Endocrine System MC

Marissa as her thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her blood calcium since she has lost her source of calcitonin. Does she need to worry about this problem? a) No, the synthetic thyroid hormone will also control the calcium b) No, as long as she still has functional parathyroid glands she will maintain proper levels of calcium c) No, hormones from the liver and kidneys will regulate calcium through the intestinal tract d) Yes, without calcitonin, high blood levels of calcium will cause convulsions e) Yes, without the calcitonin she will suffer heart failure

b) No, as long as she still has functional parathyroid glands she will maintain proper levels of calcium

This condition develops when the posterior pituitary no longer releases adequate amounts of ADH a) diabetes mellitus b) diabetes insipidus c) pituitary dwarfism d) exophthalmos e) gigantism

b) diabetes insipidus

Two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are a) CT and PTH b) epinephrine and norepinephrine c) PRL and ACTH d) oxytocin and ADH e) PSH and GH

b) epinephrine and norepinephrine

Increased numbers of red blood cells would result from increases in the hormone a) cortisol b) erythropoietin c) thymosin d) aldosterone e) renin

b) erythropoietin

When blood glucose levels fall, a) insulin is released b) glucagon is released c) peripheral cells take up less glucose d) protein synthesis decreases e) all of the above

b) glucagon is released

The alpha cells of the pancreas produce a) insulin b) glucagons c) rennin d) ADH e) parathyroid hormone

b) glucagons

Parathyroid glands produce a hormone that a) stimulates the formation of white blood cells b) increases the level of calcium ions in the blood c) increases the level of sodium ions in the blood d) increases the level of potassium ions in the blood e) increases the level of glucose in the blood

b) increases the level of calcium ions in the blood

If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter which phrase of the adaptation syndrome (GAS)? a) alarm phase b) resistance phase c) exhaustion phase d) extension phase e) prolonged phase

b) resistance phase

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is a) TSH b) ACTH c) FSH d) LH e) GH

c) FSH

The pituitary hormone that stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin is a) TSH b) ACTH c) MSH d) LH e) GH

c) MSH

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce a) epinephrine b) ADH c) aldosterone d) parathyroid hormone e) insulin

c) aldosterone

Steroid hormones a) are proteins b) cannot diffuse through membranes c) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells d) remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time e) are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma

c) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ions is a) parathyroid hormone b) thyroid hormone c) calcitonin d) glucagons e) oxytocin

c) calcitonin

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce a) thyroid hormone b) TSH c) calcitonin d) parathyroid hormone e) all of the above

c) calcitonin

Effects of medullary hormones include all of the following EXCEPT a) increased heart activity b) increased blood pressure c) decrease glycogen breakdown d) release of lipids by adipose tissue e) increased blood glucose levels

c) decrease of glycogen breakdown

Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin would result in a) acromegaly b) myxedema c) diabetes mellitus d) diabetes insipidus e) Cushing's disease

c) diabetes mellitus

Excess secretion of growth hormone prior to puberty will cause a) dwarfism b) cancer c) gigantism d) acromegaly e) diabetes

c) giantism

The hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are the a) mineralocorticoids b) androgens c) glucocorticoids d) thyroid hormones e) gonadotropins

c) glucocorticoids

Hormones that control the function of the anterior pituitary gland are released from the a) thalamus b) medulla oblongata c) hypothalamus d) pineal body e) basal nuclei

c) hypothalamus

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is a) cortisol b) growth hormone c) insulin d) glucagon e) aldosterone

c) insulin

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is a) decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin b) decreased mental alertness c) mobilization of energy reserves d) increased urine production e) all of the above

c) mobilization of energy reserves

The ________________ lies within the abdominopelvic cavity near the border between the stomach and the small intestine a) thymus gland b) adrenal gland c) pancreas d) thyroid gland e) testis

c) pancreas

Increased levels of the hormone ___________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood. a) thymosin b) calcitonin c) parathyroid hormone d) aldosterone e) cortisol

c) parathyroid hormone

Excessive urine production is known as a) polyphagia b) polydipsia c) polyuria d) polymyositis e) none of the above

c) polyuria

Endocrine cells a) are a type of nerve cell b) release their secretions onto an epithelial surface c) release their secretions into the blood d) contain very few vesicles e) all of the above

c) release their secretions into the blood

The hypothalamus controls the secretions of the anterior pituitary by way of a) direct neural stimulation b) direct mechanical control c) releasing and inhibiting hormones d) altering ion concentrations in the anterior pituitary e) gap juncitons

c) releasing and inhibiting hormones

Increased aggressive behavior is associated with increases in a) growth hormone b) thyroid hormone c) testosterone d) mineralocorticoids e) progesterone

c) testosterone

Steroid hormones a) are lipids b) are structurally similar to cholesterol c) bind to cell surface receptors d) A and B only e) all of the above

d) A and B only

The nervous system a) produces rapid and specific responses to environmental stimuli b) communicates by the release of neurotransmitters c) continues to produce a response long after neural output ceases d) A and B only e) all of the above

d) A and B only

The posterior pituitary gland secretes a) FSH b) TSH c) ACTH d) ADH e) MSH

d) ADH

The pituitary hormone that promotes the ovarian secretion of progesterone and the testicular secretion of testosterone is a) TSH b) ACTH c) FSH d) LH e) GH

d) LH

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is also known as a) non-insulin-dependent diabetes b) Type II c) Type III d) Type I e) diabetes insipidus

d) Type I

Steroid hormones a) bind to receptors on the surface of the cell b) function by way of a second messenger system c) cannot diffuse through the cell membrane d) bind to the intracellular receptors e) function by activating camp

d) bind to the intracellular receptors

The adrenal medulla produces a) androgens b) glucocorticoids c) mineralocorticoids d) epinephrine e) steroids

d) epinephrine

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to rise is a) growth hormone b) cortisol c) insulin d) glucagon e) erythropoietin

d) glucagon

The most complex endocrine responses involve the a) thyroid gland b) pancreas c) adrenal glands d) hypothalamus e) thymus

d) hypothalamus

Thyroid hormone contains the mineral a) sodium b) potassium c) iron d) iodine e) zinc

d) iodine

The hormone that is the antagonist of calcitonin is a) insulin b) glucagons c) growth hormone d) parathyroid hormone e) thyroid hormone

d) parathyroid hormone

A cell's hormonal sensitivities are determined by a) the chemical nature of the hormone b) the quantity of circulating hormone c) the shape of the hormone molecules d) the presence or absence of appropriate receptor complexes e) the thickness of the cell membrane

d) the presence or absence of appropriate receptor complexes

Hormones from which of the following glands are responsible for the calorigenic effect? a) pituitary gland b) adrenal gland c) parathyroid gland d) thyroid gland e) thymus

d) thyroid gland

The hormone oxytocin a) promotes uterine contractions b) is responsible for milk production in the mammary glands c) regulates blood pressure d) governs the ovarian cycle e) A and B

e) A and B

Two hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary are a) GH and TSH b) ACTH and LH c) ADH and FSH d) PRL and OT e) ADH and OT

e) ADH and OT

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is a) TSH b) ACTH c) FSH d) LH e) PRL

e) PRL (prolactin)

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion concentration of the blood is a) cortisol b) parathyroid hormone c) thymosin d) growth hormone e) aldosterone

e) aldosterone

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys would lead to a) renin release b) elevated levels of aldosterone c) increased levels of erythropoietin d) decreased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide e) all of the above

e) all of the above

Endocrine organs can be controlled by a) hormones from other endocrine glands b) releasing hormones from the hypothalamus c) direct neural stimulation d) A and C only e) all of the above

e) all of the above

Proper growth requires a) thyroid hormone b) insulin c) parathyroid hormone d) A and C e) all of the above

e) all of the above

The endocrine system a) releases chemical into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body b) releases hormones that alter the metabolic activities of many different tissues and organs simultaneously c) produces effects that can last for hours, days, and even longer d) A and C only e) all of the above

e) all of the above

Which of the following is true concerning the interaction of the endocrine system with other body systems? a) epinephrine stimulates respiratory activity and dilates respiratory passageways b) certain hormones control water and mineral balance by the kidneys c) the heart secretes atrial natriuretic protein d) B and C only e) all of the above

e) all of the above

Hormone-producing cells of the testes produce a) estrogen b) progesterone c) testosterone d) inhibin e) both C and D

e) both C and D

The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is a) testosterone b) aldosterone c) cortisol d) thyroid hormone e) epinephrine

e) epinephrine

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is a) TSH b) ACTH c) FSH d) LH e) MSH

a) TSH

The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of a) angiotensin b) cortisol c) erythropoietin d) ADH e) epinephrine

a) angiotensin

Peptide hormones a) are composed by amino acids b) are produced by cells in the adrenal glands c) are derived from the amino acid tyrosine d) are lipids e) are chemically related to cholesterol

a) are composed by amino acids

The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by a) decreased resistance to disease and infection b) increased ability to produce glucose from glycogen c) increased pumping effectiveness of the heart d) increased protein synthesis e) A and C

a) decreased resistance to disease and infection

This condition is characterized by abnormally high glucose concentrations that overwelm the reabsorption capabilities of the kidneys. a) diabetes mellitus b) diabetes insipidus c) glucose diabetes d) giantism e) all of the above

a) diabetes mellitus

Follicle cells in the ovary produce large quantities of _______________ when stimulated by FSH a) estrogen b) progesterone c) testosterone d) inhibin e) A and B

a) estrogen

Increased blood calcium levels would result in a) increased secretion of calcitonin b) increased secretion of parathyroid hormone c) increased retention of calcium by the kidneys d) increased osteoclast activity e) increased excitability of neural membranes

a) increased secretion of calcitonin

The beta cells of the pancreas produce a) insulin b) glucagons c) rennin d) ADH e) parathyroid hormone

a) insulin

When blood glucose levels rise, a) insulin is released b) glucagon is released c) peripheral cells take up less glucose d) protein synthesis decreases e) A and C

a) insulin is released

This gland is responsible for establishing daily circadian rhythms a) pineal b) pancreas c) thymus d) thyroid e) parathyroid

a) pineal

Decreased levels of parathyroid hormone could result in a) tetany b) profuse urination c) increased sweating d) depressed immune activity e) all of the above

a) tetany

The hormone that is important for maintenance of the immune system is a) thymosin b) cortisol c) aldosterone d) thyroid hormone e) gonadotropin

a) thymosin

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is a) TSH b) ACTH c) FSH d) LH e) MSH

b) ACTH

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would affect the levels of __________ in the blood. a) ACTH b) ADH c) oxytocin d) TSH e) gonadotropins

b) ADH