English/Language Arts
Read the passage below and use it to answer the questions that follow. 1Thanks to the internet, I was able to find a car with great speed. 2Reading about the options available and to take virtual test drives were two of my favorite features. 3Online shopping is definitely your best option if you're in the market for a new car. Which of the below changes would most improve the clarity of sentence one? A. "Thanks to the internet, I was able to quickly find a car." B. "I was able to find a car with great speed, thanks to the internet." C. "Using the internet, I found a car with speed." D. No change.
A. "Thanks to the internet, I was able to quickly find a car."
The image below details the structure of an expository essay using which of the following resource materials? Argument/Claim/ Thesis statement Evidence 1 Evidence 2 Evidence 3 Conclusion A. A graphic organizer A. A tree diagram C. A pictograph D. A scatter plot
A. A graphic organizer also known as a knowledge map, concept map, story map, cognitive organizer, advance organizer, or concept diagram is a pedagogical tool that uses visual symbols to express knowledge and concepts through relationships between them.
During which of the following phases of the writing process should a student examine the organizational structure of his essay? A. Editing B. Proofreading C. Brainstorming D. All of the above.
A. Editing
Miss Caron creates a list of ten words and then asks her student to tell her the opposite of each one. Given this method of instruction, which of the following skills is Miss Caron most likely interested in measuring? A. Expressive skills B. Receptive skills C. Selectivity D. Rhetorical skills
A. Expressive skills the skills necessary to form thoughts and express them using appropriate word and grammar combinations
Which of the following skills would not necessarily be associated with a metacognitive reader? A. Highly-developed word recognition ability B. The ability to recognize errors or contradictions in a text C. Awareness of one's own biases D. Applying different reading strategies to different types of text
A. Highly-developed word recognition ability
Which of the following would be classified as an imperative sentence? A. Keep your flashlight with you at all times. B. I like long walks on the beach. C. Gentlemen, start your engines! D. Where do you want to go today?
A. Keep your flashlight with you at all times.
Read the following excerpt from Thomas Hardy's "The Darkling Thrush", and then answer the question(s) that follow. (1) I leant upon a coppice gate (2) When Frost was spectre-gray, (3) And Winter's dregs made desolate (4) The weakening eye of day (5) The tangled bine-stems scored the sky (6) Like strings of broken lyres, (7) And all mankind that haunted nigh (8) Had sought their household fires. Which of the above lines provide an example of a slant rhyme? A. Lines 1 and 3 B. Lines 2 and 4 C. Lines 5 and 7 D. Lines 6 and 8
A. Lines 1 and 3
Read the passage below, and then answer the question(s) that follow. It was now high day, cloudless, and very hot. The valley was as clear as in a picture. About half a mile up the water was a camp of red-coats; a big fire blazed in their midst, at which some were cooking; and nearby, on the top of a rock about as high as ours, there stood a sentry, with the sun sparkling on his arms. All the way down along the riverside were posted other sentries; here near together, there more widely scattered; some planted like the first, on places of command, some on the ground level and marching and counter-marching, so as to meet half way. Higher up the glen. Where the ground was more open, the chain of posts was continued by horse-soldiers, whom we could see in the distance riding to and fro. Lower down, the infantry continued; but as the stream was suddenly swollen by the confluence of a larger one, they were more widely set, and only watched the fords and stepping-stones. --Robert Louis Stevenson, Kidnapped, 1886 The above text can best be classified as which of the following? A. Prose B. Non-fiction C. Poetry D. A play
A. Prose noun 1.written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure:"a short story in prose" 2.another term for sequence verb 1.talk tediously:"prosing on about female beauty" 2.compose in or convert into prose.
The underlined section in the sentence that follows is an example of what type of usage error? One of Charles Dickens' most marked characteristics is the extraordinary wealth and richness of his invention. A. Redundancy B. Faulty parallelism C. An amphiboly D. Subject-verb agreement
A. Redundancy def.: Redundancy in writing is the unnecessary repetition or duplication of words, phrases, sentences, ideas and information etc. - anything that could be omitted without loss of significance or meaning.
Which of the following is not true about rhetorical questions? A. They are meant to be answered by the audience after the speaker has finished. B. They are an effective form of audience interaction. C. They are useful to introduce a subject. D. They are actually declarative statements phrased in an interrogatory form.
A. They are meant to be answered by the audience after the speaker has finished.
What would most likely explain a child's development of print awareness at home before they have started school? A. They've had multiple exposures to text within their environment B. They possess a highly developed vocabulary C. English is their first language and spoken exclusively at home D. They were raised in a bilingual home
A. They've had multiple exposures to text within their environment
Anaphora, the repetition of a certain phrase in rhetorical speech, is most effective for: A. creating a feeling of building excitement or importance. B. creating a mood of objective, academic analysis C. simplifying and streamlining the material presented D. highlighting the underlying logic of an argument
A. creating a feeling of building excitement or importance.
Which of the following would not be considered a proper example of correct syllabication? A. do-zen B. cof-fee C. plu-ral D. cha-os
A. do-zen should be : doz-en
A recipe from a cookbook would be considered which type of writing? A. expository B. narrative C. argumentative D. interpretive
A. expository writing that seeks to explain, illuminate or 'expose'
Which of the following is considered the best predictor of a child's success in learning to read? A. phonemic awareness and understanding of letters B. oral vocabulary C. analytical skills and overall intelligence D. creativity
A. phonemic awareness and understanding of letters
The idea that, in English, words are made up of letters that approximate the sounds heard when we speak these words is called...... A. the alphabetic principle B. phonics C. pragmatics D. fast mapping
A. the alphabetic principle def. : The alphabetic principle is the understanding that letters represent sounds which form words; it is the knowledge of predictable relationships between written letters and spoken sounds.
Clues to a word's connotative meanings can usually be found in all of the following except _______. A. the presence of blends B. its etymology C. the context in which it is used D. its historic usage
A. the presence of blends
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. "Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door- Only this, and nothing more." Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December, And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow;- vainly I had sought to borrow From my books surcease of sorrow- sorrow for the lost Lenore- For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore- Nameless here for evermore. The narrator in the poem could be considered ____________. A. unreliable and haunted by loss B. omniscient C. digressive and prone to use of jargon D. a religious martyr
A. unreliable and haunted by loss
Which of the following advertisements relies most on an appeal to emotion? A. A dentist recommends a certain type of toothpaste. B. A car is shown driving through a beautiful countryside. C. An average person describes how a product changed his life. D. A talking dog belittles competing products.
B. A car is shown driving through a beautiful countryside.
Which of the following is not a clear example of how semantics has changed over time? A. Homosexuals embracing the term gay to describe members of their community. B. A father reads a book to his son about America's "guerilla warfare tactics" in the Revolutionary War, but the son thinks he meant "gorilla warfare tactics". C. A snowboarder telling his friend that he killed it on his run, meaning it as a compliment. D. Because of Kleenex's wide-spread popularity, many people now say, "do you need a Kleenex?" instead of using the word "tissue".
B. A father reads a book to his son about America's "guerilla warfare tactics" in the Revolutionary War, but the son thinks he meant "gorilla warfare tactics".
In the sentence, "I ran quickly to get out of the rain," the word "quickly" would be considered which of the following? A. An adjective B. An adverb C. A conjunction D. An interjection
B. An adverb
In which of the following sentences is the underlined word used correctly? A. Martha always ensures that there is no elicit material in a movie before allowing her teenage daughter to watch it. B. David was arrested by the police for possession of illicit drugs. C. When I was going through my divorce, Elizabeth offered me great council. D. Rodrigo was elected student counsel treasurer for the second year in a row.
B. David was arrested by the police for possession of illicit drugs. Elicit is a verb. It is a synonym of evoke, where that word has the meaning to draw out. Illicit is an adjective. It means illegal or otherwise forbidden.
According to the Common Core standards for language progressive skills, what is the earliest grade in which a student would be expected to produce complete sentences, recognizing and correcting inappropriate fragments and run-ons? A. Grade 1 B. Grade 3 C. Grade 6 D. Grade 8
B. Grade 3
Read the excerpt below from White Fang by Jack London (1906) and answer the question(s) that follow. (1) Once, lying awake, he heard a strange sound in the white wall. (2) He did not know that it was a wolverine, standing outside, all a-tremble with its own daring, and cautiously scenting out the contents of the cave. (3) The cub knew only that the sniff was strange, a something unclassified, therefore unknown and terrible - for the unknown was one of the chief elements that went into the making of fear. (4) The hair bristled up on the grey cub's back, but it bristled silently. (5) How was he to know that this thing that sniffed was a thing at which to bristle? (6) It was not born of any knowledge of his, yet it was the visible expression of the fear that was in him, and for which in this own life, there was no accounting. (7) But fear was accompanied by another instinct - that of concealment. (8) The cub was in a frenzy of terror, yet he lay without movement or sound, frozen, petrified into immobility, to all appearances dead. (9) His mother, coming home, growled, as she smelt the wolverine's track, and bounded into the cave and licked and nuzzled him with undue vehemence of affection. (10) And the cub felt that somehow he had escaped a great hurt. Which of the following best describes the point of view from which the excerpt above is written? A. Unreliable first-person narration B. Omniscient third-person narration C. Reliable second-person narration D. Limited third-person narration
B. Omniscient third-person narration The third-person omniscient point of view is a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in the story.
A three-year-old mistakenly says "I go-ed" instead of "I went". This is an example of which of the following? A. Underextension B. Over-regularization C. Telegraphic Speech D. A lack of phonemic awareness
B. Over-regularization def: part of the language-learning process in which children extend regular grammatical patterns to irregular words, such as the use of "goed " for "went", or "tooths" for "teeth".
Read the excerpt below from the article "Art in the Eye of Beholding Bureaucrats", appearing on Spencer Speaks (www.spencerspeaks.com) the Weblog of former Denver Post and Chicago Tribune columnist Jim Spencer. Then answer the questions that follow. 1It's been more than three months since Mike Mahaney had to worry about graffiti scarring the sides of his shop on South Broadway.2The taggers stopped painting Mahaney's Headed West store in April. 3They stopped because he hired some artists to paint a mural of Alice in Wonderland on one side of the store. 4Paintings of Jerry Garcia, Bob Marley, Jim Morrison and Janis Joplin cover another side.5In a metro area like Denver, where graffiti is not only an eyesore but a predictor of gang activity, substituting art for vandalism might seem like a good thing. 6Yet Englewood officials are prosecuting Mahaney for doing just that.7"I'll plead not guilty," Mahaney said of his scheduled August 22 appearance for what the city claims are sign code violations. Using MLA format, how would you cite the above article as a source in the bibliography of an academic research paper? A. Jim Spencer. Art in the Eye of Beholding Bureaucrats. www.spencerspeaks.com. August 3rd, 2007. B. Spencer, Jim. "Art in the Eye of Beholding Bureaucrats." Spencer Speaks 3 August 2007. http://www.spencerspeaks.com C. Art in the Eye of Beholding Bureaucrats by Jim Spencer. Posted 8/3/07 on www.spencerspeaks.com D. Spencer, Jim. Art in the Eye of Beholding Bureaucrats. Aug. 3, 2007. Taken from Spencer Speaks (http://www.spencerspeaks.com)
B. Spencer, Jim. "Art in the Eye of Beholding Bureaucrats." Spencer Speaks 3 August 2007. http://www.spencerspeaks.com ex.: An individual webpage should be in quotation marks. The name of the parent website, which MLA treats as a "container," should follow in italics: Lundman, Susan. "How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow, www.ehow.com/how_10727_make-vegetarian-chili.html.*
Which of the following is not considered one of the four key elements to good listening? A. Understanding what is said. B. Taking notes on what is said. C. Evaluating what is said. D. Making a response.
B. Taking notes on what is said.
Most languages are similar in which respect? A. The vocabulary of each language is based on Latin roots. B. The basic principles of phrase structure (i.e. subject/predicate) C. The role of volume and tempo in conveying meaning. D. The use of similar symbols to represent phonemes.
B. The basic principles of phrase structure (i.e. subject/predicate)
What is the key difference between a novel and the movie version of the novel? A. Movies have a "Hollywood ending". B. The movie is an interpretation of the novel by the director, script writers, and actors. C. Due to time constraints, the movie excludes parts of the novel. D. The movie cannot show you what the characters are thinking.
B. The movie is an interpretation of the novel by the director, script writers, and actors.
Which of the following would qualify as an example of "exceptional" language development for a three-year-old child? A. Using the future tense ("I will go to school when I'm older") B. Understanding the use of metaphors C. The correct usage of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions (and, but, or) D. The use of question words (who, what, where, when, why)
B. Understanding the use of metaphors
Read the passage below, then answer the questions that follow. 1Pete's an expert scrounger. 2His eyes are sharp, and he's always on the lookout for a salable piece of goods, even if he can only get a nickel for it. 3One night, we're sitting in a jungle near Sacramento, trying to figure out whether to go north for the grapes, or south for the grapes. 4They're all over California, you know, and they pay pretty well. 5Pete, as usual, is out looking, and pretty soon he comes back into camp with this thing in his hand. 6He handles it like it was hot, but he's pleased he's found it, because he hopes to merchandise it. 7So he walks up to me, and says, "Hey, Eddie. What'll you gimme for this, huh?" --Edward G. Robles, See?, Project Guttenberg 2009 Which of the following literary elements is not employed by the author? A. Direct quotation of characters' speech. B. Use of multiple character perspectives. C. Informal narrative tone, with conversational asides to the reader. D. Colloquial use of the verb 'merchandise' to express character's specific voice.
B. Use of multiple character perspectives. def: Multiple points of view allow your reader to learn what drives each of your characters to do things they may do.
When evaluating media for academic purposes, which of the following questions best encapsulates the aim when investigating the authority of a resource? A. How reliable and free from error is this information? B. What are the author's qualifications for writing on this subject? C. Is the information presented with a minimum of bias? D. Are the topics included explored in depth?
B. What are the author's qualifications for writing on this subject?
When great writers break the "rules of effective writing," these deviations are typically done _____________. A. because the writers have earned the right to do so B. intentionally and with purpose C. because the writers have a total disregard for the rules D. infrequently and mistakenly
B. intentionally and with purpose
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. "Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door- Only this, and nothing more." Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December, And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow;- vainly I had sought to borrow From my books surcease of sorrow- sorrow for the lost Lenore- For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore- Nameless here for evermore. The poem makes extensive use of which two structural devices? A. onomatopoeia and rhyming couplets B. internal rhyme and alliteration C. satire and paradox D. metaphor and simile
B. internal rhyme and alliteration def.: Alliteration occurs when words beginning with the same consonant are placed in close proximity to each other. Internal rhyme occurs when words rhyme within a line or in the middle of separate lines, or when a word at the end of one line rhymes with a word in the middle
An individual who speaks a language historically related to English may have an advantage in learning English as a second language because _______. A. the affixes of the individual's first language will be similar to English B. many words and roots are likely to have similar spellings and meanings C. the individual may rely on his knowledge of etymology D. the cultures using the two languages will be very similar
B. many words and roots are likely to have similar spellings and meanings
It is most important to take control of your surroundings and minimize audience interaction when you are speaking _________. A. in dyadic communication B. to a large audience C. extemporaneously D. on a technical topic
B. to a large audience
An opera singer holds a note for 10 seconds. The sound she is making employs a ________. A. consonant B. vowel C. rime D. phoneme
B. vowel
How many morphemes are there in the word unintentional? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
C. 4 morphemes: a meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided (e.g. in, come, -ing, forming incoming). "un", "intent", "ion", and "al".
Read the sentence below and answer the question that follows. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error. 61. The above sentence would be classified as which of the following? A. A simple sentence B. A compound sentence C. A complex sentence D. An interrogative sentence
C. A complex sentence A complex sentence is a sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
What is the main idea of the following passage? "Sunday mornings my grandfather presided at his church. And every Sunday afternoon, the family ate chicken. The preacher had to have his Sunday chicken. He was served chicken, but I got chicken feet. Once I left my grandparents' home to play professional baseball, I never ate chicken again. I also didn't attend church until my career was over." A. A weekly dinner brought the family together. B. Chicken feet do not taste good. C. A young man rebels against his upbringing. D. A harsh childhood builds character.
C. A young man rebels against his upbringing.
Read the following excerpt from Thomas Hardy's "The Darkling Thrush", and then answer the question(s) that follow. (1) I leant upon a coppice gate (2) When Frost was spectre-gray, (3) And Winter's dregs made desolate (4) The weakening eye of day (5) The tangled bine-stems scored the sky (6) Like strings of broken lyres, (7) And all mankind that haunted nigh (8) Had sought their household fires. Which of the following best describes the rhyme scheme in the stanza above? A. AABBCCDD B. ABCDABCD C. ABABCDCD D. ABABABAB
C. ABABCDCD
A television commercial advertising a car company's newest model of SUV uses a side-by-side comparison of the features they offer versus those offered by their main competitor. This persuasive technique would best be described as which of the following? A. Appealing to the credibility of the speaker B. Appealing to the emotion of the viewer C. Appealing to logic D. All of the above
C. Appealing to logic
Put the stages of writing development into the correct chronological order. A. Drawing, Scribbling, Producing letter-like forms, Phonemic Awareness, Spelling phonetically, Spelling conventionally B. Scribbling, Drawing, Writing letter sequences, Producing letter-like forms, Spelling phonetically, Spelling conventionally C. Drawing, Scribbling, Producing letter-like forms, Writing letter sequences, Spelling phonetically, Spelling conventionally D. Drawing, Drawing geometric objects, Producing letter-like forms, Writing letter sequences, Segmenting, Blending
C. Drawing, Scribbling, Producing letter-like forms, Writing letter sequences, Spelling phonetically, Spelling conventionally
A student writes a paper for their science class attempting to explain the life cycle of a bluebird. The paper would best be classified as what genre of writing? A. Interpretive B. Analytical C. Expository D. Persuasive
C. Expository def.: writing that exposes facts. In other words, it's writing that explains and educates its readers, rather than entertaining or attempting to persuade them
The sentence, "He liked to play basketball and riding horses," suffers from which of the following usage errors? A. An amphiboly B. Redundancy C. Faulty parallelism D. A double negative
C. Faulty parallelism Faulty parallelism is the use of incorrect structures. It occurs when parts of a sentence mean the same thing but don't use the same form. Faulty Parallelism is the opposite of parallelism
Read the excerpt below from White Fang by Jack London (1906) and answer the question(s) that follow. (1) Once, lying awake, he heard a strange sound in the white wall. (2) He did not know that it was a wolverine, standing outside, all a-tremble with its own daring, and cautiously scenting out the contents of the cave. (3) The cub knew only that the sniff was strange, a something unclassified, therefore unknown and terrible - for the unknown was one of the chief elements that went into the making of fear. (4) The hair bristled up on the grey cub's back, but it bristled silently. (5) How was he to know that this thing that sniffed was a thing at which to bristle? (6) It was not born of any knowledge of his, yet it was the visible expression of the fear that was in him, and for which in this own life, there was no accounting. (7) But fear was accompanied by another instinct - that of concealment. (8) The cub was in a frenzy of terror, yet he lay without movement or sound, frozen, petrified into immobility, to all appearances dead. (9) His mother, coming home, growled, as she smelt the wolverine's track, and bounded into the cave and licked and nuzzled him with undue vehemence of affection. (10) And the cub felt that somehow he had escaped a great hurt. Which of the following words would best characterize the theme explored by the author in the above passage? A. Alienation B. Modernity C. Fear D. Time
C. Fear
Read the passage below and use it to answer the question that follows. 1With its warm weather, sunshine, and dozens of tourist attractions, California draws thousands of visitors from all over the world. 2While cities such as San Diego, Los Angeles, and San Francisco often take center stage, many of the state's smaller towns also present wonderful opportunities for adventure, fun, and relaxation. 3One great small-town tourist stop is Oak Glen, nestled at the base of the San Bernardino Mountains. 4Rooted in a tradition of apple growing, Oak Glen offers visitors a chance to pick their own fruit or buy pies, cobblers and candied apples at numerous stores throughout this charming hillside community. 5Music, hayrides, and even a petting zoo, make this a great destination for clean air and family fun. Which of the following would best be described as the topic sentence of the passage above? A. Sentence 1 B. Sentence 2 C. Sentence 3 D. Sentence 4
C. Sentence 3
Read the excerpt below from the article "Art in the Eye of Beholding Bureaucrats", appearing on Spencer Speaks (www.spencerspeaks.com) the Weblog of former Denver Post and Chicago Tribune columnist Jim Spencer. Then answer the questions that follow. 1It's been more than three months since Mike Mahaney had to worry about graffiti scarring the sides of his shop on South Broadway.2The taggers stopped painting Mahaney's Headed West store in April. 3They stopped because he hired some artists to paint a mural of Alice in Wonderland on one side of the store. 4Paintings of Jerry Garcia, Bob Marley, Jim Morrison and Janis Joplin cover another side.5In a metro area like Denver, where graffiti is not only an eyesore but a predictor of gang activity, substituting art for vandalism might seem like a good thing. 6Yet Englewood officials are prosecuting Mahaney for doing just that.7"I'll plead not guilty," Mahaney said of his scheduled August 22 appearance for what the city claims are sign code violations. Which of the above sentence(s) most strongly suggest(s) that this is an opinion/editorial column? A. Sentence 1 B. Sentences 2, 3, and 4 C. Sentences 5 and 6 D. Sentence 7
C. Sentences 5 and 6
Miss Link spends the day going over a list of words with her class of new readers. Given that the list includes words such as he, me, she, got, hot, not, keep, sleep, and three, it is likely that she is attempting to familiarize her students with which of the following linguistic concepts? A. Decoding B. Letter-Sound Correspondence C. Sight Words D. Compound Words
C. Sight Words def.: words that a reader automatically recognizes without having to use picture clues or sound them out.
Which of the following is not a stage associated with the acquisition of a new spoken language? A. Formulaic speech B. Fluency C. The orthographic stage D. A silent period
C. The orthographic stage In the orthographic stage the words are treated as units. The child has recorded in long-term memory specific information about the orthographic characteristics of the written words which he or she has met.
Which of the following is not considered a prewriting strategy? A. outlining B. webbing C. copy editing D. note taking
C. copy editing
A _____________ speech is pre-planned with an outline but not written out. A. impromptu B. manuscript C. extemporaneous D. expository
C. extemporaneous a speech that is neither totally scripted nor totally spontaneous
A 5-year-old child becomes confused when his father rolls his eyes and says "that guy was really helpful" following an argument with an unhelpful store clerk. The child's confusion is most likely due to: A. limited understanding of the syntax used in his father's sentence B. insufficient cognitive development to understand this adult situation C. lack of understanding of the role of pragmatics in interpreting meaning D. having not yet encountered or learned the definition of the term "sarcasm"
C. lack of understanding of the role of pragmatics in interpreting meaning
An advertisement would best be described as an example of which of the following types of text? A. literary text B. informational text C. persuasive text D. interpretive text
C. persuasive text A persuasive text is a form of non-fiction writing which aims to convince the reader of a certain point of view. The purpose is usually to encourage the reader to buy or do something. Adverts and newspaper columns are good persuasive writing examples.
A child says the phrase "I hungry." This can be considered an example of _______? A. habituation B. underextension C. telegraphic speech D. a dipthong
C. telegraphic speech def.: speech that sounds very much like a telegram, has words arranged in an order that makes sense, and contains almost all nouns and verbs ("get milk", as opposed to saying just "milk")
A teacher shows her student a picture of a fictional creature called a "blurk". She asks them what two of these creatures would be called, and they respond correctly with "blurks". Her students have demonstrated ________. A. the ability to deconstruct meaning using syntactic clues B. phonemic awareness C. the ability to use morphological rules instead of remembering a past experience D. an understanding of how semantics affects the underlying meaning of language
C. the ability to use morphological rules instead of remembering a past experience
At which of the following stages of literacy development would a child first be able to start using phonemic awareness to decode unknown words? A. the pre-alphabetic stage B. the early alphabetic stage C. the late alphabetic stage D. the orthographic stage
C. the late alphabetic stage
Read the passage below, and then answer the question(s) that follow. It was now high day, cloudless, and very hot. The valley was as clear as in a picture. About half a mile up the water was a camp of red-coats; a big fire blazed in their midst, at which some were cooking; and nearby, on the top of a rock about as high as ours, there stood a sentry, with the sun sparkling on his arms. All the way down along the riverside were posted other sentries; here near together, there more widely scattered; some planted like the first, on places of command, some on the ground level and marching and counter-marching, so as to meet half way. Higher up the glen. Where the ground was more open, the chain of posts was continued by horse-soldiers, whom we could see in the distance riding to and fro. Lower down, the infantry continued; but as the stream was suddenly swollen by the confluence of a larger one, they were more widely set, and only watched the fords and stepping-stones. --Robert Louis Stevenson, Kidnapped, 1886 Which of the following best describes the setting of the above passage? A. A desert island B. A gothic mansion C. An alien planet D. A rocky countryside
D. A rocky countryside
When listening, which of the following actions is important when attempting to evaluate what has been said by the speaker? A. Thinking about what you hear. B. Asking questions about what you don't understand. C. Coming to a thoughtful conclusion about what was said. D. All of the above.
D. All of the above. Thinking about what you hear. Asking questions about what you don't understand. Coming to a thoughtful conclusion about what was said.
Which of the following is not a pragmatics issue affecting communication? A. Because a child's older brother often teases him, he now perceives everything the older brother says as an insult, even if it is not intended as such. B. A person interprets a text-message as serious, which was meant as a joke. C. A man leans forward during a conversation to show interest, but his posture is perceived as aggressive. D. An English-language-learner often confuses listeners with his incorrect diction.
D. An English-language-learner often confuses listeners with his incorrect diction.
Read the passage below, then answer the questions that follow. 1Pete's an expert scrounger. 2His eyes are sharp, and he's always on the lookout for a salable piece of goods, even if he can only get a nickel for it. 3One night, we're sitting in a jungle near Sacramento, trying to figure out whether to go north for the grapes, or south for the grapes. 4They're all over California, you know, and they pay pretty well. 5Pete, as usual, is out looking, and pretty soon he comes back into camp with this thing in his hand. 6He handles it like it was hot, but he's pleased he's found it, because he hopes to merchandise it. 7So he walks up to me, and says, "Hey, Eddie. What'll you gimme for this, huh?" --Edward G. Robles, See?, Project Guttenberg 2009 It can be inferred from the author's description of Pete, that the speaker regards Pete as A. A scrapper and thief who should be avoided. B. A confidante, whom he can trust completely, despite Pete's inclinations. C. A dupe who can be taken advantage of for monetary gain. D. An accomplice who can be useful.
D. An accomplice who can be useful.
Which of the following would not be classified as an alphabetically-based language? A. English B. Latin C. German D. Chinese
D. Chinese
When reading a passage, a student recognizes an error in the text. This would best be described as an example of what? A. Semantics B. Literal comprehension C. Critical comprehension D. Metacognition
D. Metacognition def.: thinking about one's thinking. More precisely, it refers to the processes used to plan, monitor, and assess one's understanding and performance
Which of the following is not a feature of the Common Core standards for argumentative writing? A. Introduce claims and organize reasons and evidence clearly. B. Establish and maintain a formal style. C. Use words, phrases, and clauses to clarify the relationships among reasons. D. Organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally and logically.
D. Organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally and logically.
A student has begun to recognize text in larger units, develop broader word recognition, and utilize decoding skills with fluency. These are all indicators that the student has entered which phase of literacy development? A. Pre-alphabetic phase B. Early alphabetic phase C. Late alphabetic phase D. Orthographic phase
D. Orthographic phase Pre-alphabetic phase: students read words by memorizing their visual features or guessing words from their context. Early alphabetic phase: students recognize some letters of the alphabet and can use them together with context to remember words by sight. Late alphabetic phase: readers possess extensive working knowledge of the graphophonemic system, and they can use this knowledge to analyze fully the connections between graphemes and phonemes in words. They can decode unfamiliar words and store fully analyzed sight words in memory. Orthographic phase: In literacy, orthography refers to writing words with the proper letters in the correct order according to accepted usage: that takes place without conscious thought
Read the excerpt below from White Fang by Jack London (1906) and answer the question(s) that follow. (1) Once, lying awake, he heard a strange sound in the white wall. (2) He did not know that it was a wolverine, standing outside, all a-tremble with its own daring, and cautiously scenting out the contents of the cave. (3) The cub knew only that the sniff was strange, a something unclassified, therefore unknown and terrible - for the unknown was one of the chief elements that went into the making of fear. (4) The hair bristled up on the grey cub's back, but it bristled silently. (5) How was he to know that this thing that sniffed was a thing at which to bristle? (6) It was not born of any knowledge of his, yet it was the visible expression of the fear that was in him, and for which in this own life, there was no accounting. (7) But fear was accompanied by another instinct - that of concealment. (8) The cub was in a frenzy of terror, yet he lay without movement or sound, frozen, petrified into immobility, to all appearances dead. (9) His mother, coming home, growled, as she smelt the wolverine's track, and bounded into the cave and licked and nuzzled him with undue vehemence of affection. (10) And the cub felt that somehow he had escaped a great hurt. Which of the above sentences provides the best example of potential foreshadowing by the author? A. Sentence 7 B. Sentence 8 C. Sentence 9 D. Sentence 10
D. Sentence 10
Which of the following sentences does not adhere to correct capitalization rules? A. Martin Luther King gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech in Washington, D.C. B. Derek Jeter has played for the New York Yankees since 1995. C. April and six of her friends went to Six Flags Magic Mountain for her birthday. D. Some studies even show that six-year-olds are as familiar with Joe camel as they are with Mickey mouse.
D. Some studies even show that six-year-olds are as familiar with Joe camel as they are with Mickey mouse.
Read the passage below and use it to answer the question that follows. One of the most unsettling recent public health trends has been rising tobacco use among teenagers. In 1991, 14 percent of eighth graders, 21 percent of tenth graders, and 28 percent of 12th graders smoked. By 1996, those percentages had risen to 21 percent of eighth graders, 30 percent of tenth graders, and 34 percent of twelfth graders. What is most infuriating is that tobacco companies have geared their marketing toward children. Our nation was shocked several months ago to read about tobacco companies' documents detailing their plans to market their products to children. They showed that when industry officials marketed tobacco products to "young adults, they were referring to children as young as 13." [And] their strategy worked. In the first four years that Camel ads featured the cartoon character Joe Camel, smokers under 18 who preferred Camels rose from less than 1 percent to as much as 30 percent of the market. Some studies even show that six-year-olds are as familiar with Joe Camel as they are with Mickey Mouse. --Hon. John Stephen Horn (CA), 1998 Which of the following best describes the writer's pattern of organization in the opening two paragraphs of the passage? A. Building from simple description to complex examples. B. A thesis statement followed by supporting arguments. C. A detailed anecdote followed by a lesson. D. Statistical evidence followed by the main idea.
D. Statistical evidence followed by the main idea.
Read the passage below and use it to answer the question that follows. 1With its warm weather, sunshine, and dozens of tourist attractions, California draws thousands of visitors from all over the world. 2While cities such as San Diego, Los Angeles, and San Francisco often take center stage, many of the state's smaller towns also present wonderful opportunities for adventure, fun, and relaxation. 3One great small-town tourist stop is Oak Glen, nestled at the base of the San Bernardino Mountains. 4Rooted in a tradition of apple growing, Oak Glen offers visitors a chance to pick their own fruit or buy pies, cobblers and candied apples at numerous stores throughout this charming hillside community. 5Music, hayrides, and even a petting zoo, make this a great destination for clean air and family fun. Which of the following sentences contains two independent clauses? A. He's the man who sells cotton candy. B. I rushed to the store, but arrived too late. C. Brian and Mike both received new bikes for Christmas. D. The building was tall; its height was over five hundred feet.
D. The building was tall; its height was over five hundred feet.
In which of the following sentences is the underlined word used correctly? A. The men were accused of trying to insight a riot. B. Hearing about Dave's childhood gave me some incite into his personality. C. The new law produced a positive affect by reducing air pollution. D. The lobbyists were able to affect radical changes in the economic policy.
D. The lobbyists were able to affect radical changes in the economic policy. ex: Affect (verb) means to produce a change or influence something. Effect (noun) indicates an event whereby a change has occurred.
If a teacher emphasizes reading immersion techniques to help familiarize her students with the irregularities in English spellings, she is utilizing which of the following literacy approaches? A. The nativist approach B. The phonics approach C. The alphabetic approach D. The whole language approach
D. The whole language approach
Which of the following would not be considered a complete sentence? A. Even though he had the better arguments, Ty did not win the debate. B. Grant practiced for days on end. C. There'll be a full moon tomorrow. D. Working far into the night in an effort to salvage her little boat.
D. Working far into the night in an effort to salvage her little boat.
In the phrase "the massive green dinosaur" what would be considered the head word? A. the B. massive C. green D. dinosaur
D. dinosaur def: the key word that determines the nature of a phrase
Which of the following is not typically found in Native American folk tales? A. a character who is a trickster B. themes relating to the origins of life and the universe C. anthropomorphic animals D. extended metaphors and complex plot structures
D. extended metaphors and complex plot structures
What is the past participle form of the verb "to study"? A. study B. studies C. studied D. had studied
D. had studied
A teacher shows a class cards with various words and reads them aloud, pronouncing certain written units distinctly. For example: nobody = "no/bo/dy" saxophone = "sax/o/phone" elementary = "el/em/en/ta/ry" This exercise is an example of ________. A. morpheme division B. phonic construction C. phonemic segmentation D. syllabication
D. syllabication def.: the act, process, or method of forming or dividing words into syllables (syl·lab·i·ca·tion)