endocrine system
Which of the following is true about calcium homeostasis?
Parathyroid hormone is the single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood.
Parathyroid
Produces a hormone that controls blood levels of calcium and potassium by their removal from bone tissue.
Pancreas
Produces hormones that regulate glucose levels in the body.
thyroid
Produces the body's major metabolic hormones.
Adrenal medulla
The gland that controls the fight-or-flight reaction.
Hypophysis
The size and shape of a pea; produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands
Autocrine activity
Those that act on the same cell that secretes them
ParacrineActivity
Uses chemical signals to transfer information from cell to cell within single tissue --Most common form of intercellular communication
Which of the following would be associated with the action of steroids on cells?
a hormone-receptor complex that interacts directly with the cell's DNA
The most important regulator of electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids is
aldosterone
The major targets of growth hormone are
bones and skeletal muscles
Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of
cortisol
Thyroid hormone exerts its influence by
entering some cells and binding to intracellular receptors within the nuclei
Steroid hormones exert their action by
entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
When it becomes necessary to enlist the fight-or-flight response, a hormone that is released during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome is
epinephrine
Aldosterone
functions to increase sodium reabsorption
Hormone secreting cells:
hypothalamus, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, testes, kidneys, stomach, liver, small intestine, skin, heart, adipose tissue and placental
The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract
is partly contained within the infundibulum
The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because
it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release
Endocrine glands include the
pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pineal glands
Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second-messenger systems include
possible activation of several different second-messenger systems
Endocrine glands
secrete hormones
Exocrine glands
secrete their products into ducts
ACTH
secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic secretion
Exocrine glands include
sudoriferous (sweat) glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, mucous glands, digestive glands and several other throughout the body
The parathyroid glands maintain adequate levels of blood calcium. This is accomplished through
targeting the bone and activating osteoclasts so that calcium will be released
Which of the choices below is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction?
type of hormone
