env ch 4

By definition, parasites ________ their host. live on the external surface of are much smaller than feed on and harm kill benefit

feed on and harm

) How does predation differ from parasitism? Predation happens between trophic levels, while parasitism happens within a trophic level. Parasitism is beneficial to the host, whereas predation always harms the prey. Parasites are only insects or mites, while predators can be any kind of large animal. Parasites rarely kill their host, while predators kill their prey.

parasites rarely

Which of the following is/are an abiotic factor? oak trees temperature snails butterflies grasses

temp

What two factors exert the greatest influence over a terrestrial biome? Species diversity and species density Soil deposition and soil profile Number of detritivores and herbivores Temperature and precipitation

temp and parcipitation

) What type of biome has been converted most frequently by humans for agricultural use? Temperate grassland Desert Savanna Tundra

temp grassland

The energy content and biomass of ________ is lowest in any terrestrial food web. top carnivores decomposers producers small carnivores such as spiders and lizards detritivores

top carnivores

A trophic cascade is the effect of ________ on ________. flooding; terrestrial ecosystems top consumers; one another top consumers; lower trophic levels detritivores; decomposers producers; first-level consumers

top consumers; lower trophic levels

In general, when one views a food chain, they can expect the biomass of herbivores (organisms that eat plants) in an ecosystem to be about _____ of the biomass of the plants and other photosynthetic organisms in the ecosystem. 25% 90% 80% 50% 10%

10

What does the diagram illustrate? a.Deserts and tropical rainforests normally occur within a few meters on one another. b. Boreal forests and tropical dry forest have identical climates. c. Biomes are determined primarily by precipitation and temperature. d. Tundra and desert both share a hot climate. Biodiversity does not vary with climate.

C

Which of the following is an example of resource partitioning? Two male ostriches share a harem of females. Earthworms feed on organic material in soil, and then robins feed on the earthworms. Two species of birds forage together, with one eating insects on tree trunks while the other eats insects in the outer branches. Two species of rodents compete for the same seed resource, and one species causes the other to become extirpated (locally extinct). Deer and mountain lions feed on different kinds of food. Previous Answers

Two species of birds forage together, with one eating insects on tree trunks while the other eats insects in the outer branches

Which statement is correct concerning the process of ecological succession? Primary succession starts after a forest fire. Planting pines in an abandoned farm field mimics the natural progression of species during succession. After a disturbance, the community goes through a somewhat predictable set of changes until reaching a final state. Shrubs will replace pines during succession.

after a disturb

Which of the following is an example of an ecological community? all of the bears, wolves, elk, moose, aspen trees, lodgepole pine trees, and all other animals and plants in Yellowstone National Park, plus the geysers, hydrothermal vents, rocks, mountains, and other nonliving features in the park all of the bears, wolves, elk, moose, aspen trees, lodgepole pine trees, and all other animals and plants in Yellowstone National Park all of the wolves in Yellowstone National Park all of the employees working at Yellowstone National Park all of the lodgepole pine trees in Yellowstone National Park

all of the bears, wolves, elk, moose, aspen trees, lodgepole pine trees, and all other animals and plants in Yellowstone National Park

What kinds of organisms pollinate three-fourths of our crops? Hummingbirds Ants Bees Crickets

bees

Autotrophs, at the base of the trophic pyramid, exist in greater numbers than organisms at higher levels of the pyramid and also have greater stores of energy as well as greater __________. water and energy matter and water biomass production

biomass

If global climate change results in an area of temperate grassland receiving less rainfall and higher temperatures, it will ________. begin to support more invasive exotic species gradually be replaced by savanna have no effect on the biome rapidly be replaced by temperate deciduous forest begin to support more desert species

desert species

According to this diagram, you should find ________. deserts anywhere in the world where hot and dry conditions prevail tropical rainforests usually bordering temperate grassland tropical rainforest in most parts of Europe and North America deserts usually bordering tundra that vegetation is lushest in moderately dry areas

deserts anywhere

When a parasite lives inside the human gastrointestinal tract, absorbing some of the human's nutrients at the human's expense, it is considered a(n) __________ interaction. View Available Hint(s) When a parasite lives inside the human gastrointestinal tract, absorbing some of the human's nutrients at the human's expense, it is considered a(n) __________ interaction. exploitative partitioned displacement Galápagos

exploitative

Which of the following is true about top predators? They are likely to be herbivores. They are often keystone species. They include bacteria and fungi. They are likely to be producers. Their removal increases biodiversity.

keystone

Which of the following are pioneer species? lichens beavers zebra mussels aspen trees wolves and mountain lions

lichens

Which of the following might be first to populate an area after glaciers melt in response to global climate change? shrubs hardwood trees aspen trees grasses lichens

lichens

Desert and tundra both ________. have relatively low precipitation lack shrubs have wide temperature variations from season to season lack insects lack keystone species

low parcipitation

Global climate change may cause shifts in biomes because ________. Global climate change may cause shifts in biomes because ________. food web dynamics will change biodiversity and day length will change soil chemistry, pH of precipitation, and the frequency of invasive species will change mean temperature and precipitation for many areas will change many species may become extinct

mean temp

What two types of relationships exhibit symbiosis? mutualism and competition mutualism and parasitism interspecific and intraspecific competition parasitism and herbivory

mutilism and parasitism

Which type of feedback loop acts to resist change in natural systems, thereby enhancing system stability and promoting conditions favorable for life? Positive feedback Negative feedback

negative

Lichen is often the first organism to appear in an area that has had all life stripped from it because of some disturbance. What is lichen in this regard? an invasive species a pioneer species an omnivore a secondary consumer

pioneer

A restoration ecologist may do all of the following EXCEPT: remove invasive European buckthorn from a Minnesota forest. recreate a wetland in an area that had been drained for farming. plant a prairie in an area that has been farmed. plant trees in an area that has been mined. place levees in sensitive areas to prevent seasonal flooding.

place leeves

________________ follows a disturbance so severe that no vegetation or soil life remains from the community that had occupied the site. Primary succession Secondary succession Resistance Pioneer succession

primary

A climax community always ________. contains as many pioneer species as later successional species consists of a single population of organisms is typical of the first stages of secondary succession remains in place until a disturbance restarts succession has the lowest biodiversity of all stages of succession

remians

Ecological restoration tries to __________. preserve pristine environments by keeping humans out return ecosystems to a more "natural" state, often what they were like before industrial civilization altered them rebuild natural communities to look like what they were in the year 1900 redesign natural areas to have the showiest plants in places that are the easiest to see so more visitors will come

return

Intense hurricanes that may result from global warming can directly lead to ________ within impacted terrestrial communities. facilitation coevolution secondary succession climax primary succession

secondary

Which of the following are most likely to be keystone species in an ecosystem? View Available Hint(s) Which of the following are most likely to be keystone species in an ecosystem? Small-bodied, primary consumers Parasites Producers Secondary or tertiary consumers near the tops of food chains

secondary or

Kelp ________. is an invasive exotic species suffers intense herbivory from sea urchins suffers intense herbivory from zebra mussels is pollinated by sea urchins is eaten by sea otters P

suffers... sea urchins

When a species is moved from its native area to a new area, it can become an invasive species and damage its new ecosystem. What is one reason these species are able to do damage to an ecosystem? When moved to the new location, the species fills in unoccupied niches. Having been moved from its home country, the introduced species does not know the local language so is unable to communicate with its new neighbors and gets angry, lashing out at any nearby organisms and doing great harm. When a species is transported, it leaves behind its predators and the diseases that previously kept its population in check. Therefore the species is able to grow to large and damaging numbers. In nearly every case, when a species is moved across an ocean and into a new habitat it becomes a harmful invasive species simply because it is in a new habitat

transported

Which of the following biomes features distinct wet and dry seasons? Temperate deciduous forest Desert Tropical dry forest Temperate rainforest

tropical dry forest