English - Animal Farm Final Test Study Guide.

Understand the meaning behind this quote - "Rings shall vanish from our noses / And the harness from our back / Bit and spur shall rust forever / Cruel whips no more shall crack," "Beast of England."

We shall be freed from this cruel life, and be released into the freedom of choice.

If you wanted to best prove that Boxer being sent to the knackers is reverting to the conditions on the farm when Jones was in charge, which evidence would you use?

"Let us face it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, nd those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty" (Orwell 5).

From Chapter 1 - What piece of evidence (quote) proves that Mr. Jones is a tyrannical and cruel leader?

"We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in your bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty" (Orwell 5).

Who is Clover?

A good-hearted female cart-horse, and Boxer's close friend. He often suspects the pigs of violating one of the Seven Commandments, but she always blames herself for misremembering them.

Who is Mollie?

A horse on Animal Farm, who leaves the farm in search of the treatment she received before Mr. Jones was expelled. Later in the story, she runs away from Animal Farm. She represents the Privileged Class in Russia, who didn't want to give up their privileges for the sake of a Revolution to improve the lives of the many.

What is Socialism?

A populist economic and political system based on collective, common, or public ownership of the means or production (ie: True ComMunism).

How is the theory of Animalism like true Communism?

Animalism and true Communism both emphasize the idea of communal equality among the population.

As soon as Napoleon takes over, what is the first change that he makes on the farm? Why does Napoleon make this change?

As soon as Napoleon takes over, he announces that the Sunday-morning Meetings would come to an end. He makes this change because he believes that they are unnecessary and a waste of time.

For Benjamin, the "unalterable law of life" means what?

Benjamin believes that hunger, hardship, and disappointment are the unalterable laws of life. This means that no matter what road they choose to take, these three things will always be present in their lives; the animals will always be hungry, their lives will always be difficult, and they will always be disappointed.

Which character would Orwell be in this novel? (Consider his cynical attitude and tone towards the events and the characters).

Benjamin the Donkey.

"If she could have spoken her thoughts, it would have been to say that this was not what they had aimed at when they had set themselves years ago..." Why can't Clover speak her thoughts?

Clover is unable to speak her thoughts because she isn't equipped to fight back against the pigs. She can't read, her thoughts and language are pretty fuzzy, and she isn't, any good at using her words.

Napoleon being addressed as "our leader" is a sign of what government transition?

Communist Society to a Dictatorship.

Who is George Orwell and what was his real name? Why did he use a pen name?

George Orwell is an author credited for writing Animal Farm, a controversial novel allegorizing the Russian Revolution of 1917. George Orwell's real name is Eric Arthur Blair. Orwell uses a pen name because he offended a very powerful national leader by depicting them as a pig. To avoid Stalin's attention, he used a pen name to hide himself from the public.

The character, Old Major, symbolizes what?

German Political Economist Karl Marx.

"They were fine... willing workers and good comrades, but very stupid. None of them proved able to learn the alphabet beyond the letter B. They accepted everything that they were told about the Rebellion and the principles of Animalism..." Who is Orwell really criticizing here?

Humans who blindly trust the government.

What does the name change of "Manor Farm" to "Animal Farm" most likely represent?

It represented the "success" of the revolution. Allegorically, it represents Russia and the Soviet Union under Communist Party Rule.

Who does Mollie's character and eventual actions most likely represent?

Mollie's character and actions best represents the privileged class during the Russian Revolution. They liked things the way they were because they were treated nicely, and didn't want things to change. This is demonstrated in Mollie's special treatment when compared to the other animals, and the fact that she ran away to another human so she could be treated nicely again.

Why do Napoleon and Snowball take the lead at making resolutions for the farm?

Napoleon and Snowball take the lead in making resolutions for the farm to gain control over the farm.

How is Napoleon able to establish himself as a leader?

Napoleon raises some dogs from their births to be his relentless military. He uses them to drive out Snowball, his main competitor, and to keep the rest of the animal in line. He uses this method of Terror to establish in a position of leaderships.

Why do they blame the destruction of the windmill on Snowball?

Napoleon uses Snowball as a scapegoat to cover up his own mistakes.

Napoleon is like Stalin in that he...

Napoleon was a dictator, similar to the way that Stalin was. Under their rule, their groups changed from a pleasant-ish society to a military-ruled, fear-enforced society, Napoleon and Stalin both killed anyone who got in their way, had rivals that they wanted to kill, and made rules that benefitted only themselves.

What does Old Major's dream eventually encourage the animals to do?

Old Major's dream eventually convinces the Animals to undergo a Revolution against Mr. Jones.

Why is cheating at cards the final act that makes humans and pigs indistinguishable?

Readers can see that the pigs have mastered the human forms of corruption.

Which line / quote from Old Major's speech reveals to us the core message of The Seven Commandments?

Remember also that while fighting against man, we shall not come to resemble him.

How is Squealer able to convince the animals that the pigs deserve the milk?

Squealer uses Propaganda to convince the animals that the pigs deserve the milk. He says that it is absolutely necessary to a big to drink milk, so much so that they will die without it.

After Napoleon takes over, how are the pigs able to persuade the other animals?

Squealer, the Propaganda Pig, constantly reminds the Animals of Mr. Jones. He uses his memory as a way to persuade the other animals that what Napoleon is doing is the best (and only) option. He uses Jones as a sort of threat, saying "if this doesn't happen, Jones would come back," and statements similar to that.

Who is Squealer?

The "Propaganda Pig." Squealer is the pig who spreads napoleon's propaganda among the other animals. Some of this propaganda includes false statistics and their monopolization of resources. He represents Propaganda and the Media at the time of the Russian Revolution.

At the pigs' party, the humans compare the lower, less intelligent animals to...

The Lower Class.

What event in history is represented in this line/quote?: "Nevertheless, [Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick] were both thoroughly frightened by the rebellion on Animal Farm, and very anxious to prevent their own animals from learning too much about it."

The Red Scares.

Animal Farm is an allegorical satire on what historical event?

The Russian Revolution of 1917.

What do The Seven Commandments best represent?

The Seven Commandments best represent the power of propaganda and the malleable nature of History.

Why do the animals admire Boxer?

The animals admire Boxer for his strength.

Who is Mr. Jones?

The former owner of Manor Farm (Animal Farm), who treats his animals like trash. He overworks them and takes advantage of their physical abilities at every chance he gets. This sparks Old Major's dream of an animal-run farm, which leads to the Animal Revolution. Mr. Jones represents Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, who is also overthrown by their people.

Who is Mr. Whymper?

The human layer who Napoleon hires to represent Animal Farm in the Human Society.

Hiding the food shortage from the outside world best satirizes...

The manner in which totalitarian regimes keep their internal crises hidden from the public eye.

What leads to the Battle of the Cowshed?

The news of the rebellion that occurred on Animal Farm had spread to other farms across half of the country. This angered Jones and a few other local farmers, which led them to make an attempt at stopping the animals. This leads to the Battle of the Cowshed.

Who is Benjamin?

The old donkey who refuses to feel inspired by the Rebellion. He firmly believes that life will remain unpleasant no matter who is in charge. He believes that the unalterable laws of life include hunger, hardship, and disappointment. He represents the intellectuals who failed to oppose Stalin.

Who is Old Major?

The old pig that gives the Animals the idea of a revolution; he dies in the beginning of the story.

Who is Mr. Pilkington?

The owner of Foxwood Farm, a farm that neighbors Animal Farm. He is an easygoing gentleman farmer who spent most of his time fishing or hunting according to the seasons. He represents Hitler, the rules of Nazi Germany.

Who is Snowball?

The pig who leads the Battle of the Cowshed. After coming up with the idea of the Windmill and using it to gain power over Napoleon, Napoleon uses his dogs to chase Snowball out of the farm, and claims the idea of the Windmill as his own. Snowball represents Leon Trotsky, Stalin's main rival.

Who is Napoleon?

The pig-dictator of Animal Farm. Napoleon's character satirizes Stalin, and the similarities between how they came to power: terror and military forces.

What does the closing line of Animal Farm mean?

They lost the ability to discern who is a friend and who is a foe by trading one tyrant for another (IE: They can't tell the difference between their enemies and their "friends."

How are the pigs able to break the Commandments without a general outcry from the rest of the animals?

The pigs are able to break the Commandments because they technically aren't breaking them. Nightly, Squealer the Pig edits the Commandments written on the wall by adding descriptive words (for example: "To excess." "with sheets," etc).

Why did the work of organizing and teaching about the rebellion fall naturally with the pigs?

The pigs are naturally smarter than the other animals; the other animals are incapable of thinking in the ways that the pigs are capable of.

Who is Minimus?

The poet pig who writes verses about Napoleon and replaces "Beasts of England" with "Animal Farm."

Who is Moses?

The raven who constantly spreads rumors of a place called "Sugarcandy Mountain," where all the animals will live in everlasting peace and joy after they die. He represents the Russian Orthodox Church.

What effect does the revolution of the animals on Animal Farm have on the rest of the animals throughout the country?

The rest of the animals throughout the country begin to adopt the principles of Animalism, and some of the farm owners actually have some troubles controlling the animals.

What do Napoleon's dogs symbolize?

The secret organizations and operations of the Russian police. They represent how governments use military force to intimidate society. For example, Stalin and Napoleon both used brutal military force to strike fear into their peoples.

What is the real reason "Beast of England" is replaced?

The song "Beasts of England" is replaced because Napoleon doesn't want the idea of a Revolution in the minds of the animals. He doesn't want them to realize that revolting against him is an option, so he removes anything that might influence their opinions towards that direction.

How is Animal Farm an allegory?

The story of Animal Farm allegorizes the Russian Revolution of 1917; it describes the time when the Czar was overthrown by the Bolsheviks, and how Stalin rose to power.

Who is Boxer?

The strong and physically-powerful, overworked horse. Boxer represents the overworked peasant workers of Russia. Due to his old age and his injured hoof, he is tricked into thinking he is being sent to the hospital, when instead he is being sent to the knackers to be slain.

Who is Muriel?

The white goat who reads the Seven Commandments to Clover whenever Clover suspects the pigs of violating their prohibitions.

Who are Jessie and Bluebell?

They are dogs, each of whom gives birth early in the novel. Napoleon takes the puppies in order to "educate" them.

What does the sheep's bleating "Four legs good, two legs bad" symbolize?

This bleating symbolizes the newfound unity between all Animals and the unanimous hatred towards Humans.

Napoleon changes the name of Animal Farm to The Manor Farm to symbolize...

This symbolizes that everything has come full circle. It shows that the Animals don't own the farm; the pigs own the farm.