Endocrine practice test

The nursing instructor asks a student to describe the pathophysiology that occurs in Cushing's disease. Which statement by the student indicates an accurate understanding of this disorder? 1. "Cushing's disease is characterized by an oversecretion of insulin." 2. "Cushing's disease is characterized by an oversecretion of glucocorticoid hormones." 3. "Cushing's disease is characterized by an undersecretion of corticotropic hormones." 4. "Cushing's disease is characterized by an undersecretion of glucocorticoid hormones."

"Cushing's disease is characterized by an oversecretion of glucocorticoid hormones."

The nurse is monitoring a client who has been newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus for signs of complications. Which statement made by the client would indicate hyperglycemia and thus warrant health care provider notification? 1. "I am urinating a lot." 2. "My pulse is really slow." 3. "I am sweating for no reason." 4. "My blood pressure is really high."

"I am urinating a lot."

The nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has Cushing's syndrome. Which statement by the client indicates that the instructions related to dietary management were understood? 1. "I can eat foods that contain potassium." 2. "I will need to limit the amount of protein in my diet." 3. "I am fortunate that I can eat all the salty foods I enjoy." 4. "I am fortunate that I do not need to follow any special diet."

"I can eat foods that contain potassium."

The nurse provides dietary instructions to a client with diabetes mellitus regarding the prescribed diabetic diet. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching? 1. "I'll eat a balanced meal plan." 2. "I need to drink diet soft drinks." 3. "I need to buy special dietetic foods." 4. "I will snack on fruit instead of cake."

"I need to buy special dietetic foods."

A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus calls the nurse to report recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia. Which statement by the client indicates a correct understanding of Humulin N insulin and exercise? 1. "I should not exercise after lunch." 2. "I should not exercise after breakfast." 3. "I should not exercise in the late evening." 4. "I should not exercise in the late afternoon."

"I should not exercise in the late afternoon."

When the nurse is reinforcing instructions to a client who has been newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus, which statement by the client would indicate that teaching has been effective? 1. "I will stop taking my insulin if I'm too sick to eat." 2. "I will decrease my insulin dose during times of illness." 3. "I will adjust my insulin dose according to the level of glucose in my urine." 4. "I will notify my health care provider if my blood glucose level is consistently greater than 250 mg/dL."

"I will notify my health care provider if my blood glucose level is consistently greater than 250 mg/dL."

A client received 20 units of NPH insulin subcutaneously at 8:00 am. The nurse should check the client for a potential hypoglycemic reaction at which time? 1. 5:00 pm 2. 10:00 am 3. 11:00 am 4. 11:00 pm

5:00 pm

The nurse is assisting with preparing a teaching plan for the client with diabetes mellitus regarding proper foot care. Which instruction should be included in the plan of care? 1. Soak the feet in hot water. 2. Avoid using soap to wash the feet. 3. Apply a moisturizing lotion to dry feet, but not between the toes. 4. Always have a podiatrist cut your toenails; never cut them yourself.

Apply a moisturizing lotion to dry feet, but not between the toes.

Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is prescribed for the treatment of diabetes insipidus. The nurse monitors the client after medication administration for which therapeutic response? 1. Decreased urinary output 2. Decreased blood pressure 3. Decreased peripheral edema 4. Decreased blood glucose level

Decreased urinary output

The home care nurse is visiting a client who was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client is prescribed repaglinide (Prandin) and metformin (Glucophage) and asks the nurse to explain these medications. The nurse should reinforce which instructions to the client? Select all that apply. 1. Diarrhea can occur secondary to the metformin. 2. The repaglinide is not taken if a meal is skipped. 3. The repaglinide is taken 30 minutes before eating. 4. Candy or another simple sugar is carried and used to treat mild hypoglycemia episodes. 5. Metformin increases hepatic glucose production to prevent hypoglycemia associated with repaglinide. 6. Muscle pain is an expected side effect of metformin and may be treated with acetaminophen (Tylenol).

Diarrhea can occur secondary to the metformin. The repaglinide is not taken if a meal is skipped. The repaglinide is taken 30 minutes before eating. Candy or another simple sugar is carried and used to treat mild hypoglycemia episodes.

The nurse educator is asking the nursing student to recall the signs/symptoms of hypothyroidism. The nurse educator determines that the student understands this disorder if which are included in the student's response? Select all that apply. 1. Dry skin 2. Irritability 3. Palpitations 4. Weight loss 5. Constipation 6. Cold intolerance

Dry skin Constipation Cold intolerance

The nurse is monitoring a client receiving levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid) for hypothyroidism. Which findings indicate the presence of a side effect associated with this medication? Select all that apply. 1. Insomnia 2. Weight loss 3. Bradycardia 4. Constipation 5. Mild heat intolerance

Insomnia Weight loss Mild heat intolerance

The nurse should expect to note which interventions in the plan of care for a client with hypothyroidism? Select all that apply. 1. Provide a cool environment for the client. 2. Instruct the client to consume a high-fat diet. 3. Instruct the client about thyroid replacement therapy. 4. Encourage the client to consume fluids and high-fiber foods in the diet. 5. Inform the client that iodine preparations will be prescribed to treat the disorder. 6. Instruct the client to contact the health care provider if episodes of chest pain occur.

Instruct the client about thyroid replacement therapy. Encourage the client to consume fluids and high-fiber foods in the diet Instruct the client to contact the health care provider if episodes of chest pain occur.

The nurse is caring for a postoperative parathyroidectomy client. Which would require the nurse's immediate attention? 1. Incisional pain 2. Laryngeal stridor 3. Difficulty voiding 4. Abdominal cramps

Laryngeal stridor

S/S acromegaly

Lips thicken, nose enlarges, bulge in forehead, hands and feet enlarge, bone pain

Which nursing action would be appropriate to implement when a client has a diagnosis of pheochromocytoma? 1. Weigh the client. 2. Test the client's urine for glucose. 3. Monitor the client's blood pressure. 4. Palpate the client's skin to determine warmth.

Monitor the client's blood pressure.

The nurse notes that a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has lipodystrophy on both upper thighs. Which further information should the nurse obtain from the client during data collection? 1. Plan for injection rotation 2. Consistency of aspiration 3. Preparation of the injection site 4. Angle at which the medication is administered

Plan for injection rotation

The nurse assists in developing a plan of care for a client with hyperparathyroidism receiving calcitonin-human (Cibacalcin). Which outcome has the highest priority regarding this medication? 1. Relief of pain 2. Absence of side effects 3. Reaching normal serum calcium levels 4. Verbalization of appropriate medication knowledge

Reaching normal serum calcium levels

The nurse is collecting data regarding a client after a thyroidectomy and notes that the client has developed hoarseness and a weak voice. Which nursing action is appropriate? 1. Check for signs of bleeding. 2. Administer calcium gluconate. 3. Notify the registered nurse immediately. 4. Reassure the client that this is usually a temporary condition.

Reassure the client that this is usually a temporary condition.

A client who has been newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus has been stabilized with daily insulin injections. Which teaching information should the nurse reinforce upon discharge? 1. Keep insulin vials refrigerated at all times. 2. Rotate the insulin injection sites systematically. 3. Increase the amount of insulin before unusual exercise. 4. Monitor the urine acetone level to determine the insulin dosage.

Rotate the insulin injection sites systematically.

The nurse reinforces teaching with a client with diabetes mellitus regarding differentiating between hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. The client demonstrates an understanding of the teaching by stating that glucose will be taken if which symptom develops? 1. Polyuria 2. Shakiness 3. Blurred vision 4. Fruity breath odor

Shakiness

The nurse is caring for a client after a thyroidectomy and notes that calcium gluconate is prescribed for the client. The nurse determines that this medication has been prescribed for which reason? 1. Treat thyroid storm. 2. Prevent cardiac irritability. 3. Treat hypocalcemic tetany. 4. Stimulate the release of parathyroid hormone.

Treat hypocalcemic tetany

Which client complaint should alert the nurse to a possible hypoglycemic reaction? 1. Tremors and double vision 2. Anorexia and blurred vision 3. Hot, dry skin and weakness 4. Muscle cramps and elevated temperature

Tremors and double vision

The nurse is caring for a client with pheochromocytoma. The client is scheduled for an adrenalectomy. During the preoperative period, the priority nursing action should be to monitor which criterion? 1. Vital signs 2. Intake and output 3. Urine for glucose and acetone 4. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level

Vital signs

The nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client regarding how to mix regular insulin and NPH insulin in the same syringe. Which action performed by the client indicates the need for further teaching? 1. Withdraws the NPH insulin first 2. Withdraws the regular insulin first 3. Injects air into NPH insulin vial first 4. Injects an amount of air equal to the desired dose of insulin into the vial

Withdraws the NPH insulin first

What can happen after a hypophysectomy if there is an increase in intracranial pressure?

cerebrospinal fluid leak

a complication of hypophysectomy is what?

diabetes insipidus

growth hormone antagonizes _______ resulting in _________

insulin, hyperglycemia

After a hypophysectomy, the treatment for benign pituitary adenoma, the patient should remain in what position to promote drainage?

semi-Fowler's

growth hormone deficiency in childhood leads to what?

short stature (3-4 feet tall) but normal body proportions, slow sexual maturation, and mental retardation

S/S benign pituitary adenoma

visual disturbance, headache, personality changes, weakness and fatigue, vague complaints of abdominal pain