Endocrine-Function Alteration

Pancreatitis is commonly characterized by:

Edema and inflammation.

The nurse obtains a fingerstick glucose level of 45 mg/dl on the client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The client is alert and oriented, and the client's skin is warm and dry. How should the nurse intervene?

Obtain a repeat fingerstick glucose level

A nursing instructor asks a student to describe the pathophysiology that occurs in Cushing's disease. Which statement by the student indicates an accurate understanding of this disorder?

"Cushing's disease results from an increased pituitary secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone."

A client is taking Humulin NPH insulin daily every morning. The nurse instruct the client that the most likely time for a hypoglycemic reaction to occur is:

4 to 12 hours after administration

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has a Cushing's syndrome. Which client statement indicates that instruction related to dietary management are understood?

"I can eat foods that have a lot of potassium."

A nurse is instructing a client with Cushing's syndrome on follow-up care. Which of these statements, if made by the client, would indicate a need for further instruction?

"I need to avoid foods high in potassium."

A nurse visits a type 1 diabetes mellitus client who relates a history of vomiting and diarrhea and tells the nurse that no food has been consumed for the last 24 hours. Which additional statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

"I need to stop my insulin."

A nurse provides instruction to a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The nurse recognizes accurate understanding of measures to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis when the client states:

"I will notify my physician if my blood glucose level is higher than 250 mg/dl."

A client with diabetes mellitus has a highly elevated glycosylated haemoglobin (Hb) test result. In discussing the result with the client, the nurse would be most accurate in stating:

"It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months."

A client with diabetes mellitus is having trouble remembering the types, duration, and onset of the action of insulin. The client tells the nurse that the family members have not been supportive. The nurse's best response to the client is:

"Let me go over the types of insulin with you again."

A nurse is interviewing a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the treatment for this disorder?

"The medications I'm taking help release the insulin I already make."

A client received 20 units of Humulin NPH insulin subcutaneously at 8:00 A.M. A nurse should assess the client for a hypoglycemic reaction at:

5:00 PM

A nurse is performing an assessment on a client with pheochromocytoma. Which of the following assessment data would indicate a potential complication associated with the dsorder?

A heart rate that is 90 beats/min and irregular

A nurse is performing an assessment on a client with a diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Which of the following would the nurse expect to note on assessment of the client

A rounded "moon-like" appearance to the face

Laboratory studies indicate a client's blood glucose level is 185 mg/dl. Two hours have passed since the client ate breakfast. Which test would yield the most conclusive diagnostic information about the client's glucose utilization?

A test of serum glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c)

For a client with hyperthyroidism, treatment is most likely to include:

A thyroid hormone antagonist

Before discharge, what should a client with Addison's disease be instructed to do when exposed to periods of stress?

Administer hydrocortisone

A client with a history of hypertension is diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism. This diagnosis indicates that the client's hypertension is caused by excessive hormone secretion from which gland?

Adrenal cortex

The nurse is teaching the client about risk factors for diabetes mellitus. Which risk factor for diabetes mellitus is non-modifiable?

Advance age

Nursing measures for pain relief for pancreatitis include:

All of the choices

The nurse is assessing a client with Cushing's syndrome. Which observation should the nurse reports to the physician immediately?

An irregular apical pulse

When caring for a client who's being treated for hyperthyroidism, it's important to:

Balance the client's periods of activity and rest

A nurse is performing an assessment on a client with a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Which assessment finding would the nurse expect to note in this client?

Bulging eyeballs

A client is diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. A nurse prepares a plan of care for the client; while planning, the nurse understands that pheochromocytoma is a condition that:

Causes the release of excessive amounts of catecholamines

A client with diabetes mellitus demonstrates acute anxiety when first admitted for the treatment of hyperglycemia. The appropriate intervention to decrease the client's anxiety is to:

Convey empathy, trust and respect toward the client

A client is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which assessment finding best support a nursing diagnosis of Ineffective coping related to diabetes mellitus?

Crying whenever diabetes is mentioned

A nurse is performing an assessment on a client with a diagnosis of myxedema (hypothyroidism). Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect to note this client?

Dry skin

The client is being evaluated for hypothyroidism. During assessment, the nurse should stay alert for:

Decreased body temperature and cold intolerance

A nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with diabetes mellitus who has hyperglycemia. The priority nursing diagnosis would be:

Deficient fluid volume

Which finding best indicates that the nursing assistant has an understanding of blood glucose meter use?

Demonstrating correct technique

A client becomes upset when the physician diagnoses diabetes mellitus as the cause of current signs and symptoms. The client tells the nurse, "This must be a mistake. No one in my family has ever had diabetes." Based on this statement, the nurse suspects the client is using which coping mechanism?

Denial

The nurse is assessing a client with possible Cushing's syndrome. In client with Cushing's syndrome, the nurse would expect to find:

Deposits of adipose tissue in the trunk and dorsocervical area

A client with Cushing's syndrome is admitted to the medical-surgical unit. During the admission assessment, the nurse notes that the client is agitated and irritable, has poor memory, reports loss of appetite, and appears disheveled. These findings are consistent with which problem?

Depression

A nurse has developed a nursing diagnosis of risk for Disturbed body image for a client with a diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. The nurse identifies nursing interventions related to this nursing diagnosis and includes these interventions in the plan of care. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention?

Encourage the client to recognize that the body changes need to be dealt with

When teaching a client with Cushing's syndrome about dietary changes, the nurse should instruct the client to increase intake of:

Fresh fruits

When teaching a client with insulin therapy, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid which over-the counter preparation that can interact with insulin?

Salicylate preparations

A nurse is assigned to the care of a client who has an altered production of cortisol. The nurse anticipates that the client is experiencing difficulty with synthesis of which of the following types of substances?

Glucocorticoids

The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing which substance?

Glucocorticoids and androgens

A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse about taking an oral antidiabetic agent. The nurse explains that these medications are only effective if the client:

Has type 2 diabetes

Hyperthyroidism is caused by increased levels of thyroxine in blood plasma. A client with this endocrine dysfunction would experience:

Heat intolerance and systolic hypertension

A client with a history of Addison's disease and flu like symptoms accompanied by nausea and vomiting over the past week is brought to the facility. When he woke this morning, his wife noticed that he acted confused and was extremely week. The client's blood pressure is 90/58 mm Hg, his pulse is 116 beats/minute, and his temperature is 38.3°C. A diagnosis of acute adrenal insufficiency is made. What would the nurse expect to administer by I.V. infusion?

Hydrocortisone

Which condition would the nurse expect to find in a client diagnosed with hyperthyroidism?

Hypercalcemia

A nurse is providing instructions to a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The nurse gives the client a list of the signs of hypoglycemia. Which of the following specific signs of the complication is included on the list?

Increased thirst

A nurse is caring for a postoperative parathyroidectomy client. Which client complaint would indicate that a serious, life-threatening complication may be developing, requiring immediate notification of the physician?

Laryngeal stridor

Which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority for a client with hyperthyroidism?

Less than body requirements related to thyroid hormone excess

The nurse teaches a client with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism about the need for thyroid hormone replacement therapy to restore normal thyroid function. Which thyroid preparation is the agent of choice for thyroid hormone replacement therapy?

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

Following a unilateral adrenalectomy, the nurse would assess for hyperkalemia as indicated by:

Muscle weakness

In a 28-year-old female client who is being successfully treated for Cushing's syndrome, the nurse would expect a decline in:

Serum glucose level

A major symptom of pancreatitis that brings the patient to medical care is:

Severe abdominal pain.

A client with Addison's disease comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. When assessing this client, the nurse should stay alert for signs and symptoms of:

Sodium and potassium abnormalities

The nursing care for the client in addisonian crisi should include which intervention?

Placing the client in a private room

A nurse is completing an assessment on a client who is being admitted for a diagnostic workup for primary hyperparathyroidism. Which client compliant would be characteristic of this disorder?

Polyuria

A nurse is monitoring a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus for signs of complications. Which of the following, if exhibited in the client, would indicate hyperglycemia and warrant physician notification?

Polyuria

A client visits the physician's office complaining of agitation, restlessness, and weight loss. The physical examination reveals exophthalmos, a classic sign of Graves' disease. Based on the history and physical findings, the nurse suspects hyperthyroidism. Exophthalmos is characterised by:

Protruding eyes and a fixed stare

The nurse should expect a client with hypothyroidism to report which health concern(s)?

Puffiness of the face and hands

A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of Hypoparathyroidism. The nurse reviews the laboratory results of blood tests for this client and notes that the calcium level is extremely low. The nurse would expect to note which of the following on assessment of the client?

Positive Trousseau's sign

A client is transferred to a rehabilitation center after being treated in the hospital for a stroke. Because the client has a history of Cushing's syndrome (hypercortisolism) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of:

Risk for impaired skin integrity related to tissue catabolism secondary to cortisol hypersecretion

Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for the client with Addison's disease?

Risk for infection

The nurse explains to a client with thyroid disease that the thyroid gland normally produces:

T3, T4 and calcitonin

A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is to begin an exercise program, and the nurse is providing instructions regarding the program. Which of the following does the nurse include in the teaching plan?

Take a blood glucose test before exercising

Which important instruction concerning the administration of Levothyroxine (Synthroid) should the nurse teach a client?

Take the drug on an empty stomach."

A nurse is providing instructions to a client with a diagnosis of Addison's disease regarding the administration of prescribed glucocorticoids. The nurse should instruct the client:

That an increased dose of medication may be needed during times of stress

The client with Cushing's syndrome verbalizes concern to the nurse regarding the appearance of the buffalo hump that has developed. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate?

Usually these physical changes slowly improve following treatment."

A nurse is caring for a client with pheochromocytoma who is scheduled for adrenalectomy. In the preoperative period, the priority nursing action would be to monitor:

Vital signs

The nurse is assessing a client with hyperthyroidism. What findings should the nurse expect?

Weight loss, nervousness, and tachycardia