ENTO 1

How is the molting process initiated?

PTTH is released from the brain, stimulating the prothoracic gland to secrete ecdysone

What feature can be used to identify a female iodide tick:

Presence of a scutum

Juvenile hormone:

Regulates the type of cuticle that is produced

A patient, who lives in North Georgia and who has not travelled abroad, is hospitalized with symptoms that include myalgia and a pronounced petechial rash. A presumptive diagnosis would be

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

If you have a serious dust mite problem in your house, you should

Vacuum thoroughly and frequently AND turn down the heat and buy a dehumidifier

In this model, "C" stands for:

Vectorial capacity

"C" is

a measure of the number of infectious vectors that will be produced by an infected reservoir in one day

In chewing insects such as grasshoppers, pals are found on the

maxilla and labium

Dermatophagoides (Dust mites) cause disease in humans by:

shedding antigens, which are inhaled and result in asthma

What feature would you not expect to see in an olfactory sensillum

Flexible ball-and-socket type attachment to the exoskeleton

Sarcoptes mites:

Form a burrow into the skin and feed on lymph fluid and inflammatory cells that respond to the irritation

What arthropod would you look for if you suspected a patient was suffering from tick paralysis?

Dermacentor andersoni

In arthropods, digestion and nutrient absorption occur in the:

Both processes occur together in the midgut

What description best describes the epicuticle?

A layer of the exoskeleton composed of waxes

Researchers are comparing ,methods of malaria control in African villages. In all the villages, Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes are the main vector of malaria and have a strong preference(100%) to feed on humans, though they can use other hots if humans are not available. In one set of villages, researchers distribute mosquito nets and insect repellant [treatment A], and reduce mosquitoes choosing to feed on humans to only 50% of the time, and use other hosts, which are not malaria reservoirs, the rest of the time. In other villages, researchers fill in breeding sites [treatment B] and reduce mosquito populations by 50%. What would be the impact on "C" (Assume nothing else is changed about the mosquito) in the villages:

A reduced by 3/4, B reduced by half

The exocuticle is

A rigid layer of chitin cross linked by protein

The ability to feed on blood is

A trait that has evolved independently many times in the arthropods

The function of the spiracle is to:

Allow oxygen and CO2 to enter/leave the trachea

What name most specifically applies to the taxonomic group that fits the description "arthropods with chelicerate mouthparts, no antennae, and four pairs of legs

Arachnomorpha

Insects that feed exclusively on a nutritionally restricted diet, such as blood, tell on what mechanism to compensate?

Bacterial symbiotes

You go for a hike, and a couple days later discover a small tick larva has begun to feed. Although you remove it, several days later you develop a fever, muscle pain, and a spotted rash. This scenario involves:

Biological, vertical, and horizontal transmission

Factors used by many arthropods to find hosts for blood feeding include

Carbon dioxide AND ascorbic acid

Which is not a characteristic of Order Acari

Cephalothorax

The following questions relate to the McDonald model. For your reference, here is the model again

C~ (m x a^2 x b x P^n)/ -ln(P)

You find an arthropod that has one pair of antennae on the head, and a body that consists of numerous segments, each with two pairs of legs. What group does this arthropod belong to?

Diplopoda?

What does the term DALY stand for?

Disability Adjusted Life Years

Two diseases that share the same vector and reservoir host as Lymem disease are

Human anaplasmosis and babesiosis

The term "asthma" is characterized by

Impaired ability to breath

Which properties apply to a dead end host:

Is susceptible to infection and may show severe disease AND is unable to transmit vectors

Apyrase, found in mosquito larvae, has what function?

It breaks down ADP and blocks platelets from aggregating

You have a serious rodent infestation in your house, so you get rid of the rodents but neglect to clean up their nests. What arthropod and disease are you potentially exposing yourself to?

Liponyssoides sanguineus/ Rickettsia; pox

A disease associated with a rash termed "erythema migrans" is

Lyme disease

In arthropods, what tissue/organ process metabolic wastes from the hemolymph?

Malpighian tubules

Who first demonstrated that arthropods play a role in transmission of some pathways (is contributed to...)

Manson, who studied lymphatic filariasis

Insect compound eyes are conspicuously pigmented. The pigments that give eyes their color function as:

Screens to ensure photons can't cross from one eye element to adjacent ones

What feature or features would you not expect to find in a crustacean:

Stinging telson

The costal, subcostal, and radial veins

Strengthen the insect wing from the attachment with the body to the tip

Inscets compound eyes are composed of a large array of individual light-sensing organs. Each individual component light-sensing organ in the compound eye is called

an omatidium

A mosquito ingests a blood meal that contains a thousand microfilariae (immature nematode worms). The microfilariae migrate to the flight muscles and molt through several stages, but many are killed by the mosquitoes immune system. After 10 days, about a dozen L3 larvae migrate to the mouthparts, form where they can be transmitted when the mosquito feeds. Which term applies to the life cycle of the nematode in this mosquito.

cyclodevelopmental

A disease that occurs at about the same frequency over time in a human population is called an

endemic disease

What term applies to the 10 day developmental period of the nematode in the mosquito?

extrinsic incubation period

Ixodid and argasid ticks differ in that

female argasid ticks take many small blood meals and lay small batches of eggs, whereas female ixodid ticks take a single massive blood meal and lay a very single large mass of eggs

The best way to remove a tick is

grasp the mouthparts and pull it straight out

The interval of time between when an infected vector bites a vertebrae host, and when that vertebrae host begins to shows symptoms of infection, is referred to as the

intrinsic incubation period

A drug that is widely used to treat mite infestations is

ivermectin

A bridge vector is one that

takes a pathogen from a zoonotic transmission cycle to a tangential host

Ixodid ticks differ fromm argasid ticks in that

the mouthparts attach at the front in iodides vs on the underside in argasids

Which is not a true statement? Demodex mites:

transmit Orientia tsutsumagushi

Doxycycline is a tetracycline class antibiotic, used for

treating Borrelia infections AND treating Demodex infections