Endocrine System Lecture

Alcohol increases urine output by inhibiting

Anti-diuretic hormone

_______________causes the kidney to reduce the amount of water they excrete, and is "the water retaining hormone".

Anti-diuretic hormone

A pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal cortex which raises blood pressure.

False

Alcohol is known to be a potent anti-diuretic

False

Circadian rhythms are those that involve fluctuations that usually last several days

False

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate is a lipid that causes that causes the target effects seen with some hormones.

False

Diabetes insipidus is a condition that results in edema and swelling because of an excess of ADH.

False

Hormones exert their effect by causing organs to perform functions they could not otherwise perform.

False

Nonsteroid hormones are called second messengers because they influence the binding site first and then the activity site second.

False

Oxytocin is a protein secreted by the posterior pituitary.

False

Prostaglandins are considered hormones which are stored within cells and released on demand.

False

The cells that are stimulated by hormones are referred to as its receptors.

False

The levels of insulin in the blood are maintained at relatively stable, homeostatic amounts.

False

The pancreas is an endocrine and exocrine gland that secretes insulin from the alpha cells.

False

The pituitary is located within the sella turcica of the ethmoid bone, and is attached to the thalamus by the infundibulum.

Flase

Which of the following is not produced by the pituitary? a.ACTH b.FSH c.ICSH d.GHRH

GHRH

In early childhood, a lack of ___________results in dwarfism, and an over-secretion results in giantism.

Growth Hormone

Which hormone controls the ability to produce melanin? a.ACTH b.MSH c.FSH d.melanoctye

MSH

The hormone_______causes the breast the increase its synthesis of milk.

PRL

______________ are substances present in small quantities that have powerful hormone-like effects.

Prostaglandin

Which of the two general types of hormones is most easily taken in through a cell memebrane.

Steroid

_________________ hormones seem to exert their effect by activating or suppressing the actions of specific genes.

Steroid

The hormone________ is the most potent of the thyroid hormones.

T3

____________ is a hormone that controls the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland.

TSH

An organ can belong to the digestive and endocrine systems simultaneously.

True

As blood levels of thyroid hormones increase, the secretions of TRH and TSH are reduced.

True

Cancer cells can produce hormones that affect blood sugar and blood calcium levels.

True

Cortisone can inhibit inflammation

True

Cretinism is a condition of physical and mental retardation that is the result of a deficiency of thyroxine.

True

Hormones secreted by the adrenal gland can have direct neurological effects.

True

It is possible to have high levels of TSH but a decrease in the levels of thyroxine.

True

Male sex hormones can be produced by the testes or adrenal glands.

True

Prostaglandins are known to cause the smooth muscle of the uterus to contract.

True

Steroid hormones have their effect on the nucleus and genes of a target cell.

True

The hypothalamus of the brain has osmoreceptors, which are sensitive to changes in blood concentrations.

True

The pituitary and adrenal gland can be controlled by the direct influence of the nervous system.

True

Thyroxine production can be increase by TSH or antibodies.

True

Various protein kinases are enzymes that stimulate cells to increase their metabolic activities.

True

ADH has the ability to increase blood pressure by constricting blood vessels and is also called_______.

Vasopressin

Hormonal secretion are most commonly controlled by a.a positive feedback mechanism b.a negative feedback mechanism c.the production of regulatory enzymes d.the production of regulatory lipids

a negative feedback mechanism

This is the surgical removal of the adrenal glands. a.adrenalectomy b.exopthalmos c.hirsutism d.thymectomy

adrenalectomy

An example of a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex is a.calcitonin b.ADH c.aldosterone d. none of the preceding

aldosterone

Which of the following is not a pancreatic hormone? a.glucagon d.aldosterone c.insulin d.somatostatin

aldosterone

Chemically, hormones are steroids, proteins, peptides, or _____________.

amines

Which of the following is released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? a.thyroid-stimulating hormone b.adrenocorticotropic hormone c.growth hormone d.antidiuretic hormone

antidiuretic hormone

In the general stress syndrome, all of the following are increased except which one? a. blood sugar b.heart rate c.blood pressure d. digestion

digestion

What is the most active form of vitamin D? a.7-dehydrochoesterol b.hyroxycholecalciferol c.cholecalciferol d.dihydroxycholecalciterol

dihydroxycholecalciterol

Glands that secrete their products directly into the blood are called: a.endocrine glands b.exocrine glands c.heterocrine glands d.duct glands

endocrine glands

Another name for adrenalin is________.

epinephrine

Which of the following is the last step in the sequence of hormones synthesis in the adrenal medulla? a.tyrosine b.dopamine c.epinephrine d.norepinephrine

epinephrine

The hormone_________from the kidneys stimulates red blood cell production.

erythropoetin

Glands that secrete their products into ducts are called a.endocrine gland b.exocrine gland c.heterocrine glands d.ducted glands

exocrine glands

At times the phyothalamus reacts to stress by activating the____________response.

fight or flight

Which of the following hormones exerts its effect primarily upon the reproductive organs: a.follicle-stimulating hormone b.adrenocorticotropic hormone c.prolactin releasing factor d.thyrotropin

follicle-stimulating hormone

Grave's disease can cause all of these except which one? a.exophthalmos b.a positive autoimmune test c.general edema d.intolerance to heat

general edema

The ultimate action of a steroid hormone may be: a.the target cell membrane b.genetic material c.neither of these d.both of these

genetic material

This hormone secreted by the Islets of Langerhan increases blood glucose levels a.aldosterone b.calcitonin c.renin d.glucagon

glucagon

Which hormones stimulates Gluconeogenesis.

glucagon

MODY or maturity onset diabetes of the young is related to the gene defect in producing the enzyme________.

glucokinase

Which of the following is an incorrect association? a.somatotropes;GH b.thyrotropes;TSH c.mammatropes;PRL d.gonadotropes;ACTH

gonadotropes;ACTH

Which of these will decrease the release of growth hormones? a.high protein diet b.GRH c.low 55 levels d.poor nutrition

high protein diet

This is a deficiency in blood glucose a.hypocalcemia b.hypoglycemia c.hyperglycemia d.achrondoplasia

hypoglycemia

Releasing factors from the hypothalamus are carried to the anterior pituitary through special vessels called_________.

hypophyseal portal vein

Where are releasing hormones secreted into?

hypophyseal portal vein

The surgical removal of the pituitary gland is called a __________.

hypophysectomy

Releasing hormones are produced by the?

hypothalamus

Which of the following directly influences or controls the other areas? a.anterior pituitary b.thyroid gland c.hypothalamus d.ovary and testis

hypothalamus

Osteoporosis most likely results from a.a deficiency of dietary calcium b.increased calcitonin levels c.increased PTH secretion d.osteitis fibrosa

increased PTH secretion

Which of the following is not a symptom of hyperthyroidism? a.loss of weight b.increased mental awareness c.increased heart rate d.increased ability to sleep

increased ability to sleep

Which of the following is not true of calcitonin? a.increases bone calcium deposition b.increases blood calcium c.decreases blood calcium d.inhibits osteoclasts

increases blood calcium

In NIDDM, the patient is usually over forty and has normal levels of _________.

insulin

The thyroid gland has a special ability to remove_______from the blood.

iodine

Chemicals called__________ result from lipid metabolism in IDDM causing acidosis to occur.

ketones

Which organ produces a hormone which stimulates the production of blood cells? a. kidney b.heart c.liver d.pancreas

kidney

What is the final factor in the synthesis of the active form of vitamin D? a. kidney function b.the diet c.intestinal conversion d.sunlight on the skin

kidney function

Prostaglandins are_____________ that affect various functions.

lipids

Which of these is an example of negative feedback? a.insuline lowers blood sugar b.GH causes osteoblast division c.PTH raises blood calcium levels d.low blood sugar inhibits insulin

low blood sugar inhibits insuline

The central portion of the adrenal gland is the adrenal

medulla

The fetal intermediate lobe of the pituitary secretes________.

melanocyte stimulating hormone

Circadian Rhythms are regulated by

melatonin

Which of the following is not consistent with a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism? a.fatigue b.soft,deformed bones c.muscle cramps d.decreased calcium

muscle cramps

The inherited cancer syndrome called multiple endocrine________ results in diverse endocrine conditions.

neoplasia

The two Systems that act to control all body activities are the endocrine and _____ System.

nervous

The hormone administered to promote labor is Pitocin or____________.

oxytocin

Which hormone plays the greatest role in the contractions that occur in the uterus during labor?

oxytocin

______________can cause muscles in the uterine wall to contract and is thought to play a role in childbirth.

oxytocin

The___________ is an endocrine gland that is located below the stomach and is attached to the small intestine.

pancreas

Prostaglandins are defined as_________substances.

paracrine

The______ directly antagonizes the effect of calcitonin.

parathormone

Which factor inactivates and decreases the levels of cAMP?

phosphodiesterase

The hormone melatonin is secreted from the _______ gland.

pineal

The_________gland is located deep between the cerebral hemispheres.

pineal gland

Excessive eating is a.hypoglycemia b.hypergluttony c.polyphagia d.androgemy

polyphagia

____________ promotes breast development and stimulates milk production.

prolactin

Menstrual cramping could be promoted by paracrines such as the

prostaglandin

Which factor is a direct cause of the rhematoid arthritis symptoms? a.prostaglandin b.cortisone c.cortisol d.arachidonic acid

prostaglandin

Which of the following is not a property of prostaglandins? a.regulate blood pressure b.effect reproductive functions c.influence kidney Na+ movement d.all of these are functions

regulate blood pressure effect reproductive functions influence kidney Na+ movement

Which of the following is the factor that initiates the other steps? a.renin b.angiotensin I c.angiotensin converting enzyme d.aldosterone

renin

Which of the following glands does not belong to the endocrine system? a.pituitary b.thyroid c.parathyroid d.salivary

salivary

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland? a.sebaceous gland b.thyroid gland c.adrenal gland d.pituitary gland

sebaceous gland

The cartilage of bones is stimulated by

somatomedin

The liver secretes____________in response to GH stimulation.

somatomedin

The hormone SS or________inhibits GH secretion.

somatostatin

Which of these is not produced by the anterior pituitary? a.ACTH b.follicle stimulating hormone c.somatostatin d.somatotropin

somatostatin

Which of the following directly stimulates mitosis? a.insulin b.somatotropin c.corticotropin d.growth hormone releasing hormone

somatotropin

Hormones such as testosterone or vitamin D are chemically classed as_________.

steroids

The testes secrete the hormone___________.

testosterone

Which of the following have the most potent effect on increasing metabolic rate? a.thyroxine b.thryoglobulin c.triiodothyronine d.alpha globulin

triiodothyronine

The amino acids phenylalanine and_________ are the precursors to the catecholamines.

tyrosine

The following relate to Cushing's syndrome except which one? a.moon face and buffalo hump b.under secretion of ACTH c.over secretion of ACTH d.hyperglycemia

under secretion of ACTH

The enzyme__________initiates the cAMP mediated mode of hormones stimulation.

adenylate cyclase

Which of these compounds is produced first? a.cAMP b.protein kinases c.adenylate cyclase d. ATP

adenylate cyclase

This endocrine gland lies above each kidney.__________

adrenal gland

The hormone that controls the production and secretion of certain adrenal cortex hormones is a.HGH b.ACTH c.ICSH d.FSH

ACTH

_________ is a hormone that controls the secretion of certain hormones from the adrenal cortex.

ACTH

Which hormone decreases the production of urine?

ADH

Which of the following does not chemically belong with the other hormones? a.ADH b.PTH c.GH d.LH

ADH

Which of these does not belong with the others? a.LH b.FSH c.ADH d.ICSH

ADH

The thyroid hormone_________ helps to regulate the level of blood calcium.

Calcitonin

George Bush was diagnosed to have_________ along side his wife Barbara.

Hyperthyroidism

One of the side effects of steroid use by athletes is an elevation in blood_________levels which promotes coronary artery disease.

LDL

Which hormone is most closely involved with ovulation? a.prolactin b.LH c.FSH d.estrogen

LH

The heart secretes ANF or atrial___________factor which stimulates the secretion of sodium by the kidneys.

Natriuretic

Which group of hormones require binding sites on the cell membrane of the target cell? a.steroid hormones b.non-steroid hormones c.they both do d.neither

Non-steroid hormones

Lymphocyte production is stimulated by

Thymosin

Excess growth hormone is a 23-year-old could cause the development of________ which involves skeletal deformities.

acromegaly

The condition called________ occurs in adulthood and is evidenced by thickened skull bones and distortions in the arms and hands.

acromegaly

Which of these is more true of cortisol? a. stimulates gluconeogenesis b.decreases blood glucose c.decreases protein synthesis d.stimulated by ACTH

decreases blood glucose

Which of the following does not belong with the others? a.calcium b.thyroxine c.iodine d.tyrosine

calcium

All of the following are true of insulin except with one? a.can cause hypoglycemia b.can cause hyperglycemia c.produced in the islets of Langerhans d.antagonized by glucagon

can cause hyperglycemia

Which of the following is not a chemical class of hormones? a.protein b.steroid c.glycoprotein d.carbohydrate

carbohydrate

Which of the following is the precursor that will result in the synthesis of the others? a.testosterone b.cholesterol c.aldosterone d.estrogen

cholesterol

Which of these is not a steroid? a.adrenaline b.cholesterol c.progesterone d.cortisone

cholesterol

Which of the following is not a hormone function? a.increase cellular oxygen consumption b.cause osteoblasts to divide c.convert fibroblasts to osteoblasts d.alter genetic expression

convert fibroblasts to osteoblasts

Which of the following does not belong with the others? a.adrenalin b.epinephrine c.cortisol d.norepinephrine

cortisol

Which of the following does not employ cAMP second messengers? a.cortisol b.TSH c.FSH d.parathormone

cortisol

Which of the following is not true of thyroxine? a.needed for normal mental growth b.increases carbohydrate utilization c.decreases lipid synthesis d.decreases protein synthesis

decreases protein synthesis

Insuline causes a.decrease in the level of blood glucose b. a decrease in the permeability of cell membranes to glucose c.an increase in the production of glucose from glycogen d.non of the preceding

decrease in the level of blood glucose

Which of the following is not true of aldosterone? a.secreted from the zona glomerulosa b.decreases blood Na+ levels c.stimulated by angiotensin II d.raises blood volume

decreases blood Na+ levels

Steroid hormones seem to act upon their target cells by causing a.cyclic AMP to become ATP b.cyclic AMP to be decomposed c. them to produce a protein d. the inactivation of adenyl cyclase

them to produce a protein

One treatment for Myasthenia gravis is the surgical removal of the: a.thyroid b.thymus c.adrenals d.pancreas

thymus

The endocrine gland that initiates the development of antibodies is the a.thymus b.adrenal gland c.pineal body d.pituitary

thymus

The_____ gland is important for producing immunity.

thymus

The_________is an endocrine gland that lies behind the sternum an between the lungs.

thymus gland

They_____________ gland is found in the mediastimun, just above the heart.

thymus gland

___________ secretes thymosin that affects the production of lymphoctyes.

thymus gland

The follwing gland is composed of both follicular and extra-follicular cells a.pancreas b.thymus c.adrenal d.thyroid

thyroid

The ovary and ______ contain spherical collections of cells referred to as follicles.

thyroid

Which gland is assessed by the use of radioactive idoine?

thyroid

Which hormone exerts the greatest influence on metabolism? a.thyroxine b.cortisone c.insulin d.parathormone

thyroxine