ENP Terms

Loss of DBMS

end result is loss of up-to-date ALI being available to the PSAP

FirstNet

federal initiative creating a network of networks to support public safety responders nationwide - First Responder Network Authority

Emergency Service Routing Key (ESRK)

number that uniquely identifies a wireless emergency call, is used to route the call through the network, and used to retrieve the associated ALI data.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

PTSD

post traumatic stress disorder - intrusive recollections, avoidance/numbing behaviors, hyperarousal

Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978

prohibits discrimination in employment against pregnant women

Secondary PSAP

receives 911 calls that are transferred from a primary PSAP

Emergency Call Routing Function

receives location information and uses it to provide a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) that can be used to route a call toward the appropriate PSAP

Public Utilities Commission

regulates utility rates in the state.

NCAS Non Callpath Assisted Signaling

requires PSAP to query for callback number, only receives 8 digits from Selective Router

Local Exchange

service area provided by an end office

ESQK - Emergency Services Query Key

similar to pANI,bu usedbytheVOIP, this is the 511 number on the ANI/ALI screen

Local Loop

the actual copper or fiber wiring that connects the customer premises equipment to the service provider central offic.

sovereign immunity

the principle that a sovereign government cannot be taken to court

Local Exchange Carrier

the telephone company which operates within a local area and provides telecommunication services within that area

Harassment

unwanted remarks or actions that cause a person emotional or physical harm (based on gender, sex, pregnancy, color, religion, orgin, age, disability, or genetics)

HeLD HTTP Enabled Location Delivery

used to acquire location from Location Information Server

Landrum-Griffin Act

1959 act that widened government control over union affairs and further restricted union use of picketing and secondary boycotts during strikes

Equal Pay Act

1963 law that required both men and women to receive equal pay for equal work

Router to Router Transfer

2 different 9-1-1 system selective routers that have transfer codes of each other. If one of them get a phone call not native to their selective router, it has codes for nearby selective routers. Will send to selective router, then to PSAP

Enhanced 911

3 main parts - A Selective Routing Database, Main Street Address Guide (MSAG), and an ability to translate ESNs. - a telephone system capable of providing ALI data, selective routing, selective transfer, fixed transfer, and a callback number.

Kari's Law

3 things: removal of dialing 9 to get an outside line to dial 911, no local interception of 911 calls, on-site notification of a 911 call (think hotels).

Intelligent Networks

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ALI Controller

A CPE component which performs the function of communicating with the ALI database. An ALI controller (multiplexer) typically works in conjunction with an ANI controller.

Distributed Denial of Service Attack

A DDoS stands for one of the common forms of viruses, that attack multiple computers to flood a website until it slows or crashes.

Alternate PSAP

A PSAP pre-designated to receive calls when the primary PSAP is unable to do so.

Primary PSAP

A PSAP to which 9-1-1 calls are routed directly from the 9-1-1 Control Office.

Public Safety Dispatch Point

A center with the ability to receive calls but no access to ANI/ALI display (i.e. Red Phone only)

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

A communication standard for sending voice, video or data over digital telephone lines.

Internet Protocol (IP)

A communication standard that enables computers to route communications traffic from one network to another as needed.

Wide Area Network

A computer network that covers a large geographical area. Most WANs are made up of several connected LANs.

Alternate Routing

AFTER THE SELECTIVE ROUTER - The capability of routing 9-1-1 calls to a designated alternate location(s) if all 9-1-1 trunks are busy or out of service. Can be automatic or activated on request.

ANI Rebid

ANI can be retransmitted if the ANI is garbled to get a proper ALI. Can be done about every 30 seconds.

Partial Display

ANI/ALI info received missing alpha or numeric information, Incomplete ANI/ALI

Enhance 911 Act of 2004

Act established a National E9-1-1 implementation and Coordination Office (ICO) charged with coordinating and the implementation of 9-1-1 and E9-1-1 - ensured funds collected for enhancing 911 are used for that purpose.

Taft-Hartley Act

Act passed in 1947 that put increased restrictions on labor unions. Also, it allowed states to pass "right to work" laws: prohibited "union" shop (= workers must join union after being hired). It also prohibited secondary boycotts and established that the President has power to issue injections in strikes that endangered national health & safety ("cooling off" period)

transport facilities

Actual medium for transmissions - copper, fiber, coaxial, etc

IP-enabled Voice Communications and Public Safety Act of 2007

All VOIP providers engaged in interstate or foreign communication to provide 911 service

Conventional Radio System

Channels switched by user

InterLATA

Circuits that cross from one LATA (local access and transport area) into another.

Loss of Central Office

Communications equipment within the central office fails as a result of malfunction, water damage, fire, etc; all telephone service is lost including 9-1-1 calls

CTI

Computer Telephony Integration - any tech that enables computers to work with phones.

COBRA

Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act; law to provide terminated employees or those who lose insurance coverage because of reduced work to be able to buy group insurance for themselves and their families for a limited amount of time.

Centralized Automatic Message Accounting (CAMA)

First advancement of basic 911 - allowed for phone number to be delivered to 911 - collects ANI info, call duration, routes

Norris-LaGuardia Act

First law to give unions the right to organize and strike

FOIA

Freedom of Information Act, requires disclosure of all governmental information unless exempt under Act.

GIS

Geographical Information System

Multi-Agency

Handling dispatching for multiple services (fire/EMS, police), and/or multiple jurisdictions, usually a combination of cities and counties. In such cases, the ECC is typically an independent agency whose board is comprised of the agencies they serve

Area Code Split

Single area code for a particular region to allow for more phone numbers

TSP

Telecommunications Service Provider

Automatic Number Identification (ANI)

Telephone number associated with the call origination

FMLA

The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1933 to allow employees to take time off from work for family or medical reasons. The FMLA requires employers that have 50 or more employees to provide employees with up to 12 weeks of unpaid family or medical leave during any 12 month period.

Automatic Location Identification (ALI)

The automatic display at the PSAP of the caller's telephone number, the address/location of the telephone and supplementary emergency services information of the location from which a call originate

Call Transferring

The capability to redirect a call to another party

Isolation of Central Office

The links between the Central Office serving a PSAP and the remainder of the communications network are interrupted; only calls from within the area served by the central office can be completed- 9-1-1 calls can be re-directed to. 7-digit number at the PSAP but the calls will not route through the tandem or selective router and will not have ANI and ALI

Signaling System 7 (SS7)

The protocol used within the telephony service provider network to provide set up and tear down of telephone calls.

Geo-Spatial Routing

The use of ECRF (Emergency Call Routing Function) and GIS (Graphical Information System) data to route an emergency call to the appropriate PSAP or emergency service provider based on the civic location or geographic coordinates provided with the call.

No Display

Trouble encountered with the ALI displayed data. At most, the cursor appears on a blank screen and no ALI data, or any other data is displayed.

UHF

Ultra High Frequency - better inside buildings, 400-900 MHz

Analog Radio System

Uses the voices vibration to send the voice to the transmitter - waves are variable

VHF

Very High Frequency - these travel great distances, can be low and high band

Radio Wave

Voice converted into electrical energy - lower frequency = greater distance between waves

Digital Radio System

Voice is converted into digital signal using a voice coder - waves are square

Bullying

a workplace term that refers to unfavorable treatment of an employee - physical or verbal abuse, discrimination, harassment, intimidation.

Job Description

a written description of the basic tasks, duties, and responsibilities required of an employee holding a particular job

The Ray Baum's Act of 2018

emphasizes the importance of making dispatchable location for all 911 calls available to PSAPs - specifically valid street address, plus info like suite or apartment (includes wireless phones).

Social Security Act

(FDR) 1935, guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health

Quality of Service

(QoS) The level of performance that is provided by a computer system and measured by factors such as response time, downtime, and capacity.

Wagner Act

1935, also National Labor Relations Act; granted rights to unions; allowed collective bargaining

Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012

Calls for Natl Public Safety Broadband Network

Local Area Network (LAN)

A network in which the nodes are located within a small geographic area.

Frame Relay

A packet-switching telecommunication service designed for cost-efficient data transmission for intermittent traffic between local area networks (LANs) and between endpoints in wide area networks (WANs).

Private PSAP

A private PSAP is generally operated by non public safety entities.

LoST Protocol

A protocol that take location information and a service URN and returns a URI. used to direct and move data through NG system - especially for LVF and ECRF

Next Gen 911

A secure, IP-based, open-standards system comprised of hardware, software, data, and operational policies and procedures

Location Database

A server that retains current info, functionality, and interfaces of today's ALI and can use new protocols required in NG911.

Legacy PSAP Gateway (LPG)

A signaling and media interconnection point between and ESInet and legacy PSAP.

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)

A signaling protocol used to set up, maintain, and tear down phone calls - specifically for multimedia

ANI Controller

A stand-alone CPE component which provides the ANI decoding and function key control for 9 1 1 service.

Policy Based Routing

A technique that forwards and routes data packets based on policies or filters. Policy Routing Function is what selects the next available hop (path) for a 911 in NG911.

Wireless Communication and Public Safety Act of 1999

All called 911 Act - required setup of E-911, mandated 911 be the emergency number for wireless phones as well.

Trunked Radio System

All users share frequencies, different departments have different talkgroups - any agency can use any available channel - decided by control channel.

Simulcast

Allows for robust, widespread radio system - transmits messages over one or more than one transmitter on the same frequency.

Satellite Radio System

Also called a voting system or voting receiver, Satellite receivers receive the signal from a portable or mobile within close proximity and sends the signal to a central controller (via microwave or landline) - The controller then selects the best audio signal coming from the satellite receiver that has the highest quality of signal.

Interexchange carrier

Also known as a long distance carrier

Consolidated PSAP

Also known as regionalized - A facility where multiple Public Safety Agencies choose to operate as a single 9-1-1 entity.

ADA

Americans with Disabilities Act - requires 911 to provide TTY/TDD users with direct access and ability to benefit from 911. Also, prevents discrimination based on disabilities for all areas of public life.

Single Agency

An agency that dispatches for only one discipline in one jurisdiction.

Tandem Office

An exchange without any local loops connected to it.

N-1-1

Assigned by the North American Numbering Plan - 3 digit numbers for a specific purpose

Radio Band

Bands are a small are a small section of the spectrum of radio communications in which channels are assigned by the FCC. Each have "band plan" dictating use and sharing.

Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967

Bans age discrimination for jobs unless age is related to job performance

Grade of Service

Based on blocking probability (higher grade = higher probability) - this is the chance a customer will be denied service due to lack of resources.

BCF

Border Control Function - provides secure entry into ESInet for 911 calls

CHE/CPE

Call Handling Equipment or Call Processing Equipment - 911 phone system, can be on premise or hosted/remote

Additional Data Repository

Data storage facility for additional information using PIDF-LO, IS-ADR is the ability to search for additional data.

DBH

Device Based Hybrid - location services, such as Emergency Location Service or Hybridized Emergency Location

Record Not Found

Displayed when the host computer is unable to look up an ANI request from a PSAP - could be a problem with the host computer or a service order not being processed yet.

DTMF

Dual-tone, multi frequency, signal used to send data over voice channels; common use in amateur radio is to allow users of hand-held transceivers to send commands to repeater systems; keypad button, unique tone of 2 frequencies transmitted

ESN

Emergency Service Number- 3-5 digit number representing a unique combination of LE, Fire and EMS designated to serve a specific range of addresses within a particular geographical response area or ESZ (Emergency Service Zone); ESN is associated with the caller's ANI

Basic 911

Emergency phone system which automatically connects callers to a designated answering point, call routing determined by central office only, may or may not support ANI/ALI

Gateways

Equipment that provides interconnection between two networks using different communications protocols.

Default Routing

FAILURE BEFORE THE SELECTIVE ROUTER - The capability to route a 9-1-1 call to a designated (default) PSAP when the incoming 9-1-1 call cannot be selectively routed due to an ANI failure or other cause.

NET Improvement Act of 2008

Facilitate rapid deployment of IP-enabled 911 and E911, encourage transition to IP network, improve 911 access to those with disabilities.

Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD)

Injury to the fingers, hands, arms, or shoulders, which is the result of repetitive motions such as typing.

Spatial Interface (SI)

Interface between 911 call and all other NG core services

Virtual PSAP

Is portable and scalable. Allows employees to perform 9 1 1 call taking and dispatching duties in various locations. Enabled by NG911

Legacy Network Gateway

LNG - interface between non-IP network and NG network

LMR

Land Mobile Radio

LSRG

Legacy Selective Routing Gateway - interface between selective router and ESInet - transfer between Legacy and NG Networks

Isolation of End Office

Link between End Office and 911 network is interrupted, 911 calls will not reach the SR/Tandem, won't reach PSAP.

LATA

Local Access and Transport Area - geographic area where a TSP provides local and/or long distance calling services

LVF

Location Validation Function - NG functional element that is a LoST protocol that validates location against GIS database info.

Anonymous Calls

Misdial where a caller accidentally dials a seven-digit number that is associated with the PSAP Trunk Group - ANI/ALI will display "Anonymous"

MSC

Mobile Switching Center

Area Code Overlay

More than one area code for an area, used when a split no longer allows for additional phone numbers.

MLTS

Multi-Line Telephone System - formerly a PBX or Private Branch Exchange

Telecommunications Act of 1996

National Policy framework designed to advance information technology, open telecommunications market to competition.

NG-SEC

Next Gen Security

Originating Service Provider

OSP - a provider that allows subscribers to originate 911 calls

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Act - workplace free from recognized hazards to safety and health

Fixed Transfer

One button transfer that allows call takers to route calls to a specific Fire, Police, or EMS - same agency each time.

Selective Transfer

One button transfer where the call is routed to a Fire, Police, or EMS agency based on ESN

Number Plan Area

Overlay solution to offer a new area code in the same geographical area.

No ANI

PSAP did not receive phone number on monitor.

Legacy PSAP

PSAP that can not process i3‐defined interfaces. Still requires CAMA or ISDN trunk technology to deliver calls.

Central Office or End Office

Phone office programmed to point all 911 calls to a single destination - Local Exchange Carrier facility where access lines are connected to switching equipment for connection to the Public Switched Telephone Network

PS/ALI

Private Switch Automatic Location Identification - local database used to store location info for a MLTS.

Switching

Process of connecting a calling party to another party without the use of dedicated transport facilities. These include Central Office, End Office, Access Tandem, and Facility/Facilities.

pANI

Pseudo ANI - used as ANI for Wireless Call Routing

ROIP

Radio Over Internete Protocol - similar to VOIP but with PTT,

SRDB

Selective Router Database

Co-Located PSAP

Separate agencies or agency divisions sharing a structure with separate areas divided by a wall or by pod - each has own staff/CAD/etc. City PD and City Fire in same building.

System Controller

Set to control and monitor 911 calls from the ANI/ALI Controllers to the 911 Center.

Selective Routing

When 911 calls are routed to the appropriate PSAP based on the street address of the 911 caller - biggest difference between basic and enhanced 911.

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

a computer network in a limited geographical area that uses wireless transmission for communication

National Information Exchange Model

a foundation for exchange that offers common vocabulary so that two agencies can exchange information on the same terms.

ESRF

a functional element in NGCS (Next Generation Core Services) which is a LoST protocol server where location information (either civic address or geo-coordinates) and a Service URN serve as input to a mapping function that returns a URI used to route an emergency call toward the appropriate PSAP for the caller's location or towards a responder agency.

Private Branch Exchange (PBX)

a private telephone switching exchange that serves a single organization - capable of providing ANI/ALI

Job Analysis

a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job (analyze work duties, research similar jobs, review job responsibilities, work environment, etc)

Repeater Systems

allow system coverage cover a greater distance, separate frequencies to receive and transmit to users

Simplex Frequency

also called a talk-around, transmit and receive on the same frequency. Allows communications without using a repeater, limited area - all transmissions occur on the repeater outbound frequency - used to communicate when out of range of the repeater.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

data transmission of multiple types of traffic (voice, data, video signals) in one network without the use of separate overlay networks.

CAS

callback and pANI (20 digits) are both carried in-band with the call

Loss of ALI Node

can result from failure of any of the computer systems serving the system; interruption of cable links between ALI nodes and the PSAP or damage to the building housing the ALI node- end result is loss of ALI being available to the PSAPs

Loss of Tandem Switch

can result in default routing of 911 calls

Provisioning Service Provider

component of ESInet functional element that implements the provider side of SPML interface used for provisioning.

Fair Labor Standards Act

created minimum wage, overtime, and oppressive child labor

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

health care reform law passed in 2010 that includes incentives and penalties for employers providing health insurance as a benefit

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

is a routing technique in telecommunications networks that directs data from one node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses, thus avoiding complex lookups in a routing table and speeding traffic flows.

PIDF-LO

is an HTTP, XML tag format that includes a location object for911callls.Flexible and versatile way to represent location info in a SIP header