English II: The Development of English Unit Test Review

Which of the following contribute to changes in language

-New Ideas -Historical events -Individuals -Discoveries -Inventions

What is the normal use of formal English?

-college lectures -literature -technical reports

Which of the following contribute to reduction of distinctions in dialects?

-education -Television

What is the normal use of informal English?

-letter to friend -conversation on th ephone

A lesson in this unit discusses the old-fashioned and modern methods of punctuating sentences. Which of these terms name those two methods of punctuation?

-rhetorical -structural

The two types of bases to which affixes are added are: _____.

-stems -roots

phonetic

A system of spelling in which each sound is represented by a single character

euphemism

An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant

standard english

English usage which has gained literary, cultural, and social acceptance as appropriate for educated speakers

nonstandard

English usage which has not gained widespread literary, cultural or social acceptance

The three major American regional dialects are _____.

General American, New England, and Southern`

Latin, Greek, English, and Balto-Slavic are all

Indo-European languages

Every culture has a name for a deity.

TRUE

doublets

Two forms of the same word

The Normans were originally _____.

Vikings

Figurative meaning

When the words mean something other than what they say.

orthography

a system of spelling

archaic

a word no longer in use but retained in the language for literary or poetic use

obsolete

a word which is no longer used in speech or writing

allusion

an external reference

Connotation

association or suggestion

etymology

association or suggestion

osteo

bone

Generalization

broadening in meaning

slang

colorful and eccentric language used by a particular social group; newly coined forms not yet accepted as informal idiom

imperative mood

command

propaganda

convinces through connotations

back formation

creation of a new word by removing an affix from an old word

inflection

ending denoting grammatical function

infinitive mood

expresses an action or state without reference to any subject.

British English contains more archaic words than does American English.

false

English pronoun forms show gender and case only.

false

Pronunciation is more likely to remain constant than spelling

false

The effect of propaganda depends only on the connotative meanings of words.

false

The majority of Modern English words are derived from Anglo-Saxon

false

One Old English word that has survived into Modern English is _____.

father

idiom

form of expression peculiar to a language or dialect and approved by usage; often has a meaning different from what the literal wording implies

goobledygook

formal, pretentious, wordy, redundant writing which uses abstract or technical terms inappropriately

amerliorate

gaining a positive connotation

affix

morpheme added to a base

declension

noun inflections

hetero

other

Three types of verbals are

participles, gerunds, and infinitives

The Germanic Consonant Shift illustrates which type of linguistic change?

pronunciation

A dialect shaped by geographic location is a(n) _____.

regional dialect

syntax

relations of sentence parts

specialization

restricting in meaning

jargon

specialized vocabulary of a particular trade, sect, or profession; also called "shop talk."

referent

symbol for thing or concept

Word order and word relationships are aspects of _____.

syntax

telescoping

the blending of two word to make one new one

denotative meaning

the literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase

pejorative

the process of word gaining a negative meaning

The major consideration in distinguishing the major regional dialects is _____.

the pronunciation of vowel sounds

Morphology

the relationship of word parts (base, affixes, inflections)

Etymology is derived from two Greek words and means _____.

the study of original word meaning

Anglicize

to make a borrowed word resemble English in pronunciation, spelling

During the Renaissance, spelling and pronunciation were more flexible than they are today.

true

Everyone speaks a dialect

true

Final e's were pronounced in Chaucer's time.

true

The name February commemorates a festival of purification .

true

Words can be borrowed from "dead" languages.

true

indicative mood

used for statements of fact or ask questions

subjunctive mood

used to express doubt or a conditional attitude

informal english

variety of standard English used in casual and intimate conversations, letters, etc

formal english

variety of standard written English used to express abstract or sophisticated ideas as are found in research papers or literary criticism

conjunction

verb inflections

cognate

word that comes from the same root as another with the same meaning, as German wasser and English water.

general english

written or spoken variety of standard English used by most educated speakers