EPIDEMIOLOGY
Pie chart -
"circle chart". Displays data and statistics in an easy-to- understand format and illustrates numerical proportion. It brakes down a group into smaller pieces.
Data Analysis
Determining the interrelationship of factors that will help the nurse view the significance of the problem and their implication on the health status of the community.
II. Multiple Causation theory
Ecologic Concept of Disease
a. Poverty level income b. Unemployment and underemployment rates c. Proportion salaried and wage earners d. Types of industry present in the community
Economic Indicator
a. Water supply b. Waste disposal c. Air, water and land pollution
Environmental indicators
Bar graph
Ideal for visualizing the distribution of data when we have more than three (3) categories
Developing the Instrument
Instrument or tools facilitate the nurse's data gathering activities.
Pie chart -
It works best for displaying data for 3 to 7 categories
1. Survey questionnaire - systematic study designed to collect data about a ommunity, but costly and time consuming 2. Interview guide 3. Observation checklist
Most common:
dentification and quantification of health problem dentification of those who are at risk dentification of community needs and problems Determine available resources Set priorities for planning
Purposes of community diagnosis
Bar graph
To show large data changes over time
Pie chart -
To show percentage or proportional data
Pie chart -
When comparing areas of growth
Line graph
When comparing two or more different variables, situations, and information over a given period of time
Pie chart -
When you want to create and represent the composition of something.
Bar graph
When you want to display data that are grouped into nominal (data with no numeric value, such as profession) or ordinal (numbers) categories
Line graph
When you want to make predictions based on a data history over time
Line graph-graphically
When you want to show trends eg. How cases of hypertension increase over time
Host
any organism that harbors and provides nourishment for another person or to a parasite which depends on it for its survival; the organism that is being infected by the agent
Comprehensive Community diagnosis
assessment of the community health status, the nurse considers the degree of detail or depth she should go into.
Data Analysis
community diagnosis aims to establish trends and patterns in term of health needs and problem of the community
Determining the objectives
decides on the depth and scope of the data one needs to gather
Health-related problems
described in terms of existence of social, economic, environmental, and political factors that that aggravate the illness-inducing situation in the community
Line graph-graphically
graph-graphically displays data that changes continuously over time. Each line graph consists of points that connect data to show a trend (continuous change).
Defining the study population
identifies the population group to be included in the study. It may include the entire population in the community
a. Communication network
(whether formal or informal) ecessary for disseminating health information or facilitating referral of clients to the health care system.
Comprehensive Community diagnosis
- aims to obtain general formation about the community (demographic variables, socio- conomic/cultural health and illness pattern, health resources, political/leadership pattern)
Health status problems
- described in terms of increased or decreased morbidity, mortality, fertility or reduced capability for wellness
Health resources problems
- described in terms of lack or absence of manpower, money, materials, or institutions necessary to solve health problems
Community Diagnosis:
Caring for the community as a client starts with determining its health status.
Web of Causation
Causes are multiple and heterogenous, collectively form the "web of causation" where every cause is interconnected just like a spider's web
CAUSE
is a condition, reason, or ground that plays a significant role in the occurrence of a disease
Community Diagnosis
n shot, it is nursing diagnosis with the community as its client.
Bar graph
represents categorical data with rectangular bars. They are commonly used to compare several categories of data. Each bar has length and height proportional to the values that they represent.
Transportation system
road networks necessary for accessibility of the people to health care delivery system
. Survey questionnaire -
systematic study designed to collect data about a ommunity, but costly and time consuming
Community Diagnosis
t is the end-result of data collection and analysis.
Agent
the cause, source or vehicle by which infectious organisms are transmitted
Environment
the place and the correct condition for the agent to come together with the host and infect it
Environment
the sum total of all the external conditions and influences that affect the development of an organism.
Educational level
which may be indicative of poverty and may reflect on health perception and utilization pattern of the community
Housing Condition
which may suggest health hazard
Multiple Causation theory
-Health conditions result from a multitude of factors which must be analyuzed and understood in terms of relationship
Pie chart -
. It shows "part-whole" relationship.
Community Diagnosis
A statement of the health and health-related problems of the community of which have a high risk of developing, and the possible causes or causative organisms and the contributory factors.
Community Diagnosis:
Analyze and seek explanations for the occurrence of health needs and problems of the community
Determining the objectives Defining the study population Determining the data to be collected Collecting the data 5. Developing the Instrument 6. Actual data gathering 7. Data collation 8. Data presentation
TEPS IN CONDUCTING COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
Community Diagnosis:
The nurse collects data about the community in order to identify the different factors that may directly or on directly influence the health of the population.
Bar graph
To compare data among different categories