Endocrine System Part 2

132) The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is A) cortisol. B) somatotropin. C) insulin. D) glucagon. E) aldosterone

C) insulin.

138) The delta cells of the pancreatic islets produce A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) somatostatin. D) cortisol. E) peptide P.

C) somatostatin.

125) Which of the following is false concerning melatonin? A) Exposure to light inhibits production. B) Exposure to light stimulates production. C) It inhibits releases of GnRH. D) It is produced by pinealocy E) It is made from serotonin.

B) Exposure to light stimulates production.

117) Which gland is called the "emergency gland" and helps the body adjust to stress? A) thyroid B) adrenal (suprarenal) C) pituitary D) pancreas E) thymus

B) adrenal (suprarenal)

107) A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is A) cortisol. B) parathormone. C) thymosin. D) somatotropin. E) aldosterone

E) aldosterone.

164) Which is not a component of the RAAS and does not contribute to blood volume and electrolyte homeostasis? A) renin B) angiotensin C) ADH D) aldosterone E) androgens

E) androgens

124) A patient is receiving exogenous cortisol in the form of hydrocortisone shots for a sinus infection. Their natural adrenal secretion of cortisol will decrease due to negative feedback on the ________ reducing the secretion of ________. A) hypothalamus; ACTH B) anterior pituitary; CRH C) hypothalamus; cortisol D) anterior pituitary; cortisol E) anterior pituitary; ACTH

E) anterior pituitary; ACTH

158) The heart secretes the hormone A) progesterone. B) oxytocin. C) thymosin. D) thyroxine. E) atrial natriuretic peptide

E) atrial natriuretic peptide

113) If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry? A) increase of sodium B) decrease of sodium C) increase of blood glucose D) decrease of blood glucose E) both an increase in insulin and an increase in glucose

E) both an increase in insulin and an increase in glucose

157) Cholecalciferol is synthesized within the A) bone marrow of the skeletal system. B) splenic pulp of the lymphatic system. C) endothelial linings of the cardiovascular system. D) hypothalamus of the nervous system. E) epidermis of the integumentary system.

E) epidermis of the integumentary system.

165) Increased aggressive and assertive behavior is associated with an increase in which of the following hormones? A) somatostatin B) thyroxine C) growth hormone D) androgens E) insulin

D) androgens

162) The effects of this hormone oppose aldosterone. A) ADH B) oxytocin C) inhibin D) atrial natriuretic peptide E) renin

D) atrial natriuretic peptide

105) The adrenal medulla produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) catecholamines. E) corticosteroids.

D) catecholamines.

106) A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is A) aldosterone. B) erythropoietin. C) thymosin. D) cortisol. E) calcitonin.

D) cortisol.

111) Damage to cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex would result in A) the loss of axillary and pubic hair. B) increased volume of urine formation. C) decreased levels of sodium ion in the blood. D) decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose. E) increased water retention.

D) decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose.

108) Cushing's disease results from an excess of A) growth hormone. B) parathyroid hormone. C) ADH. D) glucocorticoids. E) epinephrine

D) glucocorticoids.

160) The hormone related to appetite control is A) thymosin. B) brain natriuretic peptide. C) melanin. D) leptin. E) erythropoietin.

D) leptin.

134) Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin? A) glycosuria B) ketoacidosis C) high blood glucose D) low blood glucose E) polyuria

D) low blood glucose

174) Two hormones that have additive effects are called A) antagonists. B) agonists. C) resistors. D) synergists. E) adjuvants.

D) synergists

109) Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of A) antidiuretic hormone. B) calcitonin. C) aldosterone. D) cortisone. E) oxytocin

C) aldosterone.

141) Which of the following directly regulates the secretion of insulin? A) parasympathetic nervous system B) sympathetic nervous system C) blood glucose concentration D) hypothalamus E) tropic hormones from the pituitary gland

C) blood glucose concentration

115) A hormone that is synergistic to growth hormone is A) aldosterone. B) insulin. C) cortisol. D) calcitonin. E) renin

C) cortisol.

144) Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in A) acromegaly. B) goiter. C) diabetes mellitus. D) diabetes insipidus. E) Addison's disease

C) diabetes mellitus

170) Hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are the A) mineralocorticoids. B) androgens. C) glucocorticoids. D) catecholamines. E) gonadotropins.

C) glucocorticoids.

2) In a typical regulation pattern of endocrine secretion, which hormone is responsible for negative feedback? (Figure 18-8) A) the releasing hormone B) hormone 1 from the pituitary gland C) hormone 2 from the endocrine target gland D) the inhibiting hormone E) the posterior pituitary hormone

C) hormone 2 from the endocrine target gland

154) The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females is A) testosterone. B) LH. C) inhibin. D) aldosterone. E) somatostatin.

C) inhibin

140) Which of the following hormones stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to take in glucose from the blood? A) calcitonin B) cortisol C) insulin D) glucagon E) parathyroid hormone

C) insulin

177) Which of the following is not an antagonistic hormone pair? A) glucagon; insulin B) calcitonin; parathyroid hormone C) leptin; thymosins D) aldosterone; atrial natriuretic peptide E) FSH; inhibin

C) leptin; thymosins

104) The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) epinephrine. E) norepinephrine

C) mineralocorticoids.

119) Hormones from the adrenal cortex that regulate electrolyte balance are A) antidiuretics. B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone. C) mineralocorticoids. D) androgens. E) glucocorticoids

C) mineralocorticoids.

168) During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is A) decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin. B) decreased mental alertness. C) mobilization of energy reserves. D) increased urine release. E) decreased rate of respiration.

C) mobilization of energy reserves

151) The interstitial endocrine cells of the testes produce A) LH. B) progesterone. C) testosterone. D) inhibin. E) FSH.

C) testosterone.

178) The absence of which hormone during development will cause the nervous system to develop abnormally and cause developmental delays? A) thymosin B) calcitriol C) calcitonin D) androgens E) thyroxine

E) thyroxine

139) Type II diabetes is characterized by A) a lack of response by target cells to insulin. B) a decrease in secretion by pancreatic beta cells. C) excessive secretion of glucagon. D) inadequate insulin production. E) low blood-glucose concentration.

A) a lack of response by target cells to insulin.

5) Which pancreatic cells secrete glucagon? List the effects of glucagon. (Figure 18-17) A) alpha; to increase blood glucose levels by increasing the breakdown of glycogen and fat, and by increasing the synthesis and release of glucose by the liver B) beta; to increase blood glucose levels by increasing the breakdown of glycogen and fat, and by increasing the synthesis and release of glucose by the liver C) delta; to increase blood glucose levels by increasing the breakdown of glycogen and fat, and by increasing the synthesis and release of glucose by the liver D) alpha; to decrease blood glucose levels by decreasing the breakdown of glycogen and fat, and by increasing cellular uptake of glucose E) beta; to decrease blood glucose levels by decreasing the breakdown of glycogen and fat, and by increasing cellular uptake of glucose

A) alpha; to increase blood glucose levels by increasing the breakdown of glycogen and fat, and by increasing the synthesis and release of glucose by the liver

102) The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) epinephrine. E) norepinephrine.

A) androgens.

173) Two hormones that have opposing effects are called A) antagonists. B) agonists. C) resistors. D) synergists. E) adjuvants.

A) antagonists

1) The regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus control secretion from endocrine cells, which are located where? (Figure 18-6) A) anterior lobe of the pituitary gland B) posterior lobe of the pituitary gland C) thalamus D) cortex of the adrenal gland E) medulla of the adrenal gland

A) anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

163) This hormone is released in response to PTH and its actions are synergistic to PTH. A) calcitriol B) calcitonin C) inhibin D) cholecystokinin E) pancreatic polypeptide

A) calcitriol

143) Cells in the brain A) can absorb glucose without insulin stimulation. B) prefer fats to glucose for energy production. C) are sensitive to insulin but not to glucagon. D) are very sensitive to high concentrations of glucagon. E) can store glycogen, to be used later for glucose release.

A) can absorb glucose without insulin stimulation

146) Type 2 diabetes A) can usually be controlled by diet and exercise rather than with medication. B) is associated with an immune reaction to the pancreatic cells. C) is a lack of insulin production. D) is typically diagnosed in the very young

A) can usually be controlled by diet and exercise rather than with medication.

116) Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system? A) cortisol B) parathyroid hormone C) insulin D) growth hormone E) acetylcholine

A) cortisol

122) The adrenal medulla primarily secretes A) epinephrine. B) norepinephrine. C) dopamine. D) cortisol. E) aldosterone

A) epinephrine.

152) Follicle cells in the ovary secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH. A) estrogen B) progesterone C) testosterone D) inhibin E) gonadotropins

A) estrogen

172) The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by A) failure of electrolyte balance. B) an increasing ability to produce glucose from glycogen. C) increased pumping effectiveness of the heart. D) a sharp increase in motivation and energy. E) an increase in urine output.

A) failure of electrolyte balance.

131) If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting A) glucagon. B) GHIH. C) thyroid hormone. D) aldosterone. E) antidiuretic hormone.

A) glucagon.

130) Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________. A) glucagon; insulin B) somatostatin; insulin C) insulin; glucagon D) glucagon; somatostatin E) pancreatic polypeptide; insulin

A) glucagon; insulin

137) The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) somatostatin. D) cortisol. E) peptide P

A) insulin.

159) Adipocytes produce a peptide hormone called ________ that acts on the hypothalamus. A) leptin B) grehlin C) lipase D) glucagon E) adipocin

A) leptin

171) During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), A) lipid reserves are mobilized. B) proteins are conserved. C) blood glucose levels fall drastically. D) levels of growth hormone decrease. E) levels of insulin decrease.

A) lipid reserves are mobilized.

101) A tumor present on the parathyroid gland causing hyperparathyroidism may lead to A) osteoporosis and kidney stones. B) diabetes mellitus and hypercortisolism. C) diabetes mellitus. D) diabetes insipidus. E) hypogonadism.

A) osteoporosis and kidney stones.

155) The hormones that are important for coordinating the immune response are A) thymosins. B) corticosteroids. C) aldosterones. D) thyroxines. E) somatotropins.

A) thymosins.

121) Which hormone may be prescribed in chronic inflammatory disorders such as Lupus? A) aldosterone B) cortisol C) androgens D) calcitonin E) insulin

B) cortisol

110) The adrenal medulla produces the hormones A) synephrine and neosynephrine. B) epinephrine and norepinephrine. C) corticosterone and testosterone. D) androgens and progesterone. E) cortisone and cortisol

B) epinephrine and norepinephrine.

156) Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells? A) cortisol B) erythropoietin C) thymosin D) aldosterone E) atrial natriuretic peptide

B) erythropoietin

148) At about 4pm in the afternoon, you could expect that ________ will be released if you have not eaten since 12pm. A) insulin B) glucagon C) melatonin D) pancreatic polypeptide E) insulin and glucagon

B) glucagon

136) When blood glucose levels fall, A) insulin is released. B) glucagon is released. C) peripheral cells take up more glucose. D) protein synthesis increases. E) calcitonin is secreted.

B) glucagon is released

103) The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) epinephrine. E) norepinephrine

B) glucocorticoids.

128) The condition known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD) may be caused by A) increased levels of melanin. B) increased levels of melatonin. C) increased levels of melanocyte-stimulating hormone. D) increased levels of gonadotrophins. E) decreased levels of testosterone

B) increased levels of melatonin.

175) Hormones that produce different but complementary results are called A) permissive. B) integrative. C) radicals. D) synergists. E) antagonists.

B) integrative.

127) Each of the following is true of the pineal gland except that it A) is a component of the epithalamus. B) is a component of the hypothalamus. C) secretes melatonin. D) contains pinealocytes. E) responds to light and darkness

B) is a component of the hypothalamus.

176) Normal growth is dependent on all of the following hormones except A) thyroid hormones. B) oxytocin. C) growth hormone. D) insulin. E) glucocorticoids.

B) oxytocin.

126) Melatonin is produced by the A) thymus. B) pineal gland. C) kidneys. D) skin. E) heart

B) pineal gland.

153) A structure known as the corpus luteum secretes A) testosterone. B) progesterone. C) aldosterone. D) cortisone. E) androstenedione.

B) progesterone.

169) If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). A) alarm B) resistance C) exhaustion D) extension E) prolonged

B) resistance

167) You have just become the nurse manager of a nursing home and you are reminding yourself about what problems your nursing home population might have by studying your old pathophysiology books from nursing school. Many of the residents are tired and have problems with blood glucose levels. All of the following hormones might be related except A) insulin. B) cortisol. C) thymosin. D) thyroid hormones. E) GH.

C) thymosin

149) Which of the following is not true regarding Type 1 Diabetes? A) pancreatic destruction of beta cells B) need insulin injections or infusion C) tissues exhibit insulin resistance D) accounts for only about 5% of cases of diabetes E) usually diagnosed in children or young adults

C) tissues exhibit insulin resistance

161) Why might someone want to take erythropoietin in a non-medical situation? A) to increase muscle mass B) to sleep C) to increase oxygen-carrying capacity and increase stamina D) to increase the chance of getting pregnant E) to increase sex drive

C) to increase oxygen-carrying capacity and increase stamina

114) Hyposecretion of cortisol causes A) goiter. B) diabetes mellitus. C) diabetes insipidus. D) Addison's disease. E) Cushing's disease.

D) Addison's disease

135) Which of the following statements is true about the pancreas? A) The pancreas lies over the top of the stomach. B) The sole function of the pancreas is to produce hormones. C) The pituitary gland produces stimulating hormones that control the pancreas. D) The islets contain a variety of different cells producing different hormones. E) The pancreas stores glucose, which can be released into the blood.

D) The islets contain a variety of different cells producing different hormones.

123) Excess production of hormones by the zona reticularis may lead to which disorder? A) aldosteronism B) gigantism C) pheochromocytoma D) adrenogenital syndrome E) Cushing's disease

D) adrenogenital syndrome

120) During dehydration the body would increase production of A) aldosterone and cortisol. B) cortisol and ADH. C) epinephrine and cortisol. D) aldosterone and ADH. E) epinephrine and ADH.

D) aldosterone and ADH

147) Which hormone is not produced by the pancreas? A) glucagon B) pancreatic polypeptide C) somatostatin D) calcitriol E) insulin

D) calcitriol

129) All of the following may be functions of melatonin except that it A) can act as an antioxidant. B) protects against free-radicals. C) may maintain circadian rhythms. D) can act as an insulin synergist. E) may influence sexual maturation

D) can act as an insulin synergist.

4) Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids and what is the primary mineralocorticoid? (Figure 18-14) A) zona reticularis; cortisol B) zona reticularis; aldosterone C) zona fasciculata; epinephrine D) zona glomerulosa; aldosterone E) zona glomerulosa; cortisol

D) zona glomerulosa; aldosterone

112) A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except A) the rate of glucose synthesis by the liver. B) the rate of glycogen formation by the liver. C) the level of fatty acids in the blood. D) fatty acid metabolism by muscle cells. E) ACTH levels.

E) ACTH levels.

3) What hormones are released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and how does their release differ from hormones released by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland? (Figure 18-9) A) melanocyte stimulating hormone and growth hormone; posterior pituitary hormones are released in response to circadian rhythms B) LH and FSH; posterior pituitary hormones are released at puberty C) epinephrine and norepinephrine; posterior pituitary hormones are released following neural stimulation by the SNS D) ADH and oxytocin; posterior pituitary hormones are released following stimulation by hypothalamic releasing hormones E) ADH and oxytocin; posterior pituitary hormones are released directly from the hypothalamus

E) ADH and oxytocin; posterior pituitary hormones are released directly from the hypothalamus

166) The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is A) testosterone. B) aldosterone. C) cortisol. D) thyroid hormone. E) epinephrine.

E) epinephrine.

118) Which group of hormones cause an anti-inflammatory action? A) thyroglobulins B) mineralocorticoids C) pancreatic hormones D) antidiuretic hormones E) glucocorticoids

E) glucocorticoids

133) In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus all of the following are true, except A) blood glucose levels are very high. B) excessive thirst is shown. C) glucose is present in the urine in large amounts. D) a large excretion of urine occurs. E) intracellular and tissue levels of glucose is very high.

E) intracellular and tissue levels of glucose is very high

50) Poorly managed diabetes can adversely affect which organ(s)? A) kidneys B) eyes C) heart and blood vessels D) nerves E) kidneys, eyes, nerves, heart and blood vessels

E) kidneys, eyes, nerves, heart and blood vessels

142) All of the pancreatic hormones are regulated by A) the adenohypophysis. B) the liver. C) the neurohypophysis. D) the thyroid gland. E) nutrient concentrations in the blood.

E) nutrient concentrations in the blood.

145) Which problem is related to untreated diabetes mellitus? A) damage to the retina B) neuropathy C) gastric ulcers D) goiter E) retinal problems and nerve problems

E) retinal problems and nerve problems