Endocrine - ISLAM

Neurons of the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture A) ADH B) FSH C) TSH D) GH E) oxytocin

E) oxytocin

Endocrine organs can be regulated by all of the following except, A) direct neural stimulation B) changes in the composition of the extracellular fluid C) releasing hormones from the hypothalamus D) changes in the genetic make up of certain hypothalamic cells E) hormones from other endocrine glands

D) changes in the genetic make up of certain hypothalamic cells

The most complex endocrine responses involve the A) thyroid gland. B) pancreas. C) suprarenal glands. D) hypothalamus. E) thymus gland.

D) hypothalamus.

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative, except A) epinephrine. B) norepinephrine. C) thyroid hormone. D) thyroid-stimulating hormone. E) melatonin.

D) thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Which of the following statements concerning peptide hormones is false? A) Peptide hormones are always found in the blood stream bound to carrier proteins B) Peptide hormones remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time C) Prohormones can be activated before or after their release D) Peptide hormones are first synthesized as prohormones E) Peptide hormones interact with receptors on the surface of their target cells

A) Peptide hormones are always found in the blood stream bound to carrier proteins

Peptide hormones are A) composed of amino acids. B) produced by the suprarenal glands. C) derived from the amino acid tyrosine. D) lipids. E) chemically related to cholesterol.

A) composed of amino acids.

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of A) ACTH. B) ADH. C) oxytocin. D) TSH. E) LH.

B) ADH.

The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis is A) ADH B) MSH C) FSH D) ACTH E) TSH

B) MSH

Hormones that control the function of the anterior pituitary glands are released from the _______ of the hypothalamus A) supraoptic nuclei B) median eminence C) infundibulum D) geniculate bodies E) paraventricular nuclei

B) median eminence

The hormone oxytocin A) governs the ovarian cycle B) promoted the uterine contractions C) governs the levels of tissue androgens

B) promoted the uterine contractions

All of the following are true of steroid hormones, except that they A) are produced by reproductive glands. B) are derived from cholesterol. C) are produced by the adrenal medulla. D) bind to receptors within the cell. E) are lipids.

C) are produced by the adrenal medulla.

Steroid hormones A) are proteins. B) cannot diffuse through cell membranes. C) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells. D) remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time. E) are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma.

C) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

Endocrine cells: A) contain very few vesicles B) release their secretions onto an epithelial surface C) release their secretions directly into body fluids D) are a type of nerve cell E) are modified connective tissue

C) release their secretions directly into body fluids

When adenyl cyclase is activated, A) ATP is consumed. B) cAMP is formed. C) cAMP is broken down. D) ATP is produced. E) ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed.

E) ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed.

Steroid hormones A) bind to receptors on the surface of the cell B) function by way of the second messenger system C) cannot diffuse through the cell membrane D) function by activating cAMP E) bind to intracellular receptors

E) bind to intracellular receptors

When steroid hormones bind to their receptors A) protein kinases are activated B) cyclic nucleotides are formed C) G proteins are inhibited D) adenyl cyclase is activated E) gene transcription occurs

E) gene transcription occurs

A cell's hormonal sensitivities are determined by the A) shape of the hormone molecules B) chemical nature of the hormone C) thickness of the cell membrane D) quantity of circulating hormone E) presence or absence of appropriate receptors

E) presence or absence of appropriate receptors

The hypothalamus control secretions of the anterior pituitary by way of the A) direct neural stimulation B) gap junctions C) direct mechanical control D) altering ion concentrations in the anterior pituitary E) releasing and inhibiting hormones

E) releasing and inhibiting hormones

Each of the following hormones is produced by the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis, except A) TSH B) ACTH C) ADH D) FSH E) GH

C) ADH

The posterior pituitary gland secretes A) TSH B) FSH C) ADH D) ACTH E) MSH

C) ADH

Hormones known as 'catecholamines' are A) produced by reproductive glands B) peptides C) derivatives of amino acids D) steroids E) lipids

C) derivatives of amino acids

When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the A) hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm. B) cell membrane becomes depolarized. C) second messenger appears in the cytoplasm. D) cell becomes inactive. E) hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of DNA.

C) second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.

The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually A) cAMP. B) cGMP. C) adenyl cyclase. D) G protein. E) calcium ion levels.

D) G protein.

Hormones can alter cellular operations by changing all of the following except the: A) identities of enzymes in a cell B) properties of important enzymes in a cell C) quantities of enzymes in a cell D) permeability of the nuclear membrane E) activities of enzymes in a cell

D) permeability of the nuclear membrane

All are true of the endocrine system, except: A) produces effects that can last for hours B) functions to control ongoing metabolic processes C) releases hormone that alter the metabolic activities of many different tissues and organs simultaneously D) produces specific responses to internal stimuli E) releases chemical into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body

D) produces specific responses to internal stimuli