Endo

Diabetes insipidus is a disorder of which of the following? 1. Anterior pituitary 2. Posterior pituitary 3. Adrenal cortex 4. Adrenal medulla

2. Posterior pituitary

Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of juvenile hypothyroidism? 1. Insomnia 2. Diarrhea 3. Dry skin 4. Accelerated growth

3. Dry skin

Which of the following statements best describes Cushing syndrome? 1. It is caused by excessive production of cortisol. 2. The major clinical features are exophthalmia and pigmentary changes. 3. Treatment involves replacement of cortisol. 4. Diagnosis is suspected with findings of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and polyuria.

1. It is caused by excessive production of cortisol.

The nurse is caring for a child hospitalized with acute adrenocortical insufficiency. The acute phase seems to be over when ascending flaccid paralysis occurs. The most appropriate nursing action is which of the following? 1. Reassure family that this condition is temporary. 2. Reassure family that flaccid paralysis is not problematic. 3. Prepare family for impending death. 4. Prepare family for long-term consequences of paralysis.

1. Reassure family that this condition is temporary.

A child with chronic adrenocortical insufficiency is receiving cortisone. Nursing considerations related to the administration of cortisone include which of the following? 1. Take with food. 2. Take 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals. 3. Mix with milk or formula. 4. Prepare child for multiple injections.

1. Take with food.

A goiter is an enlargement or hypertrophy of which gland? 1. Thyroid 2. Adrenal 3. Anterior pituitary 4. Posterior pituitary

1. Thyroid

Which of the following is characterized by destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in insulin deficiency? 1. Type 1 diabetes 2. Type 2 diabetes 3. Impaired glucose tolerance 4. Gestational diabetes

1. Type 1 diabetes

Which of the following is a condition that can result if hypersecretion of growth hormone occurs after epiphyseal closure? 1. Dwarfism 2. Acromegaly 3. Gigantism 4. Cretinism

2. Acromegaly

Which of the following is the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism? 1. Diabetes mellitus 2. Chronic renal disease 3. Congenital heart disease 4. Growth hormone deficiency

2. Chronic renal disease

An 11-year-old boy has recently been diagnosed with diabetes. The nurse's teaching plan for daily injections should be based on which of the following? 1. The parents do not need to learn the procedure. 2. He is old enough to give most of his own injections. 3. Self-injections will be possible when he is closer to adolescence. 4. He can learn about self-injections when he is able to reach all injection sites.

2. He is old enough to give most of his own injections.

A 13-year-old girl is brought to the clinic with the complaint of "insomnia and hyperactivity." Other symptoms include: gradual weight loss despite a good appetite; warm, flushed, and moist skin; and unusually fine hair. These manifestations are most suggestive of which of the following? 1. Hypothyroidism 2. Hyperthyroidism 3. Hypoparathyroidism 4. Hyperparathyroidism

2. Hyperthyroidism

Exophthalmos (protruding eyeballs) may occur in children with which of the following conditions? 1. Hypothyroidism 2. Hyperthyroidism 3. Hypoparathyroidism 4. Hyperparathyroidism

2. Hyperthyroidism

The nurse should recognize that when a child develops diabetic ketoacidosis, this is which of the following? 1. Expected outcome 2. Life-threatening situation 3. Best treated at home 4. Best treated at practitioner's office/clinic

2. Life-threatening situation

A nasal spray of aqueous lysine vasopressin is used to treat: 1. hypopituitarism. 2. diabetes insipidus. 3. acute adrenocortical insufficiency. 4. syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone.

2. diabetes insipidus.

Which of the following is characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus? 1. Ketoacidosis is infrequent. 2. Onset is usually gradual. 3. Age at onset is less than 20 years. 4. Oral agents are often effective for treatment.

3. Age at onset is less than 20 years.

At what age is sexual development in Caucasian boys and girls considered to be precocious? 1. Boys—8 years; girls—8 years 2. Boys—12 years; girls—10 years 3. Boys—9 years; girls—7 years 4. Boys—10 years; girls—9.5 years

3. Boys—9 years; girls—7 years

The parent of a child asks the nurse why home blood glucose monitoring is being recommended for her child with diabetes. The nurse should base the explanation on which of the following? 1. It is a less expensive method of testing. 2. It is an easier method of testing. 3. Children are better able to manage the diabetes. 4. Children have a greater sense of control over the diabetes.

3. Children are better able to manage the diabetes.

Which of the following should the nurse include when discussing a child's precocious puberty with the parents? 1. The child is not yet fertile. 2. Heterosexual interest is usually advanced. 3. Dress and activities should be appropriate to chronologic age. 4. Appearance of secondary sexual characteristics do not proceed in the usual order.

3. Dress and activities should be appropriate to chronologic age.

A child is receiving propylthiouracil for the treatment of hyperthyroidism (Graves disease). The parents and child should be taught to recognize and report which of the following symptoms immediately? 1. Coughing 2. Ear pain 3. Fever, sore throat 4. Upper respiratory infection

3. Fever, sore throat

To help the adolescent deal with diabetes, the nurse needs to consider which of the following characteristics of adolescence? 1. Desire to be unique 2. Preoccupation with the future 3. Need to be perfect and similar to peers 4. Awareness of peers that diabetes is a severe disease

3. Need to be perfect and similar to peers

A child with hypopituitarism is being started on growth hormone therapy. Nursing considerations should be based on knowledge of which of the following? 1. Treatment is most successful if it is started during adolescence. 2. Treatment is considered successful if children attain full stature by adulthood. 3. Replacement therapy requires daily subcutaneous injections. 4. Replacement therapy will be required throughout child's lifetime.

3. Replacement therapy requires daily subcutaneous injections.

Which of the following statements best describes hypopituitarism? 1. Growth is normal during the first 3 years of life. 2. Weight is usually more retarded than height. 3. Skeletal proportions are normal for age. 4. Most of these children have subnormal intelligence.

3. Skeletal proportions are normal for age.

A child with hypoparathyroidism is receiving vitamin D therapy. The parents should be advised to watch for which of the following signs of vitamin D toxicity? 1. Headache, seizures 2. Excessive thirst, fatigue 3. Weakness, fatigue, nausea and vomiting 4. Anorexia, insomnia, nausea and vomiting

3. Weakness, fatigue, nausea and vomiting

Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex steroids are secreted by the: 1. thyroid gland. 2. parathyroid glands. 3. adrenal cortex. 4. anterior pituitary.

3. adrenal cortex.

The parents of a child who has just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes ask about exercise. The nurse should explain that: 1. exercise will increase blood sugar. 2. exercise should be restricted. 3. extra snacks are needed before exercise. 4. extra insulin is required during exercise.

3. extra snacks are needed before exercise.

The nurse is discussing with a child and family the various sites used for insulin injections. Which of the following sites usually has the fastest rate of absorption? 1. Arm 2. Leg 3. Buttock 4. Abdomen

4. Abdomen

A child eats some sugar cubes after experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. This rapid-releasing sugar should be followed by which of the following? 1. Protein 2. Fruit juice 3. Several glasses of water 4. Complex carbohydrate and protein

4. Complex carbohydrate and protein

Which of the following is considered a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus? 1. Nausea 2. Seizures 3. Impaired vision 4. Frequent urination

4. Frequent urination

Which of the following clinical manifestations may occur in the child who is receiving too much propylthiouracil for the treatment of hyperthyroidism (Graves disease)? 1. Seizures 2. Enlargement of all lymph glands 3. Pancreatitis or cholecystitis 4. Lethargy and somnolence

4. Lethargy and somnolence

Which of the following is the primary clinical manifestation of diabetes insipidus? 1. Oliguria 2. Glycosuria 3. Nausea, vomiting 4. Polyuria, polydipsia

4. Polyuria, polydipsia

Nursing care of a child diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone should include which of the following? 1. Encourage fluids. 2. Turn frequently. 3. Maintain NPO. 4. Restrict fluids.

4. Restrict fluids.

The nurse is caring for an adolescent who has just returned to his room after a thyroidectomy. Which of the following indicates complications and should be reported immediately? 1. Lethargy 2. Facial edema 3. Acute neck pain, hoarseness 4. Severe stridor, hoarseness, feeling of tightness in throat

4. Severe stridor, hoarseness, feeling of tightness in throat

Manifestations of hypoglycemia include which of the following? 1. Lethargy 2. Confusion 3. Nausea and vomiting 4. Shaky feeling and dizziness

4. Shaky feeling and dizziness

The nurse is teaching an adolescent about giving insulin injections. The adolescent asks if the disposable needles and syringes can be used more than once. The nurse's response should be based on knowledge that this is: 1. unsafe. 2. acceptable if families have very limited resources. 3. acceptable for up to 1 day. 4. acceptable for 1 to 3 days if they are stored in the refrigerator.

4. acceptable for 1 to 3 days if they are stored in the refrigerator.

The parent of a child with diabetes mellitus asks the nurse when urine testing will be necessary. The nurse should explain that urine testing for: 1. glucose is needed before administration of insulin. 2. glucose is needed four times a day. 3. ketones is needed when blood glucose is 180 mg/dl or higher when measured before three consecutive meals. 4. ketones is needed during an illness and when blood glucose is 240 mg/dl or higher when illness is not present.

4. ketones is needed during an illness and when blood glucose is 240 mg/dl or higher when illness is not present.

A child will start treatment for precocious puberty. This involves injections of synthetic: 1. thyrotropin. 2. gonadotropins. 3. somatotropic hormone. 4. luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.

4. luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.

Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is made when a child has classic signs of diabetes and a random blood glucose measurement equal to or greater than: 1. 200 mg/dl. 2. 300 mg/dl. 3. 400 mg/dl. 4. 500 mg/dl.

1. 200 mg/dl.

A child with growth hormone (GH) deficiency is receiving GH therapy. When is the best time for the GH to be administered? 1. At bedtime 2. After meals 3. Before meals 4. Arising in morning

1. At bedtime

The most important nursing consideration related to congenital hypothyroidism is which of the following? 1. Early identification using growth measurements 2. Facilitation of parent-infant attachment 3. Initiate referrals for mental retardation 4. Helping parents deal with future prospects for the child

1. Early identification using growth measurements

The nurse is planning care for a child recently diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. Which of the following should be included? 1. Encourage child to wear medical identification. 2. Discuss with child and family ways to limit fluid intake. 3. Teach child and family how to do required urine testing. 4. Reassure child and family that this is usually not a chronic or life-threatening illness.

1. Encourage child to wear medical identification.

During the summer many children are more physically active. What changes in the management of the child with diabetes should be expected as a result of more exercise? 1. Increased food intake 2. Decreased food intake 3. Increased risk of hyperglycemia 4. Decreased risk of insulin shock

1. Increased food intake