Endocrine Test

Secondary sexual characteristics

A and B only (may develop in response to testosterone and estrogen)

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is

ACTH

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is

ADH

The two hormones released by the posterior pituitary are

ADH and oxytocin

Too little secretion of cortisol causes

Addison disease

Endocrine organs can be controlled by

All the above

Generally, the actions of hormones

All the above

Hormones can operate on the ____ level of organization

All the above

The endocrine system

All the above

The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) _____ organ.

Endocrine

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

FSH

Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are

FSH and LH

(True/False) The adrenal cortex is made up of neural tissue.

False

(True/False) The endocrine system is generally faster than the nervous system in coordinating the activity of body cells.

False

The pituitary hormone that stimulates increases in bone and muscle mass is

GH

Chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissue

Hormones

Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made

Hypothalamus

The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is

LH

Increased levels of the hormone ___ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood

PTH

The pituitary hormone that increases the metabolic activity in most body cells is

TSH

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

TSH

(True/False) Adrenaline is also know as epinephrine.

True

(True/False) Cortisol suppresses release of ACTH from the anterior lobe of the pituitary.

True

(True/False) Exocrine glands are considered ductless glands because they release their hormones into the blood or lymph.

True

(True/False) Glucocorticoids, glucagon, and epinephrine are hyperglycemic hormones.

True

(True/False) Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus travel to the anterior pituitary through the blood of the portal circulation.

True

(True/False) The adrenal glands are similar to the pituitary gland in that they have both glandular and neural tissue.

True

(True/False) The adrenal medulla and posterior pituitary are both composed of nervous tissue.

True

(True/False) The glucocorticoids help the body handle long-term stress primarily by increasing blood glucose levels.

True

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is also known as

Type 1

Insensitivity of cells to insulin would result in

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cells of the suprarenal cortex produce

aldosterone

In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus,

all the above

In response to stress, the concentration of epinephrine

and cortisol increases

Target cells of the releasing and inhibiting hormones are located in the

anterior pituitary

Inadequate iodine in the diet may lead to

any of the above

All of the following are true of steroid hormones, exempt that they

are produced by the suprarenal medulla

Steroid hormones

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells

Which one of the following is NOT one of the major processes controlled by hormones

body coordination

The major targets of growth hormone are

bones and skeletal muscles

Which one of the following is NOT a symptom of Cushing's syndrome

bronze skin tones

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is

calcitonin

Peptide hormones are

composed of amino acids

The primary function of ADH is to

decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys

The secondary sex characteristics brought about by testosterone secretion do NOT include

development of breasts

Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in

diabetes mellitus

The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of

epinephrine

The ovaries secrete ___ when stimulated by FSH

estrogen

Which one of the following hormones exerts its primary effects on the reproductive organs

follicle-stimulating hormone

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting

glucagon

When blood glucose levels fall,

glucagon is released

Cushing disease results from an excess of

glucocorticoids

Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called

hormones

Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of

hypothyroidism

Insulin directly causes

increased glycogen storage

The condition known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD) may be caused by

increased levels of melatonin

Releasing hormones (RH) directly cause

increased secretion from the anterior pituitary

Decreased blood calcium levels would result in

increased secretion of parathyroid hormone

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

increases the level of calcium ions in the blood

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

insulin

Thyroid hormone contains the element

iodine

The condition known as goiter can result from too

little iodine in the diet

Cells can respond to ____ hormone(s) at the same time

many

The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is

melatonin

A rise in the blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone at the beginning of the ovarian cycle is

menstruation

Negative feedback mechanisms regulate

most hormones

Hormone concentration levels are most commonly controlled by

negative feedback

The hormone released from the suprarenal medulla is

none of the above

The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers

ovulation

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is (are)

oxytocin

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions

pancreas

Before the discovery these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking?

parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone

The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is

parathyroid hormone

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is

parathyroid hormone

Melatonin is produced by the

pineal gland

The term used to describe excess production of urine is

polyuria

The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is

progesterone

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

prolactin

The testes produce

testosterone

The hormones that are important for coordinating the immune response are

thymosins

Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the

thymus gland

This gland signals nearly all other body cells

thyroid

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

thyroid gland

The only hormone to target all cells to some degree is

thyroid hormone

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is

thyroxine

A man has been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem.

FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes

The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are known as

hormones

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ____ when released into the bloodstream, but ____ when released at synapses.

hormones; neurotransmitters

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is

insulin

When blood glucose levels rise,

insulin is released

Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?

low blood glucose

Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of

progesterone

Preparation of the uterine lining for implantation results from stimulation by

progesterone

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback

release of oxytocin in response to uterine contractions

The average length of a menstrual cycle is

28 days

The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones

8

The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ____ system in many ways.

endocrine

Steroid hormones exert their action by

entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene

When it becomes necessary to enlist the fight-or-flight response, a hormone that is released during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome is

epinephrine

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

epinephrine

Which of the following is not a steroid-based hormone?

epinephrine

The suprarenal medulla produces the hormones

epinephrine and norepinephrine