english exam
complex sentence
1 dependent clause and 2 independent clauses
simple sentence
1 independent clause
compound sentence
2 independent clauses
how long was the crew stranded on elephant island
4 months
3 conflicts in animal farm
Napoleon and snowball, the animals and mr. jones, the battle of the cowshed
syntax
Sentence structure
memior
a mode of life narrative
card stacking
an example of propaganda that involves only presenting information that is positive to an idea or proposal and omitting information contrary to it. "this new road will improve traffic problems"
bandwagon
an example of propaganda that is an appeal to the subject to follow the crowd to join in because other are doing so as well "everybody's drinking zinger cola"
commentary of a schaffer paragraph
analysis, opinion, explanation, opinionated, more than one explanation
coaxer
author's reason for writing
what was the goal of endurance's expedition
be the first to cross the continent of antarctica from one side to the other
bandwagon
beasts of england song
in the boats, why were the men becoming dehydrated
because they were absorbing salt water through their skin
5 examples of subordinating conjunctions
before, that, since, because, after
all sentence are made up of:
clauses
what does animalism equal?
communism
which type of sentence uses a subordinating conjunction?
complex
which type of sentence uses a coordinating conjunction
compound
plain folks
day and night, we are looking out for your welfare (pigs)
style
diction and syntax
clauses
do have subjects and verbs
phrases
do not have subjects and verbs
what can a verb do
express mental action
what can a verb do
express physical action
concrete detail of a schaffer paragraph
fact, example, quotation, story, etc. introduced with tranistions
topic sentence of a schaffer paragraph
first sentence, general statement, not specific
coordinating conjunction
for, and , nor, but, or, yet, so
before endurance's expedition, shackleton was already famous
he had made a previous unsuccessful attempt to be the first to reach the south pole.
why did shackelton order the fires to be burned down
he knew they were stuck in the ice for the winter
shackelton asks twice, "can stay where we are" what does he actually mean?
he meant they really had no other choice
Who does Mr. Jones represent?
he represents czar nicholas II of russia who was overthrown in the russian revolution, just as he overthrown by the animals
What does Mr. Pilkington represent?
he represents england
who does mr. fredrick represent?
he represents germany and hitler
Who does Napoleon represent?
he represents joseph stalin, the leader of the communist soviet union
who does old major represent?
he represents karl marx who created the theory of communism but died before the revolution took place
Who does Snowball represent?
he represents leon trotsky, who was exiled from the sovet union and eventually assasinated
what does sqealer represent?
he represents pravda, the communist newspaper in the soviet union
Who does Moses represent?
he represents religion
what does benjamin represent?
he represents the cynical people who did not believe that the revolution would be successful
who does boxer represent?
he represents the proletariat, the working class who believed that communism would make their lives better but who were betrayed by stalin
what later happened to shackleton
he returned to england as a hero and served as an officer in russia in WWI and he died of a heart attack and was buried on south georgia island
how did percy blackborrow come to be on board endurance?
he was a stowaway
who was snowball?
he was the idealistic pig who was eventually driven away from the farm by napoleon, who said he was a traitor who was an ally of mr. jones.
who is mr. whymper?
he was the local solicitor engaged by napoleon to represent the farm in business dealings
who is old major?
he was the old boar who calls the animals together to tell them about his dream. he teaches them about animalism., teaches them the "beast of england" song and tells them to work for the rebellion
who is benjamin?
he was the old donkey who was cynical and said very little. he was devoted to boxer, and he is the only one who realizes the pigs are changing the commandments. he is one of the few animals left at the end who still remembers the rebellion.
who is mr. frederick?
he was the owner of a neighboring farm called pinchfield. he was a tough, shrewd man who managed his farm well and was known for driving hard bargains
who is mr. jones
he was the owner of manor farm, a lazy man who did not manage his farm well and was sometimes cruel to his animals.
who is mr. pilkington?
he was the owner of the other neighboring farm, foxwood. he was easy-going, didn't keep up his farm, and spent most of his time hunting or fishing
who was napoleon?
he was the pig who became the eventual leader of the farm. he was cruel, ruthless, and egotistical.
Who is Squealer?
he was the pig who was sent to deliver the pigs descisions to all the other animals. he was a master at using propaganda to persuade the other animals.
who is minimus from animal farm?
he was the pig who wrote poems to glorify napoleon
who is moses?
he was the tame raven who told the animals about sugarcandy mountain, which is sort of heaven for animals. the animals disliked him because he told tales and did no work.
who is boxer from animal farm?
he was the workhorse of the farm, a huge horse who was very loyal. all the other animal respected him for his dedication. his two sayings were "I will work harder" and "Napoleon is always right." napoleon sold him to the glue factory when he was injured and no longer able to work.
what effect do icebergs have on living things?
icebergs enrich the ocean with minerals and nutrients which nuture living things, and they provide food for other living things
utopia
ideally perfect place, especially perfect place in its social, political, and moral aspects.
namecalling
man is the enemy
which man almost started a mutiny?
mcneish
chunk of a schaffer pararaph
must be kept together before new idea
achronological
not in time order
after nearly losing holness and the boss, why were the men happier and in better spirits than before?
now, they had a plan and work to do and were hopeful and optimistic that they could finally do something to try to help themselves
setting
place where it occurs and time in which it occurs
3 themes in animal farm
power corrupts, those with power will take advantage of those who do not have power, words (propaganda) can be used to manipulate
example of transfer
ribbons are a badge of slavery
who is mollie from animal farm?
she is the pretty, spoiled mare who pulled Mr. Jones's buggy. she loves sugar lumps and ribbons in her mane. she left the farm voluntarily. she hid in her stall during the battle of cowshed.
what does mollie represent from animal farm?
she represents those who left the soviet union for other countries which had more to offer them
who was clover?
she was the mare who was also a hard worker, and she was one of the few animals left at the end who still remembered the rebellion. she was kind and loyal to boxer
internal conflict
some of the animals knew that things were not quite right but couldn't figure out exactly what the pigs were doing.
allegory
story that can be read on two different levels
concluding sentence of a schaffer paragraph
sums up entire paragraph, same idea as topic sentence in different words, general statement
what is animal farm an allegory for?
the Russian revolution and the rise of communism in the Soviet Union
card stacking
the building of the windmill
what is the historical background on animal farm
the events in animal farm mirror the events in russian revolution and the rise of communism in the soviet union. the animals overthrow an ineffective owner, just as the russian people overthrew Nicholas II. the animals on the farm represent leaders in the communist party, who eventually became even more corrupt than the government they had replaced.
why did shackleton order the cook to add large chunks of blubber to the crew's food?
the men needed the fat and calories to keep from freezing
emplotment
the order in which the story is told
the small icebergs are called growlers because:
the small icebergs make a growling noise
when the james caird landed on south georgia island:
they had to climb mountains and walk 27 miles to get to the whaling station
in the boats when worsley first took a sighting of the sun, he and shackleton were disappointed and kept information from the crew. why?
they had traveled 30 miles backwards
why did the men discard their lucky talismans?
they knew they could only take things that would help them stay alive
why did most of the dogs have to be killed
they required to much food, and they couldnt take them in the boats
bovril sledging rations were important because:
they would prevent scurvy
chronological
time order
why did George Orwell choose to tell animal farm as an allegory?
to get his point across without writing directly about the soviet union
what is one reason the author includes "just imagine" in the text
to help readers understand the harsh conditions in antarctica and make them wonder how shackelton and all his men survived
how did shackleton use his nightmare to his benefit?
to plan for all the things that could go wrong
transfer
type of propaganda is an attempt to make the subject view a certain item in the same way that they view another item, to link the two in the subjects mind. "baseball, hot dogs, apple pie, and chevrolet...."
plain folks
type of propaganda that is an attempt by the propagandist to convince the public that his views reflect those of the common person. "i'm looking out for you, the ordinary citizen, in washington
assertion
type of propaganda that is an enthusiastic statement presented as a fact, although it is not necessarily true. "sudsy detergent is the best detergent on the market."
name calling
type of propaganda that is the use of derogatory language or words that carry a negative connotation when describing an enemy "my opponent is a liar and a coward"
fear
type of propaganda that persuades by frightening people about the consequences if they don't do what the propagandist wants them to do "vote for candidate smith or your taxes will increase"
Glittering Generalities
type of propaganda that the words are linked to highly valued concepts. when these words are used, they demand approval without thinking, simply because such an important concept is involved. "people who love freedom will vote for candidate jones"
testimonials
type of propaganda that used quotations or endorsements which attempt to connect a famous or respectable person with a product or item "ms. beautiful movie star uses this product every day."
example of situational irony in animals farm
when napoleon names the mill after himself
example of dramatic irony in animal farm
when squealer tells the other animals that boxer died peacefully in the hospital
example of dramatic irony in animal farm
when the pigs announce that napoleon is dying
example of dramatic irony in animal farm
when the pigs change the commandments
example of situational irony in animal farm
when the pigs hold a memorial banquet to honor boxer that is financed by his sale to the slaughterhouse
diction
word choice
example of fear
you wouldn't want Jones to come back would you?
