Endocrine System
During routine health screening, a patient is found to have fasting plasma glucose of 132 mg/dL. At a follow- up visit, a diagnosis would be made based on which laboratory results? Select all that apply. A. A1C of 7.5% B. Glycosuria of 3+ C. FPG > 126 mg/dL D. Random blood glucose off 126 mg/dL E. A 2- hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of 19- mg/dL
A. A1C of 7.5% C. FPG > 126 mg/dL
When caring for a patient with metabolic syndrome, what should the nurse give the highest priority to teaching the patient about?
A. Achieving a normal weight
A patient has a low serum T3 level. The health care provider orders measurement of the TSH level. If the TSH level is elevated, what does this indicate? A. The cause of the low T3 level is most likely primary hypothyroidism. B. The negative feedback system is failing to stimulate the anterior pituitary gland. C. The patient has an underactive thyroid gland that is not receiving TSH stimulation. D. Most likely there is a tumor on the anterior pituitary gland that is causing increased production of TSH.
A. The cause of the low T3 level is most likely primary hypothyroidism.
In addition to promoting the transport of glucose from the blood into the cell, what does insulin do? A. Enhances the breakdown of adipose tissue for energy B. Stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis C. Prevents the transport of triglycerides into adipose tissue D. Increases amino acid transport into cells and protein synthesis
D. Increases amino acid transport into cells and protein synthesis
When comparing the pathophysiology of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, which statement would be correct for a patient with Type 2 diabetes who was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia? A. The patient must receive insulin therapy to prevent the development of ketoacidosis B. The patient has islet cell antibodies taht have destroyed the ability of the pancreas to produce insulin C. The patient has minimal or absent endogenous insulin secretion and requires daily insulin injection D. The patient may have sufficient endogenous insulin secretion to prevent ketosis but is at risk for development of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome
D. The patient may have sufficient endogenous insulin secretion to prevent ketosis but is at risk for development of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome
To prevent hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia related to exercise, what should the nurse teach the patient using Glucose-lowering agents about the best time for exercise? A. Only after a 15-g carbohydrate snack is eaten B. About 1 hour after eating when blood glucose levels are rising C. When glucose monitoring reveals that the blood glucose is in the normal range D. When blood glucose levels are high, because exercise always has a hypoglycemic effect
B. About 1 hour after eating when blood glucose levels are rising
What medication is used with thyrotoxicosis to block the effects of the sympathetic nervous stimulation of the thyroid hormones? A. Potassium iodide B. Atenolol (Tenormin) C. Propylthiouracil (PTU) D. Radioactive iodine (RAI)
B. Atenolol (Tenormin)
When teaching the patient with diabetes about insulin administration, the nurse should include which instruction for the patient? A. Pull back on the plunger after inserting the needle to check for blood B. Consistently use the same size of insulin syringe to avoid dosing errors C. Clean the skin at the injection site with an alcohol swab before each injection D. Rotate injection sites from arms to thighs to abdomen with each injection to prevent lipodystrophies
B. Consistently use the same size of insulin syringe to avoid dosing errors
The patient is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). What manifestation should The nurse expect to find? A. Decreased body weight B. Decreased urinary output C. Increased plasma osmolality D. Increased serum sodium levels
B. Decreased urinary output
What manifestations of endocrine problems in the older adult are commonly attributed to the aging process? A. Tremors and paresthesias B. Fatigue and mental impairment C. Hyperpigmentation and oily skin D. Fluid retention and hypertension
B. Fatigue and mental impairment
Polydipsia and polyuria related to diabetes mellitus are primarily due to A. The release of ketones from cells during fat metabolism B. Fluid shifts resulting from the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia C. Damage to the kidneys from exposure to high levels of glucose D. Changes in RBC's resulting from attachment of excessive glucose to hemoglobin
B. Fluid shifts resulting from the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia
A patient with Addison's disease comes to the emergency department with complaints of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and fever. What collaborative care should the nurse expect? A. IV administration of vasopressors B. IV administration of hydrocortisone C. IV administration of D5W with 20 mEq KCl D. Parenteral injections of adrenocorticotropic hormone
B. IV administration of hydrocortisone
What is an appropriate nursing intervention for the patient with hyperparathyroidism? A. Pad side rails as a seizure precaution. B. Increase fluid intake to 3000 to 4000 ml daily. C. Maintain bed rest to prevent pathologic fractures. D. Monitor the patient for Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs
B. Increase fluid intake to 3000 to 4000 ml daily.
A patient with SIADH is treated with water restriction. What does the patient experience when the nurse determines that treatment has been effective? A. Increased urine output, decreased serum sodium, and increased urine specific gravity B. Increased urine output, increased serum sodium, and decreased urine specific gravity C. Decreased urine output, increased serum sodium, and decreased urine specific gravity D. Decreased urine output, decreased serum sodium, and increased urine specific gravity
B. Increased urine output, increased serum sodium, and decreased urine specific gravity
The nurse has identified the nursing diagnosis of fatigue for a patient who is hypothyroid. What should the nurse do while caring for this patient? A. Monitor for changes in orientation, cognition, and behavior. B. Monitor for vital signs and cardiac rhythm response to activity. C. Monitor bowel movement frequency, consistency, shape, volume, and color. D. Assist in developing well-balanced meal plans consistent with level of energy expenditure.
B. Monitor for vital signs and cardiac rhythm response to activity.
What should the goals of nutrition therapy for the patient with type 2 diabetes include? A. Ideal body weight B. Normal serum glucose and lipid levels C. A special diabetic diet using dietetic foods D. Five small meals per day with a bedtime snack
B. Normal serum glucose and lipid levels
A mother asks about the reason why stimulating the nipples during labor causes uterine contractions. The nurse promptly states the hormonal role of: A. Prostaglandin B. Oxytocin C. Prolactin D. Estrogen
B. Oxytocin
In type 1 diabetes there is an osmotic effect of glucose when insulin deficiency prevents the use of glucose for energy. Which classic symptom is caused by the osmotic effect of glucose? A. Fatigue B. Polydipsia C. Polyphagia D. Recurrent infections
B. Polydipsia
A patient with hypothyroidism is treated with levothyroxine (Synthroid). What should the nurse include when teaching the patient about this therapy? A. Explain that alternate-day dosage may be used if side effects occur. B. Provide written instruction for all information related to the drug therapy. C. Assure the patient that a return to normal function will occur with replacement therapy. D. Inform the patient that the drug must be taken until the hormone balance is reestablished.
B. Provide written instruction for all information related to the drug therapy.
what particular cell type is affected in diabetes mellitus A. alpha B. beta C. gamma D. delta
B. beta
Diabetes Mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder which can be linked to heredity and lifestyle. this degenerative disorder ca result from the alteration in the production of insulin particularly by the A. Acinar cells B. islet cells C. Cortical cells D. Parietal cells
B. islet cells
What characterizes type 2 diabetes?
BETA- CELL EXHAUSTION, INSULIN RESISTANCE, GENETIC PREDISPOSITION, ALTERED PRODUCTION OF ADIPOKINES, INHERITED DEFECT IN INSULIN RECEPTORS, AND INAPPROPRIATE GLUCOSE PRODUCTION OF THE LIVER
From where is the hormone glucagon secreted? A. F- cells of islets of Langerhans B. B- cells of islets of langerhands C. A- cells of Islets of Langerhands D. Delta cells of iselts of langerhands
A- cells of Islets of Langerhands
What nursing intervention is a priority for a male patient diagnosed with gonadotropin deficiency who is experiencing body image disturbance?
Teach about Testosterone Therapy
following an adrenalectomy, prior to maintenance steroid therapy, the nurse should monitor the client for a. hypotension b. hyperglycemia c. sodium retention d. potassium excretion
a. hypotension
The sympathetic response is activated during periods of stress and anxiety. Which of the following physiologic changes is least expected? A. pupillary dilation b. bronchoconstriction c. increased cardiac rate d. decreased vagal response
b. bronchoconstriction
when assessing a client with cushing's syndrome, the nurse would expect a. dehydration and menorrhagia b. buffalo hump and hypertension c. pitting edema and frequent colds d. headaches and cold intolerance
b. buffalo hump and hypertension
when monitoring for hyponatremia due to hypoaldosteronism. the nurse should assess the client for: a. dry skin b. confusion c. tachycardia d. crackles
b. confusion
the emaciation, muscular weakness, and fatigue associated with addison's disease result from a disturbance in a. fluid balance b. electrolyte levels c. protein metabolism d. masculinizing effects
b. electrolyte levels
the physician plans to reduce a client's dexamethasone (decadron) dosage gradually and to continue a lower maintenance dose. the nurse explains that the reason for the gradual dosage reduction is to allow a, production of antibodies by the immune system b. return of cortisone production by the adrenal glands c. building of glycogen and protein stores in liver and muscle d. time to observe for return of increased intracranial pressure
b. return of cortisone production by the adrenal glands
To ensure accurate results of a fasting blood glucose analysis, the nurse instructs the patient to fast for at least how long? A. 2 hours c. 8 hours B. 4 hours d. 12 hours
c. 8 hours
A client with Cushing's syndrome may manifest signs of diabetes mellitus because a. the cortical hormones stimulate rapid weight loss b. excessive ACTH secretion damages pancreatic tissue c. tissue catabolism results in a negative nitrogen balance d. glucocorticoids accelerate the process of gluconeogenesis
d. glucocorticoids accelerate the process of gluconeogenesis
laboratory findings for clients with cushing's syndrome will read all a. hypernatremia, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia b. hypernatremia, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia c. hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia d. hypernatremia, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia
d. hypernatremia, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia
when assessing a female client with cushing's syndrome, the nurse anticipates the following findings except A. lability of mood b. increased in growth of hair c. poor wound healing d. reduction in body fat
d. reduction in body fat
Antidiuretic hormone, otherwise known as the substance vasopressin, is synthesized by: A. adenohypophysis B. neurohypophysis C. hypothalamus D. adrenal cortex
hypothalamus
the nurse should observe a client with addison's disease closely for signs of cardiac and neurologic problems because there is a disturbance in a. stress response b. respiratory function c. electrolyte imbalances d. metabolic processes
c. electrolyte imbalances
the nurse understands that conn's disease disorder is caused by an excessive production of A. cathecolamines b. glucocorticoids c. mineralocorticoids d. androgens
c. mineralocorticoids
before the discharge of the client with addison's disease, the physician prescribes hydrocortisone. teh nruse expects the drug to a. control excessive loss of potassium salts b. decrease cardiac dysrhythmias and dyspnea c. prevent hypoglycemia and permit client to respond to stress d. increase amounts of angiotensin II to raise the client's blood pressure
c. prevent hypoglycemia and permit client to respond to stress
An important nursing intervention for a client with addison's disease is a. encouraging exercise b. restricting fluid intake c. protecting from exertion d. monitoring for hypokalemia
c. protecting from exertion
before a prescribed intravenous solution that contains potassium chloride to a client with conn's disorder is administered, the assessment by the nurse that should be brought to the physician's attention would be a. poor skin turgor with tenting b. behaviors indicating irritability and confusion c. urinary output of 200 ml for the past 8 hours d. oral intake of 300 ml of fluid for the entire shift
c. urinary output of 200 ml for the past 8 hours
What are two effects of hypokalemia on the endocrine system? A. Decreased insulin and aldosterone release B. Decreased glucagon and increased cortisol release C. Decreased release of atrial natriuretic factor and increased ADH release D. Decreased release of parathyroid hormone and increased calcitonin release
A. Decreased insulin and aldosterone release
Which statement accurately describes Graves' disease? A. Exophthalmos occurs in Graves' disease. B. It is an uncommon form of hyperthyroidism. C. Manifestations of hyperthyroidism occur from tissue desensitization to the sympathetic nervous system. D. Diagnostic testing in the patient with Graves' disease will reveal an increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level.
A. Exophthalmos occurs in Graves' disease.
When caring for a patient with primary hyperaldosteronism, the nurse would question a health care provider's prescription for which drug? A. Furosemide (Lasix) B. Amiloride (Midamor) C. Spironolactone (Aldactone) D. Aminoglutethimide (Cytadren)
A. Furosemide (Lasix)
A patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. On physical assessment of the patient, what should the nurse expect to find? A. Hypertension, peripheral edema, and petechiae B. Weight loss, buffalo hump, and moon face with acne C. Abdominal and buttock striae, truncal obesity, and hypotension D. Anorexia, signs of dehydration, and hyperpigmentation of the skin
A. Hypertension, peripheral edema, and petechiae
Which statement by the patient with type 2 diabetes is accurate? A. I am supposed to have a meal or snack if I drink alcohol B. I am not allowed to eat any sweets because of my diabetes C. I do not need to watch what I eat because my diabetes is not the bad kind D. The amount of fat in my diet is not important; it is just the carbohydrate that raise my blood sugar
A. I am supposed to have a meal or snack if I drink alcohol
You are caring for a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. What information is essential to include in your patient teaching before discharge from the hospital? SATA A. Insulin administration B. Elimination of sugar from diet C. Need to reduce physical activity D. Hypoglycemia prevention, symptoms, and treatment
A. Insulin administration D. Hypoglycemia prevention, symptoms, and treatment
A 72-year-old woman is diagnosed with diabetes. What does the nurse recognize about the management of diabetes in the older adult? A. It is more difficult to achieve strict glucose control than in younger patients. B. It usually is not treated unless the patient becomes severely hyperglycemic. C. It does not include treatment with insulin because of limited dexterity and vision. D. It usually requires that a younger family member be responsible for care of the patient.
A. It is more difficult to achieve strict glucose control than in younger patients.
The nurse is teaching the patient with prediabetes ways to prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes. What information should be included? Select all that apply. A. Maintain a healthy weight B. Exercise for 60 minutes a day C. Have blood pressure checked regularly D. Assess for visual changes on monthly basis E. Monitor for polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia
A. Maintain a healthy weight E. Monitor for polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia
During care of the patient with SIADH, what should the nurse do? A. Monitor neurologic status at least every 2 hours. B. Teach the patient receiving treatment with diuretics to restrict sodium intake. C. Keep the head of the bed elevated to prevent antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release. D. Notify the health care provider if the patient's blood pressure decreases more than 20 mm Hg from baseline.
A. Monitor neurologic status at least every 2 hours.
When providing discharge instructions to a patient who had a subtotal thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism, what should the nurse teach the patient? A. Observe a correct dose of thyroid replacement therapy. B. Avoid regular exercise until thyroid function is normalized. C. Use warm saltwater gargles several times a day to relieve throat pain. D. Substantially increase caloric intake compared to what was eaten before surgery.
A. Observe a correct dose of thyroid replacement therapy.
As a precaution for vocal cord paralysis from damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy surgery, what equipment should be in the room in case it is needed for emergency situation? A. Tracheostomy tray B. Oxygen equipment C. IV calcium gluconate D. Paper and pencil for communication
A. Tracheostomy tray
A client with Grave's disorder is concerned about her rapid weight loss. the nurse informs the client that her thyroid hormone activation is altering her metabolic rate. this hormone is known as A. Triiodothyronine B. Tyramine C. Thiamine D. Thymosine
A. Triiodothyronine
Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex in response to fluid volume alterations. it is particularly synthesized in what layer? A. zona glomerulosa B. zona fasciculate C. zona reticularis D. zona brionensis
A. zona glomerulosa
What is a potential adverse effect of palpation of an enlarged thyroid gland? A. Carotid artery obstruction B. Damage to the cricoid cartilage C. Release of excessive thyroid hormone into circulation D. Hoarseness from pressure on the recurrent laryngeal nerve
C. Release of excessive thyroid hormone into circulation
Which patient should the nurse plan to teach how to prevent or delay the development of diabetes? A. An obese 50-year-old Hispanic woman B. A child whose father has type 1 diabetes C. A 34-year-old woman whose parents both have type 2 diabetes D. A 12-year-old boy whose father has maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY)
C. A 34-year-old woman whose parents both have type 2 diabetes
A patient with type 1 diabetes use 20 U of 70/30 neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH/regular) in the morning and at 6:00 pm. When teaching the patient about this regimen, what should the nurse emphasize? A. Hypoglycemia is most likely to occur before the noon meal B. Flexibility in food intake is possible because insulin is available 24 hours a day C. A set meal pattern with a bedtime snack is necessary to prevent hypoglycemia D. Premeal glucose checks are required to determine needed changes in daily glucose
C. A set meal pattern with a bedtime snack is necessary to prevent hypoglycemia
Which endocrine gland secretes cortisol? A. Ovaries B. Thyroid C. Adrenal cortex D. Adrenal medulla
C. Adrenal cortex
A patient who is on corticosteroid therapy for treatment of an autoimmune disorder has the following additional Drugs ordered. Which one is used to prevent corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis? A. Potassium B. Furosemide (Lasix) C. Alendronate (Alendra) D. Pantoprazole (Protonix)
C. Alendronate (Alendra)
A patient with hypoparathyroidism resulting from surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism is preparing for discharge. What should the nurse teach the patient? A. Milk and milk products should be increased in the diet. B. Parenteral replacement of parathyroid hormone will be required for life. C. Calcium supplements with vitamin D can effectively maintain calcium balance. D. Bran and whole-grain foods should be used to prevent GI effects of replacement therapy
C. Calcium supplements with vitamin D can effectively maintain calcium balance.
A diabetic patient is found unconscious at home and a family member calls the clinic. After determining that a Glucometer is not available, what should the nurse advise the family member to do? A. Have the patient drink some orange juice. B. Administer 10 U of regular insulin subcutaneously. C. Call for an ambulance to transport the patient to a medical facility. D. Panic.
C. Call for an ambulance to transport the patient to a medical facility.
A patient is admitted to the hospital with thyrotoxicosis. On physical assessment of the patient, what should the nurse expect to find? A. Hoarseness and laryngeal stridor B. Bulging eyeballs and dysrhythmias C. Elevated temperature and signs of heart failure D. Lethargy progressing suddenly to impairment of consciousness
C. Elevated temperature and signs of heart failure
For a client bleeding profusely, the hormonal response of catecholamines are vital. These hormones are A. Somatostatin and Somatotropin B. Vasopressin and Serotonin C. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine D. Angiotensin I and angiotensin II
C. Epinephrines and norepinephrines
The patient with newly diagnosed diabetes is displaying shakiness, confusion, irritability, and slurred speech. What Should the nurse suspect is happening? A. DKA B. HHS C. Hypoglycemia D. Hyperglycemia
C. Hypoglycemia
A patient with mild iatrogenic Cushing syndrome is on an alternate- day regimen of corticosteroid therapy. What does the nurse explain to the patient about this regimen? A. It maintains normal adrenal hormone balance B. It prevents ACTH release from the pituitary gland C. It minimizes hypothalamic pituitary adrenal suppression D. It provides amore effective therapeutic effect of the drug
C. It minimizes hypothalamic pituitary adrenal suppression
The patient with diabetes insipidus is brought to the emergency department with confusion and dehydration after excretion of a large volume of urine today even though several liters of fluid were drunk. What is a diagnostic test that the nurse should expect to be done to help make a diagnosis? A. Blood glucose B. Serum sodium level C. Urine specific gravity D. Computed tomography (CT) of the head
C. Urine specific gravity
Common nonspecific manifestations that may alert the nurse to endocrine dysfunction include A. Goiter and alopecia. B. Exophthalmos and tremors. C. Weight loss, fatigue, and depression. D. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia.
C. Weight loss, fatigue, and depression.
A diabetic patient has a serum glucose level of 824 mg/dL and is unresponsive. Following assessment of the patient, the nurse suspects diabetic ketoacidosis rather than hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome based on the findings of A. Polyuria B. Severe dehydration C. rapid, deep respirations D. Decreased serum potassium
C. rapid, deep respirations
The nurse is planning care for a patient diagnosed with acute adrenal insufficiency. Which hormone deficits will guide the nurse's interventions?
CORTISOL AND ALDOSTERONE
A patient with Graves' disease asks the nurse what caused the disorder. What is the best response by the nurse? A. "The cause of Graves' disease is not known, although it is thought to be genetic." B. "It is usually associated with goiter formation from an iodine deficiency over a long period of time." C. "Antibodies develop against thyroid tissue and destroy it, causing a deficiency of thyroid hormones." D. "In genetically susceptible persons, antibodies are formed that cause excessive thyroid hormone secretion."
D. "In genetically susceptible persons, antibodies are formed that cause excessive thyroid hormone secretion."
Following the teaching of foot care to a diabetic patient, the nurse determines that additional instruction is needed when the patient makes which statement? A. "I should wash my feet daily with soap and warm water." B. "I should always wear shoes to protect my feet from injury." C. "If my feet are cold, I should wear socks instead of using a heating pad." D. "i'll know if I have sores or lesions on my feet because they will be painful."
D. "i'll know if I have sores or lesions on my feet because they will be painful."
Lispro insulin (Humalog) with NPH insulin is ordered for a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The nurse knows that when lispro insulin is used, when should it be administered? A. Only once a day B. 1 hour before meals C. 30- 45 minutes before meals D. At bedtime or within 15 minutes of meals
D. At bedtime or within 15 minutes of meals
What is a cause of primary hypothyroidism in adults? A. Malignant or benign thyroid nodules B. Surgical removal or failure of the pituitary gland C. Surgical removal or radiation of the thyroid gland D. Autoimmune-induced atrophy of the thyroid gland
D. Autoimmune-induced atrophy of the thyroid gland
When replacement therapy is started for a patient with long-standing hypothyroidism, what is most important for the nurse to monitor the patient for? A. Insomnia B. Weight loss C. Nervousness D. Dysrhythmias
D. Dysrhythmias
The female patient is admitted with a new diagnosis of Cushing syndrome with elevated serum and urine cortisol levels. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect to see in this patient? A. Hair loss and moon face B. Decreased weight and hirsutism C. Decreased muscle mass and thick skin D. Elevated blood pressure and blood glucose
D. Elevated blood pressure and blood glucose
Which statement about the adrenal medulla hormones is accurate? A. Overproduction of androgens may cause masculinization in women. B. Both the adrenal medulla and the thyroid gland have a negative feedback system to the hypothalamus. C. Cortisol levels would be altered in a person who normally works a night shift from 11:00 pm to 7:00 am and sleeps from 8:00 am to 3:00 pm. D. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are considered hormones when they are secreted by the adrenal medulla and neurotransmitters when they are secreted by nerve cells.
D. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are considered hormones when they are secreted by the adrenal medulla and neurotransmitters when they are secreted by nerve cells.
Which laboratory results would indicate that the patient has prediabetes? A. Glucose tolerance result of 132 mg/dl B. Glucose tolerance result of 240 mg/dl C. Fasting blood glucose result of 80 mg/dl D. Fasting blood glucose result of 120 mg/dl
D. Fasting blood glucose result of 120 mg/dl
Which of the following statements needs to be corrected A. Glucagon raises blood glucose levels B. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels C. Glycogenolysis is activates when blood glucose levels are low D. Glycogenesis is activated when blood glucose levels are low
D. Glycogenesis is activated when blood glucose levels are low
The patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is in the clinic to check his long-term glycemic control. Which test should be used? A. Water deprivation test B. Fasting blood glucose test C. Oral glucose tolerance test D. Glycosylated hemoglobin (hba1c)
D. Glycosylated hemoglobin (hba1c)
A patient who recently had a calcium oxalate renal stone had a bone density study, which showed a decrease in her bone density. What endocrine problem could this patient have? A. SIADH B. Hypothyroidism C. Cushing syndrome D. Hyperparathyroidism
D. Hyperparathyroidism
The nurse determines that a patient with a 2- hour OGTT of 152 md/dL has A. Diabetes B. Elevated A1C C. Impaired fasting glucose D. Impaired glucose intolerance
D. Impaired glucose intolerance
What is the rationale for administration of ranitidine to a patient who is experiencing acute adrenal insufficiency?
PREVENTION OF GASTRIC ULCERS
What finding does the nurse expect to assess in a patient with deficient growth hormone?
Pathologic Fractures
a client who is scheduled to have surgery to remove an aldosterone- secreting adenoma wonders what will happen if he refuses surgery. the nurse would base a response on the fact that a. the tumor must be removed to prevent heart and kidney damage b. surgery will prevent the tumor from metastasizing to other organs c. radiation therapy can be just as effective as surgery if the tumor is small d. chemotherapy is as reliable as surgery to treat adenomas of this type is some cases
a. the tumor must be removed to prevent heart and kidney damage
a client is scheduled for adrenalectomy. the nurse should plan to a. provide a high- protein diet b. administer steroids as ordered c. collect a 24 hour urine specimen d. withhold all medication for 48 hours
b. administer steroids as ordered
therapy for a client with addison's disease is aimed chiefly at a. decreasing eosinophils b. increasing lymphoid tissue c. restoring electrolyte balance d. improving carbohydrate metabolism
c. restoring electrolyte balance
Insulin activity can be altered by several hormones. These are. SATA I. Glucagon II. Human Placental Lactogen III. Cortisol IV. Somatostatin a. I, II, III b. I, III c. I, IV d. I, II, III, IV
d. I, II, III, IV
a client is to have a bilateral adrenalectomy. before surgery, steroids are administers to the client. the nurse understands the reason for this is a. foster accumulation of glycogen in the liver b. increase the inflammatory action to promote scar formation c. facilitate urinary excretion of sodium and water following surgery d. compensation for sudden lack of these hormones following surgery
d. compensation for sudden lack of these hormones following surgery