End work

By the age of ________, most children have learned the syntax of their native language and know that the words in different arrangements mean different things.

5

Research by Cummins found that while two years is adequate for most language minority students to develop basic communication skills (BICS) for conversational English, it takes ________ years of school training to develop higher levels of proficiency for structured academic settings (CALP).

5 to 7

Class can be defined as

A distinction based on one's social or economic status

Acceptance implies

A freedom for the exceptional child to grow

What was the importance of Edgewood v. Kirby?

A state supreme court found that gross differences in per-pupil expenditures violated the state constitution.

Meritocracy can be best defined as

A system that is based on the belief that an individual's achievements are decided by an individual's own personal merits and hard work

Most students

Accept the information written in their textbooks as the absolute truth

Overrepresentation in special education placements can be a problem if special education limits their opportunities for

Access to the general education curriculum, Obtaining a high school diploma, and Access to quality programs

Culture is an adaptation that

Accommodates environmental conditions and available natural and technological resources

Which of the following statements is incorrect

Addressing racism in the classroom can be highly violate and should be left to teachers who specialize in multicultural issues to address

At issue in the Oakland Unified School District Ebonics controversy was the fact that in 1996

African Americans had the lowest grade point average in the district and African Americans comprised a disproportionately high percentage of placements in special education classes

Which principle of special education implies that children have the right to an education involving accurate diagnosis of individual needs?

Appropriate Education

The more or less secret vocabulary of a co-culture (e.g., prisoners, gang members, etc.) is referred to by linguists as

Argot

One's assignment to groups at birth is known as

Ascribed status

Which students are the most integrated group in the nation's public schools

Asian American

Which of the following would likely maintain a more distant physical space in a normal conversation than the other groups listed?

Asians

Masculinity is measured by a man's

Assertiveness, Leadership, and Independence

The goal of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards is to

Assess and certify highly competent teachers.

A group's distinctive cultural patterns either become part of the dominant culture or disappear as the group adopts the dominant culture. This is called

Assimilation

Enculturation and socialization are processes initiated when?

At birth

Research shows that boys have not been encouraged to

Be emotionally literate

By the age of 2 years, children

Begin to learn expected behaviors and Realize they are either boys or girls

Lead poisoning can create problems for children such as

Behavior problems, Lowered IQ, and Learning disabilities

Which of the following is not a requirement for teaching for social justice

Belief that every one is capable of equal opportunity to achieve

Which of the following is not a requirement for teaching for social justice?

Belief that every one is capable of equal opportunity to achieve

Acculturation is determined by

Both A and B

Which group of students tends to score below European American students on national standardized tests?

Both Puerto Rican and American Indian

Society has a mindset that people with disabilities are

Children or childlike and have severe physical and mental disabilities

Which movement in the 1960s reduced barriers that prevented many African Americans from enjoying advantages of the middle class

Civil rights movement

Who tries to combat the institutionalized acceptance and expectation of unequal status across cultural groups?

Civil rights organizations

Many people accept and follow socially defined behavior based on their

Class

When there are no differences in ability, academic tracks reflect

Class differences, gender differences, and race differences

Fundamentalists are

Conservatives

Social dialects generally differ from one another in the use of

Consonants

The stratergy which groups students to work together on a project to support and learn from each other is referred to as

Cooperative learning

Which statement best describes the use of corporal punishment in U.S. education?

Corporal punishment is legal in some states and prohibited in others

________ is defined as a minority religion characteristically centered on a charismatic leader who requires strict adherence to beliefs and practices.

Cult

What is based on traits and values learned as part of our ethnicity, religion, gender, age, and socioeconomic status?

Cultural identity

To see a culture as if you are a member of the culture is

Cultural relativism

Religious differences raise a number of challenges for educators such as

Curricular content, Effective discipline for students in your class, Appropriate dress codes (All of the above)

Religious groups can influence

Curriculum, textbooks, and the election of school board members

Secular humanism

De-emphasizes God and is respect for human beings

Gurian reports that boys are more likely to be

Deductive thinkers

To demonstrate their expertise, teachers undergoing NBPTS certification must

Demonstrate understanding of the most effective teaching methods.

An Individualized Education Program is

Designed to meet the unique needs of a student with disabilities

Which were immigrants from Eastern and Southern European countries enticed to move and accept jobs in Midwestern and Eastern US cites

Devastating political hardship and devastating economic

What is it called when a person suffers from severe delays in the acquisition of cognitive, language, motor, and social skills?

Developmental disabilities

The superior status of men is reflected in the inequities that exist in

Differences in wages earned by men and women, Economic rewards for housework and childbearing, and Prestige of different jobs held by men and women

Inequality results from

Differentiated rankings within the division of labor

Many people have little knowledge about homosexuality, which leads to feelings of

Disgust, Anger, and Anxiety

Many homosexuals suffer loneliness and alienation because they

Do not acknowledge their homosexuality

Most researchers agree that sexual orientation is established

Early in life

The best predictor of occupational prestige is

Education

Public Law 94-142 is the

Education for All Handicapped Children Act

Which of the following is not one of the standards suggested as critical to improving learning for diverse students by the Center for Research on Education Diversity, and Excellence (CREDE)

Emphasizing lectures over dialogue

Which two processes interact as one learns how to act in society?

Enculturation and socialization

California's Proposition 227 was a ballot initiative passed in 1998 with the intended purpose of

Ending bilingual education in the state

Differences between sexes have often prevented

Equality

U. S. society has strong

Eurocentric roots

Jean is a new teacher at the end of her second year. When she meets with her principal to discuss her performance for the year and her assignment for the following school year, the principal will probably rely on Jean's

Evaluative observations

Least-restrictive environment means that children with disabilities are to be separated from nondisabled children whenever possible. True or false?

False

Many people view income inequity as a natural outcome of the American Way.

False

Minorities of color are less likely to be placed in special education classes. True or false?

False

In analyzing poverty in the classroom

Families and indiviudals are often blamed for their own poverty, teachers can hep students to understand the contributions of the labor class as well as the rich and powerful, and it is difficult for those who are advantaged to acknowledge that our economic systems does not provide equitably for all white and individuals of color

Values influence the importance of

Family,Honor, Status (All of these)

When school officials and teachers are supportive of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender students, these students

Feel safer in schools, have higher GPAs, and are more likely to attend college

Which group of immigrants were recruited to provide labor on the West Coast

Filipinos, Chinese, and Japanese

Homosexuals may not be able to

Find jobs, Find housing, Be admitted to "straight" clubs

Unlike traditional teacher preparation programs, alternative teaching programs

Focus on apprenticeships and on-the-job training

Culture can manifest itself in nonverbal communication patterns such as

Gesturing and Shaking hands

Students who have extraordinary abilities are

Gifted and talented

Which of the following has NOT been given as a reason for single-sex schools?

Girls' science and math genes are developed in single sex schools.

By 2004, the "English as the Official Language" movement

Had been adopted as statutes or state constitutional amendments by over half the states

As educators we

Have a right to our own religious convictions

Culture

Helps define who we are, Provides a blueprint that determines the way we think, feel, and behave in society, Influences our knowledge, beliefs, and values

Which of the following statement is not correct regarding student tracking

Homogeneous grouping is more helpful in improving achievement for students from low income and oppressed groups

To establish equality, major changes must take place

In society

Which group of individuals are most likely to form their own cultural group?

Individuals with visual imparities and individuals with hearing imparities

Girls, according to Gurian, tend to be

Inductive thinkers

Religious misunderstandings between teachers and the community can affect

Instruction

The opponents of Proposition 227 argue against the initiative primarily because

It is not based on any scientific research data

Progressivism's foremost educational advocate was

John Dewey.

________ is one of the oldest religions known to humanity and provides the historical roots of both Catholicism and Protestantism.

Judaism

Which group of students is the most segregated minority group in US schools

Latino

Which group of students are underrepresented in classes for the gifted and talented?

Latino, African American, American Indian

Which of the following suits was not one of the class action suits brought against school boards or districts because of discriminatory IQ tests?

Lau v. Nichols

Religious behavior is

Learned

Which of the following is not one of the basic components of a multicultural curriculum?

Life goals of students

Gay and lesbian educators are often forced to separate their personal and professional lives for fear of

Losing their jobs

Mental retardation and emotional disturbance is often linked to

Lower socioeconomic status

Which act requires public schools to provide educational rights and protections for homeless children and youth?

McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act

The scientists at the beginning of the 20th century also believed that women's nature made it imperative that

Men give orders and women take orders in the workplace

Many Americans identify themselves as

Middle class

Which of the following statement is incorrect

Multicultural teaching requires students to acknowledge their own racist behavior

Which of the following statements is incorrect

Multicultural teaching requires students to acknowledge their own racist behaviors

In the Lau v. Nichols decision, the Supreme Court

None of the above

Your school is changing some policies to meet the demands of No Child Left Behind. Which of the following would NOT meet federal NCLB requirements?

Offering low-cost after-school tutoring to students in underperforming schools

Appropriate gender behavior is reinforced

On television, In play with peers, In magazines

One's job indicates

One's income, One's socioeconomic status, One's education

Which of the following is inducative of a school climate that does not reflect a commitment to multicultural education?

Only male students waiting in the vice principals office for discipline, individuals of color in custodial and clerical positions and dominant group indivduals in administrative positions, football team comprised almost exclusively of American American and the chess club primarily of white students

Which of the following is true of today's families in the U.S.?

Only two-thirds of children live in two-parent households.

________ in special education is a major problem in education.

Overrepresentation

Many religions are ________.

Particularistic

The determination of what is and what is not standard English is made by

People in positions of status and People in positions of power

Public schools are supposed to be free of religious ________.

Perspective and doctrine

Religion appears to influence patterns of

Political attitudes, marriage, and sex roles

The initial results of the effects of Proposition 227 for the school years 1998-1999 and 1999-2000 showed that SAT-9 Achievement test scores in a district (Oceanside Unified School District) which had faithfully implemented the mandates of the proposition, found

Positive results with increased percentile points for 2nd grade English Language Learner (ELL) students

What is most likely to be a condition of the young, persons of color, women, full-time workers in low status jobs, and the illiterate?

Poverty

A 1963 Supreme Court decision removed

Prayer from school

What principle do Educational Maintenance Organizations follow?

Profits can be realized by investing in education.

Alice is a teacher who has just finished her fourth year of teaching. At the end of that year, Alice was informed that she would be granted tenure. From this point, Alice can expect

Protection from arbitrary dismissal

Which religious group is in the majority in the United States?

Protestants

The vast majority of Muslim students in the United States attend ________ schools.

Public

Person with disabilities have been

Rejected by society

The ________ is a very conservative and politically active group of Christians.

Religious right

Normal schools were important because they

Represented the earliest form of professional teacher education

The No Child Left Behind Act

Requires standardized testing of students to determine how effective a school is in helping students learn

Prior to the 1970s most lesbians and gays hid their homosexuality out of fear of

Retaliation and Rejection

The ________ religion in the United States has developed the largest private educational system in the world.

Roman Catholic

Which of the following declared education a fundamental right under California state law and led to a wave of reform in state funding of schools?

Serrano v. Priest

Failure to provide adequate educational and vocational opportunities for individuals with disabilities may preclude the possibility of

Social equality and economic equality

As we stereotype individuals with disabilities we deny them

Social value, worth, and a rightful place in society

What is the process called when children develop social skills and a sense of self?

Socialization

It is difficult to determine how many gender differences are biological because

Society has different expectations for different behaviors

Educators use observations of student dress, language, and eligibility for free or reduced lunch to determine students'

Socioeconomic status

The socioeconomic condition of persons and groups can be measured with a criterion called

Socioeconomic status (SES)

Of the following groups, a child of which should a teacher avoid patting on the head as a supportive gesture because the family may consider it offensive?

Southeast Asians

Horace Mann helped establish the first

State-supported normal school

Multicultural education should be emphasized primarily for

Student of color, majority group students, and majority group students

In teaching academic subjects multiculturally

Students from diverse background can learn about lifestyles based on other cultural backgrounds, as long as they are not the only ones to which are exposed, students who dont see representations of themselves and their families in the curriculum will have difficulty seeing the relevance of the academic, and teachers must understands the students cultured to develop instructional strategies that can be related to the students life experiences

Male, African American, and lower socioeconomic backgrounds are characteristics of

Students receiving overreferrals to special education

Patriarchal arrangements in society have made women

Subordinate to men

When a second language replaces the first, this is referred to as

Subtractive bilingualism

At the beginning of the twentieth century, some scientists thought men were intellectually

Superior

When teachers initially enter the classroom environment, their primary focus tends to be

Survival

Compared to resumes, portfolios

Take a more creative approach to highlighting a candidate's skills

Which of the following is not among the reasons cited as to why parents from diverse backgrounds may not feel welcome in the school

Teachers are intimidated by the cultural differences and are hesitant in their interactions with these parents

Which of the following is a part of California's Proposition 227 requirements?

Teachers who fail to implement the law as prescribed may be sued, Parents may seek waivers to continue in bilingual education, and All language minority students will be educated in sheltered English immersion programs not normally exceeding one year. (All of the above)

Individual states retain responsibility for education due to the

Tenth Amendment.

The two states that are most influential in the state adoption process are

Texas and California

The majority of undocumented immigrants settle in which state

Texas, California, and Illnois

Which of the following is generally considered a positive aspect of the teaching profession?

The ability to influence the lives of young people

Income is

The amount of money earned in wages or salaries

Particularistic means

The belief that your own religion is legitimate, the belief that your own religion is uniquely true, and the belief that all other religions are false

Gender is defined as

The characteristics of feminity and masculinity as determined by culture

Class determines

The community in which you live, Restaurants you eat in, The schools students attend

The attitudes and values about appropriate gender roles are embedded in

The curriculum

Which of the following statements about trends in suicide are true?

The general incidence of suicide has fallen, but has grown for those between the ages of 15 and 24.

The religious pluralism of the school in which one teaches will be determined by

The geographic region of the United States

Ethnocentrism is

The inability to view other cultures as equally viable alternatives

Hakuta and his research associates at Stanford University negate the claims of victory by Proposition 227 supporters with the increases in achievement test scores because they suggest that

The increases were due to the statistical phenomenon referred to as the "regression to the mean", California had just implemented class size reduction at the inception of Proposition 227, and Other districts, which had maintained various forms of bilingual education, had made similar gains. (All of the above)

Homophobia is

The irrational fear of or aversion to homosexuals

Which of the following was not one of the results of the results of the Metropolitan Life Insurance (1996) survey

The majority of students felts that there was equitable treatment for students across income and color lines

One way to examine the continuum of income is to use

The median income of the United States

Acculturation is

The process of adopting the dominant group's cultural patterns

For most families, family wealth comes from

The residual value of household goods and The equity value of homes

For students to achieve academically

The should be able to maintain their own cultural identities inside and outside the school

When teachers hold low or negative expectations for academic achievement by students of color

The students usually tend to meet the expectations no matter what their abilities are.

Heterosexuality is

The valued sexual orientation

Which of the following claims about tracking is supported by research?

Tracking by class (socioeconomic status) is one of the oldest of school traditions.

The public would be outraged if total separation of church and state were imposed.

Trie

Class consciousness is very pronounced in the United States because of an overall improvement in the standard of living.

True

Culture is shared.

True

Multicultural education can be defined as an educational strategy in which students' cultural backgrounds are used to develop effective classroom instruction and school environments.

True

Powerless groups continually obtain fewer of society's benefits because they lack accessibility to sources of power. True or false?

True

Some special education classes to some extent have become a dumping ground for many culturally and linguistically diverse children. True or false?

True

Special education overrepresentation often mirrors the overrepresentation seen in other areas such as dropouts, low-track placements, corporal punishment, suspensions, and involvement in the juvenile justice system. True or false?

True

The meaning of morality, the use of punishment and reward, and the need for higher education are determined by the value system of the culture.

True

The political leadership in the country often reflects the influence of various religious groups.

True

Educators such as Arthur Bestor and Ernest Boyer have concluded that

U.S. schools have taken responsibility for too many policies and goals.

Which of the following statements is true?

Up to a half of America's children report being bullied at least once a month.

A family's SES is

Usually observable

Expectations for minority students academically

Varies by racial/ethnic group

The English dialect spoken by the vast majority of African Americans is

Vernacular Black English. Black English, Ebonics, and African American Vernacular English (All of the above)

Which of the following is not one of the text's suggested means to learn other cultures?

View films and television programs with actors from different ethnic groups.

Cultural responsive teaching

Views the cultures and experiences of students as strengths, affirms the cultures of the students, and reflects the students culture in the teaching process

How might you characterize the changing understanding of intelligence?

We are broadening our understanding of intelligence beyond traditional language and mathematical-logical factors

The net worth of a family is determined by

Wealth

Social stratification ranks individuals and families on the basis of

Wealth, Education, Income

SES serves as a composite of the economic status of a family or unrelated individuals on the basis of

Wealth, Educational attainment, Occupation

Which group of people is overrepresented at the highest levels of the social stratification system?

White, able-bodied men

U. S. English, which is sometimes referred to as the "English Only" or "Official English," favors the transition of bilingual education into mainstream English usage

Within 1 to 2 years

The educational approach that best fits an emphasis on cultural literacy as advanced by E. D. Hirsch, Jr., is

a curriculum that details the facts and concepts that every educated American should know

Sociologist Talcott Parsons's investigation of the tracking system led to the conclusion that tracking is

a system that molds educational and career paths of children at a very early age.

A scientific "theory," such as the theory of evolution, is

a thoroughly tested belief unlikely to change

A child who is expelled for bringing nail clippers to school is probably feeling the consequence of

a zero-tolerance policy

To avoid the stigma of the label "tracking," which of the following terms is being used by schools for the system by which students are assigned to a position within an academic range or level?

ability grouping

Research indicates that because of noninstructional demands (discipline problems, attendance, etc.) teachers lose what percentage of instructional time?

about 25 percent

A teacher being fired for creating timely lesson plans about ethnic and religious differences would most likely be able to regain his or her job based on

academic freedom

The most frequent teacher reaction is

acceptance.

If you were to walk into a progressivist classroom, you would find teachers

acting as facilitators for their students.

It is illegal for prospective employers to question an applicant's

age

Research on the effectiveness of computers in education shows that

although a popular idea, the jury is still out on the effectiveness of computers in schools

The strong emphasis on the basics and academics during the 1980s was due to

although a popular idea, the jury is still out on the effectiveness of computers in schools

Textbook adoption states

are common in the South

Latchkey children

are generally from educated families.

In researching poverty, Shirley Brice Heath found that interactions between adults and children

are information-driven in middle-class families.

School teachers who participate in strikes

are prohibited in over half of states, but in practice are rarely prosecuted

Which form of special need has increased tenfold in only two decades?

autism

Teachers who demonstrate "withitness" are

aware of all students' behavior in the classroom at all times.

Under the American Recovery and Revitalization Act, a failing school that is "reconstituted" would

be closed and reopened with significant changes, a new principal, and new teachers.

All of the following are goal areas in John Goodlad's definition of the purpose of school EXCEPT to

become more accepting of individual differences.

The use of a system of positive reinforcement to encourage desired behavior is based on

behaviorism.

Unlike existentialists, ________ believe that free will is an illusion and that human nature is shaped by the environment.

behaviorists

In Life in Classrooms, Philip Jackson characterizes school life as

busy teachers working with students, often forced to delay or deny their needs.

Learning styles are affected by the ________ abilities of the students.

cognitive, affective , and physiological

The push for more testing

concerns those who protest the use of class time for test preparation

The bond method of financing

creates a government loan for infrastructure needs.

Intelligent design

credits an unnamed intelligence for aspects of nature unexplained by science

In Lemon v. Kurtzman, the Supreme Court established criteria to

determine the legality of government funds used in religious schools.

Factors other then physical characteristics must be used to determine a students

ethnicity

Race is a concept that was developed to describe the

ethnicity of people

Between the ages two and five children become aware of

ethnicity, race, and gender

A call for accountability in schools means that people want

evidence that increased financial support results in educational progress.

The influence of the business community in America's schools can best be characterized as

extensive and growing.

High-stakes testing has been criticized for

failing to consistently correlate with other measures of student learning

Which group of people fight the assimilative group aspects of schooling such as dress, language, music, and values

families with origins other than Europe, families who are neither Christians nor conservative Christians, and immigrant families

In order to promote more efficient use of classroom time, classroom rules should be

few and fair.

One of the criticisms of the textbook industry is the tendency to include a great deal of content in a superficial way. This is known as the

flip phenomenon

What is the most basic definition of ethic group

focus on an individuals national orgin

Which of the following is a recommended teaching strategy found to be particularly appropriate for students living in poverty?

focus on language skills

An "adequate education"

focuses on educational outcomes

The 1964 civil rights acts did what

gave voting rights to African American

A teacher who suspects a child is the victim of child abuse

has both an ethical responsibility and a legal responsibility to report the suspected abuse

In the last fifty years or so, state funding for schools

has increased dramatically

Sternberg describes gifted and talented students as

having wisdom.

State governments typically do NOT

hire school personnel

Proposed content standards were quite controversial in which content area

history

The chief state school officer manages

implementation of the policies of the board of education.

The neighborhood public school is

in competition with magnet schools, charter schools, and even for-profit schools.

Which of the following would be LEAST supported by the back-to-basics movement

incorporating demanding programs that meet the interests of students

An essentialist would argue that essentialism

is an effective way to help develop a common culture among Americans.

The principle protecting a teacher's right to teach without coercion, censorship, or other restrictive interference

is known as academic freedom

A school superintendent

is the most powerful education officer in the district.

Group alerting is a technique designed to

keep students' attention by addressing questions to the class, then naming the student to respond.

How much of the cost of public education does the federal government typically fund?

less than 10 percent

A textbook uses "he" and "mankind" to refer to all people. This is an example of bias called

linguistic bias

Between now and 2014 most of the ten fastest growing occupations are in

medical professions

Advantages of the statewide adoption process include all of the following benefits EXCEPT

more options for teachers at the local level

Most first Americans were forcibly segregated from the dominant group and forced to

move from their geographic homelands

Ethic communication undergo constant change in

occupations, population characteristics, and locations

The amount of time a teacher typically waits to call on a student after asking a question is

one second or less.

The Buckley Amendment ensures the rights of ________ to access educational records

parents and guardians

As a teacher, Richard wants his students to develop rational thought and think rigorously. He feels that he should prepare his brightest students for future leadership and responsibility, and he wants to prepare his other students to be good at whatever jobs they do after graduation. For his college-bound students, he urges them to choose liberal arts schools that allow students to pursue truth, beauty, and wisdom as opposed to "simply getting a piece of paper that leads to a job." Based on what you have learned, Richard's views represent

perennialism.

Charter schools typically enjoy

permission to operate for a fixed length of time.

In a 1918 school reform study by the NEA Committee of Ten, members focused on

preparing adults for their life roles.

Local communities raise most of their educational revenues through

property tax

The Socratic method involves

questioning the student to draw out answers.

Immediately after the release of A Nation at Risk, most school reformers focused on

reducing electives and increasing courses required for graduation from high school.

Standardized tests are popular for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

reflects actual student talents and performance

The formal curriculum of the 17th century was primarily concerned with

religion and reading

Nativism was designed to

restrict immigration

What are the biggest sources of state funding for schools?

sales and personal income taxes

All of the following statements about the extra-curriculum are true EXCEPT

since Title IX, high school boys and girls have participated in varsity sports in equal numbers.

The main point of The Saber Tooth Curriculum is that

slavish devotion to the content of past times can result in a curriculum obsolete for contemporary realities

In the 1960s, the curriculum emphasized

social issues

When people remember their high school experiences, they are most likely to recall issues concerning the

social status system.

The state government influences curriculum by

sponsoring standards and standardized testing

What does Education Secretary Arne Duncan's "Race to the Top" competition set aside funding for?

states with the most innovative plans for improving their schools

Arno Bellack's pedagogical cycle features these "moves":

structure, question, respond, react.

Research shows that the gifted

suffer from feelings of isolation.

Teachers shape the curriculum by

supplementing an official curriculum with other materials and objectives

Direct teaching is

teacher presentation of new material, followed by directed practice and feedback.

Helena believes that her main goal as a teacher is to transfer the knowledge and values that her students will need to do well when they graduate and move into society. She strives to have her students learn to be academically proficient and to instill her students with values such as respect, diligence, and practicality. Based on what you have learned, Helena would rely on

teacher-centered philosophies.

In the era of No Child Left Behind, evidence shows that for many schools, teaching is being redefined as ____________ preparation?

test

The case against segregating children with disabilities was made in part because of the findings of

the Brown v. Board of Education decision.

John Dewey founded a famous experimental school to test his ideas. That school was

the Laboratory School.

The Lab School of Washington builds its curriculum around

the arts.

Who was John Goodlad?

the author of A Place Called School, a study examining the purposes of schooling

Raphaela Best's study of peer groups revealed that

the boys who are excluded from the dominant male peer group exhibit social, emotional, and academic problems.

The unremarked revolution refers to

the detracking movement.

The sequence of planned learning experiences described in course guides and syllabi is called

the formal curriculum or explicit curriculum

A major difference between the formal and the hidden curriculum is

the hidden curriculum arises spontaneously from interactions between students and their environments

Philip Jackson researched teacher interactions in the classroom and concluded

the high number of teacher-student interactions that occur in class underscores the rapid pace of classroom discourse.

Soft bias refers to

the lowering of teachers' academic expectations for poor children.

The principle of spontaneity can protect a teacher who uses a published work as a teaching tool if

the teacher has an inspiration to use a work but no time to receive permission

In San Antonio v. Rodriguez, the Supreme Court decided that

the then-current finance system did not violate the U.S. Constitution.

Children are less likely to maintain such strong ethnic identity because

their primary relationships are with members of other ethnic groups

Philip Jackson calls teachers gatekeepers because

they direct the flow of classroom interaction.

One downside of computers is

they impose a potential health risk.

How does differentiated instruction organize instructional activities?

through concentrated tutorials designed to bring about mastery of a few key concepts

Engaged time is

time students are actively involved with academic subject matter.

The goal of desegregation has changed from the physical integration of students within a school building to the achivement of equal learning opportunites are outcomes for all students

true

A key aspect of teaching in a constructivist classroom is

understanding each student's prior knowledge and understanding

State constitutions guarantee the right to an "adequate education" including all the following characteristics EXCEPT

uniform statewide test scores.

Learning styles can best be characterized as

unique to the individual.

A textbook covers 20th century U.S. history without mentioning the continuing struggle for civil rights, and pictures throughout the text portray only harmonious race relations. This is an example of bias called

unreality

John Goodlad found that teachers

vary considerably in how efficiently they use time.

Which of the following best describes the system of funding U.S. schools?

very decentralized, with local and state governments bearing most of the costs

The metaphor that best captures David Owen's study of high school life compares the adolescent experience to

visitors to a foreign land and culture.

When students, parents, and teachers were asked to rate school goals in a study

vocational, personal, academic, and social and civic goals were all rated "very important."

An individuals degree of ethic identity is influenced early in that persons life by

whether or not the family members recognize ethnicity as an important part of their identity

When a teacher's private life is called into question by the courts, a governing principle that determines whether or not the teacher may be dismissed is often

whether there is substantial disruption of the educational process

Local school board members tend to be

white, male, and middle or upper class.