ES Chapter 14

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The U.S. Census Bureau defines an urban area as an area that contains more than ____________ people.

2500

What tool might a land-use planner use to determine where to locate a new mall?

GIS

What is an example of land used as protected area to preserve the scenery and ecosystems within it?

Yellowstone National Park

What was the first national park established in 1870 to protect and preserve the land for future generations?

Yellowstone National Park

the first national park in the United States

Yellowstone National Park

How do people use land?

agriculture, lumber, preserved areas

What gas do forests remove from the atmosphere?

carbon dioxide (CO2)

What is the difference between clear-cutting and selective-cutting tree harvesting methods?

clear cutting is fast and cheap but destroys habitats. selective cutting is harder and more expensive but preserves habitats

all trees removed from an area

clear-cutting

the process of removing all trees from an area of land

clear-cutting or deforestation

a trip of protected land that connects one preserve to another

conservation corridor

land used to grow plants for food and fiber

cropland

the clearing of trees from an area without replacing them

deforestation

resources produced by natural and artificial ecosystems

ecosystem services

What are some impacts of suburban sprawl?

increased suburban development, loss of arable land, traffic

all the things society builds for public use

infrastructure

fire stations, roads, and bridges are examples of:

infrastructure

Why do most people move to the city?

jobs

What do heat islands affect?

local weather and precipitation

rural areas contain large areas of __________ and relatively few people

open space

What causes the most damage to rangeland?

overgrazing

land used for recreation and scenic enjoyment and for preserving native animal and plant communities and ecosystems

parks and preserves

the negative consequences of harvesting trees using the clear-cutting method

soil erosion and wildlife habitat destruction

What are several environmental effects of deforestation?

soil erosion, decreased carbon dioxide absorption, decreased oxygen production, loss of habitats, species extinction

A side effect of heat islands

increased precipitation

where do most Americans live?

urban areas

The phenomenon caused by rapid growth in cities including traffic jams, substandard housing, and polluted air and water

urban crisis

having a governing body and 2500 people or more in an area are characteristics of:

urban land

rapid expansion of a city into a surrounding countryside

urban sprawl

the deterioration of living conditions is a side effect of:

urban sprawl

the movement of people from rural areas to cities

urbanization

Why is it important to preserve farmland?

water filtration, air filtration, temperature moderation and food

the most protected public lands

wilderness areas

What negative impacts does inadequate infrastructure have on urban crisis?

If the population of a city grows too rapidly, the infrastructure cannot keep up and will start to fall apart

What are some parts of the community that are considered to be infrastructure?

fire station, hospitals, power lines, schools, sewage systems, bridges, roads

What resource do about 1.5 billion people rely on for fuel?

firewood

Why should rural areas be preserved?

for the ecological services they provide (water filtration, moderation of temperature, food)

Cities generate and trap _______, causing increased temperatures

heat

an effect caused by increased temperature in a city due to generated and trapped heat

heat island

eliminating invasive plants and replacing them with native plants is one aspect of:

range improvement

land used to graze livestock

rangeland

the opposite of deforestation

reforestation

What can be done to sustain the productivity of rangeland?

remove invasive plants, limit grazing animals, let it lie fallow

what is reforestation?

replanting an entire stand of trees in an area

As opposed to urban land, _________ land has relatively few people.

rural

Regardless of where people live, the are dependent on resources produced where?

rural areas

Where did most people live before 1850?

rural areas

an effective way to allow forests to recover from tree harvesting

selective cutting

mature, middle-aged trees are removed from an area

selective-cutting

the environmentally preferred method of harvesting trees

selective-cutting

Why is deforestation a serious problem in tropical rainforests?

the land is not fertile for crop prduction, so they continue to clear more and more land

What is appositive aspect of having designated wilderness areas?

they protect habitats and the species that live there


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