supporting Details >>>Major( Directly support main idea) >>>Minor (Support, Enhance, Elaborate your major details) >>>Conclusion

Brainstorming

Is a way of discovering ideas about your topic by recording every fact, idea, or detail you can think that relates to your topic.

Clustering

Is a way of visually arranging ideas so that you can tell at a glance where the ideas belong and whether or not you need more information.

Comma Splice

Is an error that occurs when two independent clauses are connected by just a comma.

Fused sentence

Is an error that occurs when two independent clauses are connected without any punctuation.

Fragment

Is an incomplete sentence, one that is missing a subject, a verb, or Botha. subject or verb.

Parallelism

Is the use of matching grammatical elements (words, phrases, clauses) to express similar ideas.

First Draft

Is to get your ideas down on paper so you can react to them.

Purpose

Limits what you say and how you say it

Types of Patterns

Narration Description Exemplification Process Cause and Effect Comparison and contrast Classification and division Definition

Deciding on a thesis

No rules determine when you draft your thesis; the decision depends on the scope of your assignment, your knowledge of the subject, and your method of writing.

Why Brainstorming or Journal Writing?

Once you have narrowed your subject to a workable topic, you need to find something to say about it. Brainstorming/Journal Writing are useful tools for generating ideas.

Simple Sentence

One independent clauses

Process

Order Matters Step[s, Procedures, How to Third Person/Second Person

Cause and Effect

Order doesn't matter Cannot be separated Multiple causes and one effect Direct relationship

Occasion

Refers to the situation that leads someone to with about a topic. In academic writing situation the occasion is almost always a specific assignment.

Editing

Searching for grammatical errors, punctuation, and look over sentence style and word choice one last time.

Proofreading

Searching for surface errors, such as spelling errors, typos, incorrect spacing, or problems with your essay's format.

Peer-editing worksheet

Students maybe required to exchange papers and evaluate classmates work

Subjects and verbs agree

Subjects and verbs must agree in number; a singular subject takes a singular verb.

General Subjects/Specific Subject

Tablets/The benefits of tablets in elementary classrooms Herman Melville's Billy Budd/Billy Budd as a Christ Figure Constitutional Law/One unforeseen result of the Miranda Ruling Fracking/Should fracking be banned

Thesis

The main idea of your essay, its central point. It is more than a title, an announcement of your intent, or statement of fact. A judgement or opinion can be an effective thesis.

Body Of Paragraph

The middle section of your essay develops your thesis, they present support that convinces your audience your thesis is reasonable.

Focused Freewriting/Looping

The process of writing more specific free writing after initial free writing.

Antecedent

The word or noun that it replaces.

Compound Sentence

Two independent clauses

Journal Writing

Useful source of ideas at any stage of the writing process. Journal writing are likely to be more narrowly focused than freewriting/brainstorming

Faulty Parallelism

Using items that are not parallel in a context in which parallelism is expected-makes ideas difficult to follow and will likely confuse your readers.

Questions for Probing

What happened? When did it happen? Where did it happen? Who did it? What does it look like? What are the characteristics? What impressions does it make? What are some typical cases or examples of it? How did it happen? What makes it work? How is it made? Why did it happen? What caused it? What does it cause? What are its effects? How is it like other things? How is it different from other things? What are its parts or types?

Knowledge

What you know ( and don't know) about a subject determines what you can say about it.

What do probing questions yield?

When applied to a subject, some of these questions can yield many workable topics, including some you might never have considered had you not asked the questions.

Freewriting

When free writing you write for five to ten minutes without stopping, and without paying attention to spelling, grammar, and punctuation. The key is to keep writing. Once completed look through what you have written and find ideas that you can write about.

Persuasive Writing

You try to convince readers to act or think in a certain way

Written Comments

Your instructors thoughts or opinions on your essay, possible corrections, or restructure of sentences.

Nonrestrictive clause

a clause does not supply information that is essential to the sentences meaning

Restrictive clause

a clause that supplies information that is vital to the sentence's meaning

Process Essay

an explanation of a laboratory experiment, it outlines a series of steps in chronological order. ( like narrative)

Apostrophes

have to uses: to indicate missing letters in contractions and to show possession or ownership.