Energy Vocabulary Review

5 forms of energy *Mnemonic Device: HCSME! *Light, sound & nuclear (like the atom bomb) are forms of energy also, but more emphasis is placed on the main 5 forms.

1. Heat 2. Chemical 3. Solar 4. Mechanical (includes potential/kinetic) 5. Electrical-sound and light energy can be transformed with electrical energy in a circuit.

Four (4) Parts to a Simple Circuit

1. Wire 2. Voltage source 3. Switch 4. resistor

friction

A force that results from an item rubbing against another item.

mechanical advantage

A measure of how much help a machine gives you. Ex. output force/input force=?

mechanical efficiency

A measure of how well a machine converts input energy, work, and power into output energy, work, and power. It is never idea because it cannot overcome all of the friction in the machine. Ex. output work/input work=? x 100%=

Simple Machines Chant

A simple machine of course, of course, always reduces the force of course. A simple machine of course, of course, always reduces force!

generator chant

Generators generate elec-tri-city! For who, who, who? For ME, ME, ME! Mechanical/Kinetic --> Electrical

Technological Design

Goal: improve life Strawberries in the PIE: 1. Problem Identification (What's needed?) 2. Solution Design (back to the drawing board) 3. Implementation (testing it on people) 4. Evaluation (Did it work?)

Mass Means Matter Chant

Mass means matter and that's a fact with the triple beam balance add front to back, add 1, add 2, add the 3rd beam . . . ya that's right you get the scene! Keep it up and you use your hand and don't forget to label grams! Tool used to measure mass in grams (g).

Electric Motor Chant

Oh my word, electric motor haven't ya heard? Oh my word, electric motor haven't ya heard? E to the M, E to the M, E to the M, ya that's right my friend. E to the M, E to the M, E to the M, ya that's right my friend. Electrical -->Mechanical, Electrical -->Mechanical, Electrical -->Mechanical, let's say it again. Oh my word!

nuclear energy

Splitting Uranium atoms in a process called fission involving a nucleus of an atom (ex. the atomic bomb)

gravitational potential energy

The greater the height, the more of this an object has.

energy transformations

The process of changing energy form one form to another. (the --> means transforms into). Example #1: when you eat food, rest and then go running it is an energy transformation=[chemical --> mechanical potential -->kinetic energy] Example #2: toaster= [electrical-->mechanical-->heat-->light-->sound]

Triple-Beam Balance

Tool used to measure mass in grams.

spring scale

Tool used to measure weight or force in Newtons (N).

Complex/Compound Machines

Two or more simple machines working together (ex. scissors, bike, stapler, wheel barrow, can opener, crane).

Joule (J or 1 Nm)

Unit of energy used to measure work. It is equal to one Newton-meter (1 Nm)

Newton (N)

Unit used to measure the strength of force using a tool called a spring scale.

meter stick

Used to measure meters (m), centimeters (cm) or millimeters (mm) of a distance.

work formula

W=F x d (Work (J) or Nm = Force (N) x distance (m)

convection current

a circular movement of air caused by the cycle of warm air raising and cool air sinking

solar cell

a device that changes solar energy into electrical energy

simple machines

a device that helps reduce the amount of force required to do work; simple machines reduce force, not work.

fulcrum

a fixed point around which a lever rotates

inclined plane

a flat, sloping surface

simple electric motor

a machine that turns electrical energy into mechanical energy; • An electric motor changes electrical energy to mechanical energy. • It contains an electromagnet that rotates between the poles of a magnet. • The coil of the electromagnet is connected to a battery or other source of electric current. Device changes: Electrical --> Mechanical/kinetic

electric circuit

a path for the flow of electrical energy

force

a push or a pull

lever

a rigid bar that is free to move around a fulcrum, a fixed point; rigid bar that rest on top of a fulcrum or a pivot point •fulcrum- pivot (turning point), fulcrum closer to load requires less force to move; moves up/down, side/side •don't forget your arm is a lever (elbow-fulcrum, muscle-effort force, pen in hand-load) •FLE-Fulcrum, Load, Effort Force •There are 1st, 2nd and 3rd Class Levers (see image)

voltage source

a source of electrical energy in an electric circuit. The voltage for any electric circuit can come from many different sources. Some common examples are: batteries, power plants, fuel cells.

parallel circuit

an electric circuit with multiple paths for an electric current.

series circuit

an electric circuit with one path for an electric current.

resistor

any device that converts electrical energy into other forms of energy (Ex. light bulb)

insulator

any material that DOES NOT allow electrical current to flow through an electric circuit (plastic, glass, paper, cardboard)

sound energy

can be produced in an electric circuit if a bell, buzzer, radio, or TV is added to the circuit

light energy

can be produced in an electric circuit if a light bulb is added to the circuit

electric motor

changes electrical energy to machanical energy

wedge

consists of one to two back to back inclined planes that can move; examples are knife blades or nails

wheel and axle

consists of two circular objects: a central shaft inserted through the middle of a wheel

switch

device used to open and close an electric circuit

movable pulley

does decrease the effort force

mechanical energy

energy due to the motion and position of an object (potential and kinetic) all energy that is in a moving object (ex: moving car, rolling bicycle, flying airplane, and blowing wind)

electrical energy

energy flowing in an electric circuit, the moving of electric charges (ex. sources of electrical energy: a battery and a generator)

electric current

energy in the form of a flow of charged particles

mechanical kinetic energy

energy of motion, something is moving in all forms of energy for instance thermal, electrical, light & sound (ex. a rock falling from the top of a hill, water going over a dam, releasing a stretched rubber band *verbs show motion)

chemical energy

energy stored in particles of matter (ex. batteries, sugar, food *plants in photosynthesis)

pulley

has a grooved wheel with a rope running along the groove (can either be a fixed or movable pulley); groved wheel and a cable/rope that passes over it

conDuCtion

heat transfer (objects heating up) by Direct Contact/2 objects touching • Heat flows from Hotter to colder objects

conVection

heat transfer by the movement of particles in a fluid, liquid or gas, heat moves up (V); the transfer of heat throughout a liquid or gas by currents; gases and liquids heat up by: warm rising (weighs less), cold sinking (weighs more)

radiation

heat transfer through space without particles of matter colliding or moving to transfer the energy; the transfer of heat energy through empty space or air

screw

inclined planes wrapped around around a cylinder

generator

machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy; • A generator produces an electric current when a coil of wire wrapped around an iron core is rotated near a magnet. •Generators at power plants produce electric energy for our homes. •A generator contains coils of wire that are stationary, and rotating magnets are rotated by turbines. Turbines are huge wheels that rotate when pushed by water, wind, or steam. •Thus mechanical energy is changed to electrical energy by a generator. Smaller generators may be powered by gasoline.

conductor

material that allows electrical current to flow through an electric circuit (ex. Most metals are conductors of electrical current, but Copper wire is the most excellent conductor).

fixed pulley

only changes the direction of the load, but does not decrease force (example a flagpole or a clothesline)

energy

property that enables something to do work, •The ability to do work. If there is no energy, then there is no work done.

gear

rotating machine part having teeth or cogs that move one another to accomplish a task

mass in grams

the amount of matter in an object (NOT weight) measured in grams with a triple beam balance

solar energy

the energy from the SUN, which provides heat and light (the SUN is responsible for all heat on earth)

mechanical potential energy

the energy of an object because of its position or composition (stored energy) stored energy or energy of position, this energy has "potential" to move (ex. rock at the top of a hill, water behind a dam, a stretched rubber band)

thermal energy (heat energy)

the energy of moving particles (also known as heat energy)

magnetic field

the field around a magnet that exerts the magnetic force

magnetism

the force of attraction or repulsion of magnetic materials

weight

the force of gravity's pull on an object

effort force

the force that is applied to do work

Law of Conservation of Energy

the scientific law stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it just changes forms

work

to apply a force to an object and the object moves a distance because of the applied force

attract

to pull towards, move towards

repel

to push away

heat energy (thermal energy)

transfer of thermal energy from a warm object to a cooler object The total energy of the particles in a substance (associated with motion) • faster object (more kinetic)hotter • slower object (less kinetic) colder 3 types of heat energy? Conduction, convection, radiation

electomagnet

•An electromagnet is formed when a wire in an electric circuit is wrapped around an iron core producing a magnetic field. •The magnet that results loses its magnetism if the electric current stops flowing. •Uses electrical energy to make magnetic field (makes a temporary magnet), device doesn't spin.