Env1301 test one

Where would you find the highest number of species?

on large islands near the mainland

gray wolf

poaching

Primary producers, primary producers and secondary producers are positioned on different ___ levels within a food web.

trophic

If everyone on Earth lived like Americans did in the year 2012, how many Earths would we need to sustain the current population?

4

Conservation includes the __ of species, ecosystems, or natural resources.

All of the above

A theory, as used by scientists, is best described by which one of the following?

An explanation for a natural phenomenon, widely supported by research results.

The challenges faced by the people of ___ dramatically demonstrate issues arising from a population growing beyond the capacity of its environment to support them.

Bangladesh

__ was an early environmental activist in his efforts to move pollution causing industries to move away from city centers.

Benjamin Franklin

What did Rachel Carson advise regarding the use of chemical pesticides?

Caution in the use of chemical pesticides

Early evidence that humans were keen observers of their environment was shown to us through:

Cave drawings in France

has grown from an event centered on the United States to one including almost all nations on Earth to help sustain awareness of major environmental issues.

Earth Day

Which of the following ecosystems would you expect to have the highest species richness?

Ecosystem 3: A mixed woodland forest with many species of trees

The wise use of resources to ensure that future generations will endure

Environmentalism

The _ is the total market value of all the goods and services produced within the borders of a nation during a given year.

Gross Domestic Product

__ is considered the most serious threat to biodiversity.

Habitat destruction

Which policies will most likely secure a protected area over the long term?

Integrating management with the local community and providing direct economic benefits

The is a nonprofit, nongovernmental conservation organization established in 1951 to protect ecologically important areas around the world.

Nature Conservancy

Which of the following is not an example of a Pigovian tax?

Sales tax

The wise use of resources to ensure that future generations will endure

Sustainability

Elinor Ostrom studied common pool resources around the world and identified several principles that allow commons to be managed sustainably. Which of the following is one of those principles?

The boundaries of the resource pool must be clearly identified.

Which of the following is true about the health and well-being of populations?

The level of child mortality can be 20 times higher in the poorest countries than in the richest ones.

Which of the following was an effect of the reintroduction of the grey wolf to Yellowstone National Park?

There was an increase in size and number of willow trees.

Invasive plant species can harm ecosystems in which way?

They displace plants that have important ecosystem functions

You would expect populations from which of the following areas to have a higher total impact on the environment than populations of other regions?

US

The _ factors are the physical/chemical components of the environment and the __ factors are the living components.

abiotic; biotic

Genetic diversity in populations is important to which of the following?

all above

Matter exists in a physical state as a __.

all of above

A cost or benefit to the environment or to society that is NOT included in the market price of a product is:

an economic externality.

All of the following are true about atmospheric ozone, EXCEPT .

an increase in the concentrations of ozone and other greenhouse gases is contributing to global warming

Women with more education and who are more empowered to make critical choices about their lives have fewer children in their lifetime. One reason for this is educated women:

are more likely to use contraceptives and family planning information.

Regions supporting at least 1,500 endemic plant species have been reduced in area by at least 70% are known as __ hotspots.

biodiversity

Ocean reefs, mangrove forests and salt marshes are all examples of aquatic __.

biomes

What must be accomplished for humanity to achieve a sustainable relationship with the environment?

both developing the least developed countries and reducing the ecological footprint of developed countries

In animal populations, is determined by resources such as food supply, number of nesting sites or breeding territories, or access to safe sites from predators.

carrying capacity

The process that occurs in the cells of all consumers and primary producers to provide energy for life's processes is:

cellular respiration.

Total fertility rate is defined as the number of:

children that a woman gives birth to in her lifetime.

The United Nations found a relationship between access to contraceptives and birthrates. The relationship shows a significant _in fertility rates in countries with a(n)__ in contraceptive use.

decrease, increase

Total fertility has _ in the last few decades in India and China.

decreased dramatically

When energy is transformed from one form to another, the amount of energy available to do work:

decreases

Purification of air and water, preservation of soils, pollination of crops and wild plants, and protection from ultraviolet light are all examples of:

ecosystem services.

In 1997 the Nuclear Regulatory Commission rejected a request from Louisiana Energy Services to build a uranium processing plant near two minority neighborhoods in northern Louisiana after ruling out any other potential build sites near predominately white neighborhoods. This is an example of:

environmental justice.

Charismatic species such as giant pandas, polar bears, and monarch butterflies that attract human interest in protecting ecosystems are called __ species.

flagship

One measure of human impact on the environment is called the ecological __.

footprint

A ___ is a stretch of DNA that direct the growth, development, and functioning of organisms.

gene

Which of the following would be considered a keystone species?

grey wolves

In the efforts to support the conservation of Pandas, conservation planners have proposed establishing __ to enhance their protection.

habiyat corridors

Populations are increased by births and _, whereas_and emigration decrease populations. Correct Answer

immigration; deaths

In the African savanna, zebras, giraffes, and elephants all compete for some of the same resources, such as food plants and water. This is an example of:

interspecific competition.

The brown tree snake, cane toad, saltcedar and kudzu are all examples of __ species.

invasive

Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of an r-selected species:

long-lived

In the 15th or 16th century, the people, who clothe themselves in red cloth and pierce their earlobes with thorns and elephant ivory, settled with their cattle in the savannahs of Kenya and Tanzania.

maasai

Qualitative or quantitative information gathered systematically from the natural world defines:

observation.

A field is cleared for development and then abandoned. Over time, you see annual plants, tall weeds, woody shrubs, and young trees grow in the field. You are seeing __ succession.

pioneer

All the individuals of a species that inhabit a particular place at the same time are a:

population

The number of individuals inhabiting some defined area, such as 10 wolves per 100 square miles, is called:

population density

In a grassland ecosystem, a rabbit eating grass is considered a:

primary consumer.

Which demographic transition stage is characterized by low birth rates, low death rates, and a stable population?

stage 4

The economy of the popular tribe mentioned in Question 4 is an example of a economy.

subsistence

Oftentimes __ occurs when individuals seek to maximize their own gains.

the tragedy of the commons.

An age structure diagram for a country with a population with many children who will contribute to a future population boom, such as Yemen, would be described as:

triangular shaped.

Ecological economists estimate that the total value of goods and services provided by natural ecosystems, including maintenance of biodiversity, may be $125 _, or nearly twice the global annual gross product.

trillion

For the first time in nearly 70 years, ___ are found throughout Yellowstone National Park after the being successfully reintroduced.

wolves

Economics should include environmental costs and __ .

benefits

peregerine falcon

peticide

The highest total fertility rates occur in the nations of _.

Sub-Saharan Africa

The result of natural selection is _.

a population that is adapted to its local environment

matter

cycle

energy

flow

humans are considered

k-selected species