ENVS 1126

chapter 19 The catalytic converter on automobiles is not intended to do which one of the following?

convert sulfure dioxide to hyrdogen sulfide

chapter 9 : The United States and China have virtually identical fertility rates (1.7) and median ages (38.35). How, then, would you account for the fact that the population of China is projected to decrease between now and the end of this century, whereas the population of the United States is projected to increase?

immigration into the Untied States

chapter 7 : Which of the following areas experienced a net gain of forest area between 2000 and 2010?

China and Europe

chapter 6 : Hardening of urban streams in the name of flood control is an example of which one of the letters of the acronym HIPPO?

H

Which one of the following countries has the lowest median age?

India

Chapter 11: Topsoil accumulates at the rate of _______________.

1-2 inches per 100 years ?

chapter 5 : The ecological efficiency in a food chain is 15%. A pollutant (X) is transferred from one trophic level to the next with an efficiency of 45%. The concentration of X on trophic level 3 is 18 ppm. What is the concentration of X on trophic level 1?

2 ?

chapter 12 Approximately what percentage of the world's croplands are used to feed domestic animals?

33%

The ecological efficiency in a food chain is 10%. A pollutant (X) is transferred from one trophic level to the next with an efficiency of 30%. The concentration of X on trophic level 2 is 12 ppm. What is the concentration of X on trophic level 1?

4

chapter 4 : A population is growing exponentially with a doubling time of 10 years. If the size of the population now is 50, what will be the size of the population 30 years from now?

400

chapter 9 : Globally, approximately what percentage of pregnancies are ended by abortions?

5%

chapter 1 : Of the CO2 that has been emitted to the atmosphere as a result of human activities since the start of the industrial revolution, approximately what percentage is currently in the atmosphere?

50

Over the next 30 years, roughly what percentage of the world's net population growth is expected to occur in urban areas?

50%

chapter 12 In country X, the supply of calories averages 100% of the minimum daily requirement. Of the people living in country X, what percentage is likely to have calorie-deficient diets?

50%

chapter 20 In the United States, federal law requires that secondary wastewater treatment plants remove at least ________ percent of the BOD and suspended solids from the raw wastewater.

85%

chapter 17 Which one of the dose-effect curves shown below correctly describes what public health authorities assume to be the relationship between exposure to ionizing radiation and the risk of cancer?

A ?

chapter 4 : Which one of the following statements is true? a.R-strategists have low biotic potential and good recruitment most of the time b.R-strategists have high biotic potential and poor recruitment most of the time c.R-strategists have high biotic potential and good recruitment most of the time d.R-strategists have low biotic potential and poor recruitment most of the time

B. ?

chapter 19 Ozone concentrations accumulate in air if volatile organic carbon compounds react with which one of the following?

CO

chapter 14 Which one of the following countries has the lowest per capita energy consumption?

China

chapter 6 : The outbreak of Southern Corn Leaf Blight in 1970 in the United States was dealt with by importing corn from _____________ that was resistant to the fungus that causes the disease.

China

In which two of the following countries are the greatest numbers of people living on less than $10 per day?

China and India

chapter 21 Which one of the following is the most common form of trash identified by volunteers who participate in annual beach cleanups?

Cigarette butts

chapter 20 The eutrophication of Lake Washington was mitigated by which one of the following methods?

Diverting treated sewage effluents to Puget Sound

Which one of the following is not involved in maintaining population equilibrium?

Drought

chapter 1 : Which one of the following statements is not one of the four basic assumptions of the scientific method? a.Every result has a cause, and every event in turn will cause other events b.What we perceive with our five senses represents an objective reality, not some kind of dream or mirage c.Through our powers of observation, manipulation, and reason, we can discover and understand the basic principles and natural laws by which the universe functions d.Energy can neither be created nor destroyed

Engergy can neither be created nor destroyed

chapter 15 Which of the following countries generates the greatest percentage of its electricity from nuclear power plants?

France

chapter 2 : Which one of the following measures of the economic progress of China would you expect to have increased the most since 1980?

Gross domestic product

chapter 22 Which one of the following is not in part responsible for the high concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wildlife and humans living in the Arctic?

POPs are very soluble in water

chapter 10 Global warming during the 21st century is expected to

Speed up the hydrologic cycle and slow the thermohaline circulation of the ocean

chapter 22 Production and/or use of the so-called 'dirty dozen' toxic substances was banned or greatly restricted as a result of

The 2004 Stocklholm Convention

chapter 6 : Which one of the following international agreements assures that wealthy nations cannot mine the genetic resources of other countries and then patent products that indigenous people have used for millennia?

The Convention on Biological Diversity

chapter 10 Which one of the following contains the most liquid freshwater?

aquifers

chapter 13 The principal concern with the use of neonicotinoid insecticides is their adverse effects on _________.

bees

chapter 15 Which one of the following is not one of the purposes of pumping water through the core of a nuclear reactor fueled with uranium-235?

control the rate of the chain reaction

chapter 7 : Which of the following kinds of property rights is associated with the Tragedy of the Commons?

open access

Which one of the following air pollutants is not a primary pollutant?

ozone

Which one of the following gases is primarily responsible for the fact that the temperature of the stratosphere increases with increasing altitude?

ozone

The single largest component of municipal solid waste in the United States is

paper and paperboard

chapter 3: Ecologist Eckhard wants to stop the algal blooms in City Park Lake by reducing the inputs of essential nutrients to the lake from stormwater runoff. Which one of the following strategies would have the least effect on the algal blooms?

remove all the carbon dioxide from the stormwater runoff

chapter 12 A Bt crop is a genetically modified crop that is

resistant to many insect pests

chapter 6 : The three crops that account for about 50% of global food demands are

rice, wheat, and corn

chapter 1 : Which one of the following is not one of the vital concepts that move societies toward a sustainable future? a.Sustainability b.Sound science c.Stewardship d.Security

security

chapter 6 : In the United States today, the principal use of mercury is

dental fillings

The process by which water vapor passes through stomata from plants to the atmosphere is called

evapotranspiration

chapter 13 Which two of the following kinds of pesticides account for most use of pesticides in agriculture in the United States?

herbicides and insceticides ?

chapter 5 : Terrestrial biomes are groups of ecosystems characterized by similar types of

herbivores and plants ?

chapter 17 Sharing of needles by drug addicts is especially associated with which one of the following drugs?

heroin ?

Chapter 11: Which one of the following kinds of soil would you expect to find in a wetland?

hydric

chapter 10 Which of the following reasons explains why most farmers in the United States do not irrigate their crops via drip irrigation?

irrigation water is cheap, and inital installation costs are high

chapter 16 When plants such as switchgrass are grown as a potential source of liquid fuels, the energy in sunlight is converted to potential energy in the biomass of the plant with an efficiency of ____________.

less than 5%

At a depth of 200 meters in the Gulf of Mexico, which one of the following factors is most limiting to the photosynthetic production of organic matter?

light

chapter 15 In a nuclear power plant fueled with uranium-235, what is the purpose of the moderator?

slow neutrons

chapter 17 Which one of the following is the greatest lifestyle-related cause of death in the United States?

smoking ?

The nutrients that support plant growth in natural terrestrial ecosystems are supplied mainly by

Breakdown of detritus

chapter 14 Which one of the following countries accounts for the most oil imported by the United States?

Canada

chapter 20 Which one of the following rivers that discharge into Lake Erie has repeatedly caught fire in the past because of the large amounts of industrial organic pollutants that were discharged into it?

Cuyahoga River

chapter 12 Which one of the following sources of calories in the human diet requires the greatest amount of land per calorie to produce?

beef

chapter 2 : Which one of the following accounts for the smallest percentage of the US federal budget?

compliance with environmental regulations ?

chapter 9 : Which one of the following is the major cause of mortality in the least developed countries of the world?

conmmunicable diseases

chapter 16 Biodiesel is a fuel made from a mixture of normal diesel fuel and oil from

soybeans

The roots of plants accelerate the weathering (chemical breakdown) of rocks by releasing _________ .

stron acids ?

Commensalism is an example of

Symbiosis

chapter 2 : The prohibition by the United States of the importation of products made with child labor has been objected to by which one of the following organizations?

world trade organization

What percentage of municipal solid waste in the United States is recycled?

20-29% ?

chapter 22 Suppose that a potentially toxic substance was added to the feed of experimental mice. Which one of the following scenarios would be associated with the largest dose of the toxic substance?

3 mg/kg for 20 days

chapter 9 : In countries that have completed the demographic transition, the crude birth rates and crude death rates are both about ______ per 1000 people per year

30 ?

What are the percentages of sand, silt, and clay in soil with a texture indicated by the red square in the figure below?

40% sand, 30% silt, 30% clay ?

The amount of biomass on successive trophic levels in a food chain forms a pyramid in which the biomass on trophic level N+1 is only 20% of the biomass on trophic level N. If pesticide P is transferred from one trophic level to the next with 100% efficiency, what will be the concentration of P on trophic level 5 if the concentration of P on trophic level 2 is 4 parts per million (ppm)?

500 ppm

Which one of the following statements is true about a Hadley cell?

Air rises at the equator and sinks at 30 degrees latitude ?

chapter 3 : Consider the following statements: (I) In any energy conversion, some of the usable energy is always lost (II) Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but it may be converted from one form to another, (III) Systems will go spontaneously in one direction only, toward increasing entropy. Which of these are statements of the second law of thermodynamics?

I and III

chapter 17 Which one of the following is not an example of the consequences of chronic exposure?

Japanese citizens living in Hiroshima and Nagasaki when the atomic bombs were dropped develop cancer 35 years later as a result of the large doses of radiation they received when the bombs exploded.

Which one of the following is an example of primary succession?

Lichens appear on basalt rock 50 years after a volcanic eruption on the Big Isalnd of Hawaii

Which one of the following mechanisms is expected to cause temperatures during the 21st century to rise more at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere than at high latitudes in the southern hemisphere?

Melting of the ice floating on the Arctic Ocean

Emissions of which one of the following gases as a result of fossil fuel burning leads to the production of ozone in the troposphere?

NO

chapter 2 : Which of the following countries have centrally planned economies?

North Korea and China

chapter 7 : Deterioration of which of the following ecosystems has been attributed in part to extensive changes of the inputs of water to or withdrawals of water from the system?

Rio Grande River and Florida Everglades

chapter 8 : Which one of the following statements is not true?

Since 1960, the percentage of people living in high-income countries has increased.

Which one of the following scenarios would be characterized as a brownfield?

The site of a former service station is abandoned because the underground fuel tanks below the site were found to have developed leaks

chapter 8 : In hypothetical country A, everyone dies when they reach the age of 60. In hypothetical country B, which has a better health care system, everyone dies when they reach the age of 80. If the total population of both countries is stable, what percentage of the total population would you expect to be in the age group 32-43 years inclusive?

20% in country A and 15% in country B

chapter 3 : At current rates of use, the world's supply of phosphate rock is expected to last for about _____ .

300-400 years

chapter 15 Which one of the following kinds of radiation is associated with the greatest amount of biological damage per unit of absorbed energy?

Alpha particles

chapter 20 If the BOD of raw sewage is 200 ppm, by how much would that water have to be diluted to prevent the oxygen in a stream from dropping from 10 ppm to less than 6 ppm?

At least a factor of 25

chapter 1 : The figure below shows concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere from the late 1950s to the present time. In addition to the long term trend of increasing CO2 concentrations, the concentrations also oscillate up and down by several parts per million on an annual basis. At what time of the year would you expect the concentrations to be lowest?

At the end of winter

Golden eagle populations in England recovered after use of _______was terminated in sheep dips.

DDT

Which one of the following is an example of gentrification? Which one of the following is an example of gentrification? Select one: a.Discriminatory housing practices allow middle-class people to move into public housing units intended for poor and low-income persons b.Political corruption results in a decision to locate a waste landfill next to a community that consists primarily of low-income families while a public golf course is built next to a community of upper-income families. c.An influx of middle-class people displaces poor residents from a formerly deteriorating neighborhood where homes and businesses were repaired and rebuilt d.A movement of middle-class and affluent people to the suburbs leaves the inner city occupied by poor and low-income persons

Discriminatory housing practices allow middle-class people to move into public housing units intended for poor and low-income persons

chapter 1 : The 1854 cholera outbreak near Broad Street in London came to an end when

The handle was removed from the Broad Street pump

chapter 9 : Cabbages and Condoms is

The name of a restaurant chain in Thailand

Further increases of carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere are expected to warm temperatures more at high latitudes than at low latitudes because

There is less water vapor in the atmosphere at high latitudes than at low latitudes

chapter 16 The two countries that account for the greatest amount of ethanol production as a fuel are

USA and Brazil

chapter 12 Which of the following countries have the largest areas of arable land?

United States and India

In a flash steam geothermal power plant, water is vaporized by ____________.

adding ammonia or a similar low-boiling-point working fluid ?

If the relationship between species A and B is mutualistic, __________ .

both A and B benefit from the relationship

chapter 7 : Which one of the following species of whales is currently being taken in small numbers each year by Alaskan Eskimos?

bowhead

Biologically available nitrogen can be added to aquatic systems

by nitrogen fixation and lost by either anammox or denitrification

chapter 18 Which one of the following gases accounts for the greatest percentage of the greenhouse effect globally?

carbon dioxide

chapter 2 : Temperatures are projected to rise more at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere by the end of this century because ________________ .

melting the ice on the Artic Ocean will decrease the albedo of the Arctic Ocean

The glacial-interglacial cycles that have taken place during the current ice age are believed to be caused by oscillations in the characteristics of Earth's rotation about its rotational axis and in its orbit around the Sun. These cyclic oscillations are called

milankovitch cycles

chapter 14 Most electric power plants built in the United States since 2000 use which one of the following sources of energy?

natural gas

If Earth rotated in the opposite direction, the Trade Winds in the northern hemisphere would blow from the

northwest

chapter 14 The United States has extensive deposits of ________________ in Colorado, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming that, if exploited, could yield the equivalent of an estimated 800 billion barrels of oil.

oil shale