Environmental Systems Test 2
The basic premise behind the "tragedy of the commons" is
A resource becomes overexploited when its ownership is shared.
In risk management, risk tolerance can be based upon
All of the above.
Which of the following is NOT one of the five characteristic of sustainable development?
Assigning value to everything
Amount of a product that consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price.
Demand
Which is NOT a step in the cost-benefit analysis?
Determination of tradable emmisions
The goal of a deposit-refund program is to
Encourage product recycling through the refund of a deposit.
Expenses borne by someone other than the individuals who use the resource.
External costs
More people die from aircraft accidents than from motor vehicle accidents.
False
Probability is the same as possibility.
False
Risk assessment usually involves a statement regarding the *possibility* that something could occur.
False
There is essentially no difference between risk assessment and risk management.
False
Which of the following is NOT a factor in consumer interest in the green economy?
General knowledge that the government will be raising taxes on oil
Many of the negative effects companies have on the environment could be offset by _______ government regulation, but such regulation could also ________ impact industry and the economy.
Increased, negatively
Which of the following is a market-based instrument?
Information programs
Classically there are three kinds of resources, which are
Labor, capital, and land.
Economic factors should be considered when
Making any environmental decisions.
Point at which there is no significant health or environmental risk.
Negligible risk
Mathematical statement about how likely it is that something will happen.
Probability
When the supply of a commodity exceeds the demand
Producers lower their price
We assign value to natural resources based on our perception of their ______.
Relative scarcity
Likelihood that a condition or action will lead to injury, damage, or loss
Risk
Risk analysis consists of two primary considerations:
Risk and cost.
Use of facts to estimate the probability of harm to human health that may result from exposure to pollutants, toxins, or management decisions.
Risk assessment
The use of facts and assumptions to estimate the probability of harm to human health or the environment is called
Risk assessment.
Decision-making process that uses input such as risk assessment and economic impacts.
Risk managment
Which of the following is a pollution prevention technique?
Sewage treatment
Which of the following is not a pollution cost?
Sewage treatment
Gift to private enterprise by government when the enterprise is in economic difficulty.
Subsidy
The amount of a good or service available to be purchased is the
Supply.
Relationship between available supply of a commodity or service and its price.
Supply/demand curve
Using renewable resources in harmony with ecological systems to produce a rise in real income and improved standard of living.
Sustainable development
Effective pollution prevention will
Take on purely economic aspects.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a subsidy?
The actual cost of a subsidized product is higher because bureaucracy necessary to administer the subsidy costs money.
What does the price of a product or service reflect?
The demand for and availability of the product
Which of the following is an example of an extended product responsibility?
The use of recycled wood products in the manufacture of new products
In the United States, performance bonds are used
To cover the cost of reclaiming and revegetating mined sites.
Deciding which risks should be given the highest priority and how much risk is acceptable are two decisions involved in risk management.
True
Risk is the possibility that a condition or action will lead to an injury, damage, or loss.
True
The general public typically perceives involuntary risks, such as nuclear weapons, a greater risk than voluntary risks, such as smoking.
True
Which of the following does NOT demonstrate the use of renewable resources?
Using underground coal deposits to produce heat and electricity
