Epidemiology Studies And Types

The 2 types of studies that are based on their goals is what?

Descriptive and Analytic

What is the difference between descriptive Epidemiology and analytic Epidemiology?

Descriptive studies is focused on describing the disease in a population such as asking the questions, "Who has the Disease" and "How long have they had the disease?". Analytic studies focus on what factor caused the disease and would ask questions like "What caused the disease?" and "How do we prevent the disease?". We conduct analytic studies once we have enough information about the disease from descriptive studies.

What is the difference between Case-Control studies and Cohort studies?

In case-control studies, scientists find people based on disease status while Cohort studies scientists find people based on exposure status.

Explain a Randomized Controlled Trial.

In randomized controlled trials, scientists group people based on whether or not they received an experimental treatment at the start of the study. Then, they follow each group until they develop an outcome (good or bad) from the disease they have. - All new drugs are tested using this study design.

The 2 types of studies that are based on their timing is what?

Observational and Experimental - Information was/will be collected in the past, present, or future.

Explain a Quasi-Interventional Design.

Similar to randomized controlled trial, except the study isn't randomized and intervention groups aren't compared.

Explain a case-control study.

- A case-control study is an analytic study. Scientists compare people who have the disease (cases) and who are not sick with the disease (controls).

Explain a Cohort study.

- A cohort study is an analytic study. Scientists group people on whether or not they were exposed to the disease at the beginning of the study. They then follow each group until they develop the disease.

What are the 4 descriptive types of Epidemiology?

- Case Reports - Case Series - Cross-Sectional - Ecological

Explain a case report.

- Case report is a descriptive study, that is a report on a single patient. It just describes what the patients disease looks like. - Case reports can also be called a case study.

Explain a case series.

- Case series is a descriptive study that is a report on several patients with similar disease. It just describes what the patients disease looks like.

What are the 6 analytical types of Epidemiology?

- Case-Control Studies - Cohort Studies - Randomized Controlled Trials - Systematic Reviews - Quasi-Interventional Studies - Ecological

Explain a cross-sectional study.

- Cross-sectional study is a "snapshot" in time of who has a disease or exposure at one point in time. - It provides no information on what caused the disease only who has the disease at that particular time. - Cross-sectional studies are sometimes called a "Prevalence survey/study."

Explain an Ecological Study.

- Ecological studies study a whole population versus a group of people, such as a country instead of like ten people, and everyone in the group is assumed to have the "average" amount of the characteristic we are interested in.

Explain Systematic Review.

- Systematic Reviews is when a scientists reads all of the studies that have been done on a particular topics and then summarized the information in a "new study."

Studies are classified by what 2 ways?

1. Based on their goals 2. Based on their timing

What is the difference between observational studies and experimental studies?

Scientists in observational studies do not interfere with the study. Observational studies is used when it is unethical or not practical to interfere. Scientists in experimental studies set a control and interfere with the experiment when it is ethical and practical to interfere.

Descriptive studies are ______ experimental, but analytic studies may or may not be experimental.

never