Erik Erikson stages (Human growth and development)

Social Development on a Macro level

On a macro level, social development is about a commitment that development processes need to benefit people, particularly, but not only, the poor. It also recognizes the way people interact in groups and society, and the norms that facilitate such interaction.

Social Development on a Micro level

On a micro level, social development is learning how to behave and interact well with others. Social development relies on emotional development or learning how to manage feelings so they are productive and not counterproductive.

According to Erikson, when the infant is cuddled, fed and loved, the infant will develop: 1. autonomy 2. trust 3. industry 4. identity

2. Trust

According to Erikson the task of the young adult is: 1. trust vs mistrust 2. identity vs confusion 3. generativity vs stagnation 4. intimacy vs isolation

2. identity vs confusion

According to Erikson, the develpmental taks for older adults are: 1. intimacy vs isolation 2. generativity vs despair 3. ego integrity vs despair 4. initiative vs guilt

3. Ego integrity vs Despair

An 8 yr old loves to draw and do craft projects. Her need for praise and encouragement for her work efforts demonstrates her development of Erikson's task of: 1. autonomy 2. initiative 3. industry 4. identity

3. industry

At 4 yrs of age, a child is working on Erikson's task of: 1. trust vs, mistrust 2. industry vs inferiority 3. autonomy vs shame & doubt 4. initiative vs guilt

4. initiative vs guilt

Intimacy Versus Isolation Young Adult - Unsuccessful Completion

Avoiding intimacy and fearing commitment and relationships can lead to isolation, loneliness, and sometimes depression.

Initiative versus Guilt (3 to 6 Years) Unsuccessful Completion

Children are taking initiative and leading. Conversely, if this tendency is squelched, either through criticism or control, children develop a sense of guilt. They may feel like nuisances to others and will therefore remain followers, lacking self-initiative.

Industry Versus Inferiority-6 to puberty

Children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments. If this initiative is not encouraged but instead restricted, children begin to feel inferior, doubting their abilities, and failing to reach their potential.

Ego Integrity Versus Despair- Unsuccessful Completion growing older and becoming senior citizens

Contemplate accomplishments and are able to develop a sense of integrity if they are satisfied with the progression of their lives

Industry vs inferiority - 6 to puberty

From age 6 to puberty, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments. They initiate projects, see them through to completion, and feel good about what they have achieved. If children are encouraged and reinforced for their initiative, they begin to feel industrious and feel confident in their ability to achieve goals. If this initiative is not encouraged but instead restricted, children begin to feel inferior, doubting their abilities, and failing to reach their potential.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt-Unsuccessful Completion

If children are criticized -overly controlled -Not given the opportunity to assert themselves, They begin to feel inadequate in their ability to: -Survive, and may then -Become overly dependent upon -Lacking self-esteem -Feeling a sense of shame or doubt in their own abilities.

Basic trust vs. mistrust

Infancy - Birth to 1yr - infants learn to trust or to not trust that significant others will properly care for their basic needs including nourishment, sucking, warmth, cleanliness, and physical contact.

Name the developmental task for age of birth to 1yr

Infancy = basic trust vs mistrust

Industry Versus Inferiority Key words

Initiate projects and see them to completion, feel confident and industrious if restricted feel inferior, doubting their abilities failing to reach potential

Initiative vs. guilt

Preschool - 4 to 6yrs - children want to undertake many adultlike activiities, make up games, and initiate and develop a sense of initiative w/ others and feel secure in leading others sometimes going beyond the limits set by parents and feeling guilty because of it

Reforms

Reforms aimed at improving rights and more participatory governance are part of the process by which institutional change is achieved. This is apart of social development

Social accountability

Social accountability exists to the extent that individuals' voices are expressed and heard. This is apart of social development

Social cohesion

Social cohesion is enhanced when peaceful and safe environments within neighborhoods and communities are created. This is apart of social development

Social development implies

Social development implies a change in social institutions. Progress toward an inclusive society, for example, implies that individuals treat each other fairly in their daily lives, whether in the family, workplace, or public office.

According to Erick Ericson's Theory - Toddler - 1 to 3yrs Unsuccessful Completion happens if children are: -Criticized -Overly controlled -Not given the opportunity to assert themselves,

They begin to feel inadequate in their ability to: -Survive, and may then -Become overly dependent -Lacking self-esteem -Feeling a sense of shame or doubt in their own abilities.

Generativity Versus Stagnation unsuccessful completion

They want to give back to society, establish careers, raise children be apart of something bigger, be productive @work By failing to achieve these objectives, individuals become stagnant and feel unproductive.

Identity Versus Role Confusion-Adolescence Unsuccessful completion

This sense of who they are can be hindered, which results in a sense of confusion ("I don't know what I want to be when I grow up") about themselves and their role in the world.

Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt

Toddler - 1 to 3yrs - children learn either to be self-sufficient in many activities, including toileting, feeding, walking, and talking, or to doubt their own abilities

Name the developmental task for age of 1 to 3yrs

Toddler = autonomy vs shame & doubt

Trust vs. Mistrust -Unsuccessful Completion

Unsuccessful completion of this state can result in an inability to trust, and therefore a sense of fear about the inconsistent world. It may result in anxiety, heightened insecurities, and feelings of mistrust in the world around them.

identity vs role confusion

adolescence - 12 to 19yrs - adolescents try to figure out "who am I?" They establish sexual, ethnic, and career identities or are confused about what future roles to play

Name the developmental task for age of 12 to 19

adolescence = identity vs role confusion

Ego integrity vs. despair

late adulthood - 65 plus - older adults try to make sense out of their lives, either seeing life as meaningful and whole or despairing at goals never reached and questions never answered. As individuals grow older and become senior citizens, they tend to slow down and explore life as retired people. It is during this time that they contemplate accomplishments and are able to develop a sense of integrity if they are satisfied with the progression of their lives. If they see their lives as being unproductive and failing to accomplish life goals, they become dissatisfied with life and develop despair, often leading to depression and hopelessness.

Name the developmental task for age of 65 plus

late adulthood= ego integrity vs despair

generativity vs stagnation

middle adulthood - approx. 45 to 65yrs- middle aged adults are productive, performing meaningful work and raising a family, or become stagnant and inactive During middle adulthood, individuals establish careers, settle down within relationships, begin families, and develop a sense of being a part of the bigger picture. They give back to society through raising children, being productive at work, and becoming involved in community activities and organizations. By failing to achieve these objectives, individuals become stagnant and feel unproductive.

Name the developmental task for age of 45 to 65

middle adulthood = generativity vs stagnation

Name the developmental task for age of 4 to 6 yrs

preschool = initiative vs guilt

Name the developmental task for age of 7 to 11yrs

school age = industry vs inferiority

Intimacy vs isolation

young adulthood - approx 19 to 40 - young adults seek companionship and love with another person or become isolated from others In young adulthood, individuals begin to share themselves more intimately with others and explore relationships leading toward longer term commitments with others outside the family. Successful completion can lead to comfortable relationships and a sense of commitment, safety, and care within a relationship. Avoiding intimacy and fearing commitment and relationships can lead to isolation, loneliness, and sometimes depression.

Name the developmental task for age of 20 to 44

young adulthood = intimacy vs isolation