Escobedo v Illinois

Mapp v. Ohio

Basically any evidence obtained from illegal searches and seizures cannot be used in state courts. However, when to apply this ruling and with what evidence was difficult to ascertain and became an issue for the future

Roe v. Wade

Jane Roe was an unmarried and pregnant resident of Texas. She wanted an abortion but Texas law made it illegal to abort a unborn fetus unless the mother's life was in danger. She filed a suit against the district attorney of Dallas Wade. Roe won the case which made abortion legal during the first trimester.

McCulloch v. Maryland

The first national bank of america was made and many states thought this was a sign of the government becoming too powerful which led to Maryland established a law that taxes federal banks. McCulloch refused to pay the tax and Maryland sued. This case led to The Federal Gov will always be higher than the state.

New York Times v. United States

Basically the Nixon administration was unable to prove that the documents that the New York Times wanted to publish were a risk to the public safety, so they could not withhold them as it would violate the first amendment rights of the freedom of press.

Gideon v. Wainwright

Basically, the state courts, like federal, are required to appoint a lawyer to any defendant without one regardless of the circumstances of the case. Otherwise they are in violation of the right to counsel given by the sixth amendment in order to put up a proper defense..

Escobedo v. Illinois

This case established the absolute right to remain silent. This came to be as Escobedo was refused consultation with his lawyer and was eventually made to confess to murder. Basically he was forced to incriminate himself and as a result had his rights violated. This was made using the sixth amendment, but in modern times the fifth is used for similar cases.

Miranda v. Arizona

This case found that police must take the necessary measures to prevent self-incrimination by the defendant. The lasting effect of this is that when being arrested the defendant will be read their Miranda rights such as the right to remain silent and right to a lawyer.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Louisiana passed a law segregating trains. One compartment was black the other was white. Homer Plessy sat in a white only part of the train and was arrested. He took his case to the Supreme Court saying that it violated his 13th and 14th amendment rights. The law louisiana had was declared unconstitutional along with any other law that segregated different races in public areas.