ESSC 101 Unit Exam 3

____ of water is trapped in form of ice at poles

2%

_____ of earth's surface is covered in water.

70%

_______of earth's surface is covered with sediment/sedimentary rocks. Water filters through soil until it gets to a ______ _______ letting the water flow through. The water ultimately moves back to ______ _______. (infiltration)

75%/porous boundary/sea level

polar. ¼ of the depth of the rest of the oceans. Covered by permanent layer of ice. Lots of sea ice and continental glaciers makes the arctic ocean become a part of pacific and Atlantic oceans. During ice ages, sea level is relatively low

Arctic Ocean

about half the size of the Pacific Ocean but is growing larger. longest mid-ocean ridge on earth; mid-Atlantic ridge. Started to form as Pangea broke apart.

Atlantic Ocean

(estuaries) 1-30g/L

Brackish water

(deep groundwater) > 50g/L

Brine

_________ doesn't form bonds easily. To get it out of ________, there has to be an increase in the concentration of ________ and _______ to precipitate out salts. ________ gets in through the dissolution of ________ _________. These minerals can be pumped into the __________ but some are easier to precipitate out

Chlorine/seawater/chlorine and sodium/Sodium/silicate minerals/ocean

allows for water of differ temps to move across earth's surface. Very important for stability of life and maintenance of earth's ocean temps.

Coldwater current

(rivers, lakes, shallow groundwater) < 1g/L

Freshwater

______ from the ____ that allows for the Hydrologic Cycle

Heat/sun

___________ are so abundant in the North Atterm-0lantic and Gulf of Mexico because the Gulf Stream and Northern Equatorial Currents are very ______

Hurricanes/warm

dissolution of minerals into hot water at mid ocean ridges. Tectonic plates move apart creating new rock. Water is pulled into the crust and pumped back into ocean. Amount of hot water pumped back into seas allowed for life to start billions of years ago

Hydrothermal process in mid ocean ridges

slightly smaller than the Atlantic but about as deep. India slams into Asia and continues to move upward; convergent. Indian ocean slides under islands which caused 2004 tsunami

Indian Ocean

largest, most ancient, and deepest ocean. Mariana Trench is the deepest point at 35,000 feet; plates are subducting back into the mantle

Pacific Ocean

(oceans) 30-50g/L

Saltwater

______ _____ provides energy, air becomes saturated with water. Water vapor is _______ _______ (0-4%). It is more ________ and ______ _________. As you move ________ from sea level, temperature ________. Water vapor reaches an altitude where temps are too _____ to keep the water in a ___________ state. (evaporation)

Solar radiation/absolute humidity/lightweight and less dense/away/decreases/cold/gaseous

something you dissolve things into

Solvent

polar. Also called the Antarctic ocean. Defined by the meeting of ocean currents near Antarctica. Cold water currents keep temps lower at north pole vs south pole.

Southern Ocean

________ ________ distribute water around the globe and are primarily driven by the ________ _______ which occurs due to the Earth's rotation and deflects moving water and air to the right in the _______ ______ and to the left in the _________ _______. Moves from equator which is ______ to poles which are ______.

Surface currents/Coriolis Force/Northern Hemisphere/Southern Hemisphere/warm/colder

the movement and interchange of water between the sea, air, and land

The Hydrologic Cycle

Dihydrogen Monoxide is a _______ ________ because of the structure of the molecule is ______ (positive and negative end)

Universal solvent/polar

Which part of the continental margin is thought to represent sea level lowstand? a. Continental Shelf b. Continental Rise c. Continental Lowstand d. Continental Abyss

a. Continental Shelf

Which ocean contains the lowest point on Earth? a. Pacific b. Atlantic c. Indian d. Southern

a. Pacific

What feature in South Louisiana allowed for springs to form in the past? a. listric (normal) faults b. fractured limestone c. abrupt changes in elevations d. there have never been springs in South Louisiana

a. listric (normal) faults

Glaciers tend to carve what types of valleys into the landscape? a. Steep V-shaped valleys b. Flat-bottomed U-shaped valleys c. Slot Canyons d. Glaciers don't carve valleys

b. Flat-bottomed U-shaped valleys

Which of the following terms is used to describe a rock that has a high porosity and permeability? a. Source Rock b. Reservoir Rock c. Oil Trap d. Aquiclude

b. Reservoir Rock

What type of aquifer is common in Southern Louisiana? a. Limestone b. Sandstone c. Shale d. Granite

b. Sandstone

Which of the following best describes permeability? a. The pore space available to store fluids in rocks b. The interconnectedness of pore space in rocks c. The rate in which water can flow through a rock d. None of the above

b. The interconnectedness of pore space in rocks

As deposition and erosion occur in the channel of a meandering stream, they become ___________. a. less meandering (straighter) b. more meandering c. the same d. none of the above

b. more meandering

Which features on the lower Mississippi River are currently being built to increase the amount of sediment deposited on the coastline? a. Levees b. Lock and Dam Structures c. Freshwater Diversions d. Canals

c. Freshwater Diversions

Which of the following features will only occur in an active continental margin? a. Continental Slope b. Rocky headlands c. Oceanic Trench d. None of the above

c. Oceanic Trench

Rivers form as a result of _________________. a. Infiltration of freshwater from the surface b. Evaporation of seawater from the oceans c. Runoff of water along the continents d. Condensation of water vapor in clouds

c. Runoff of water along the continents

What is the top of the saturated zone called? a. The water saturation level b. The vadose zone c. The water table d. The aquifer

c. The water table

A _______ is pieces of particles suspended into the atmosphere with a drop of water condensed onto the particles. Clouds at earth's surface is ____; humid air moves over a _____, ground surface. Clouds continue to get _______ and _________ that they can fall through the atmosphere unto the surface as ____________.(Condensation)

cloud/fog/cold/dense and heavy/precipitation

water vapor cools, condenses and forms clouds

condensation

Which control on the Mississippi River was opened during the 2011 May Flood? a. Morganza Spillway b. Old River Control Structure c. Bonnet Carre Spillway d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which feature is created by sediment deposition at the mouth of a river? a. Point bar b. Natural Levee c. Floodplain d. Delta

d. Delta

What atmospheric conditions lead to sea level rise? a. Cooler Atmospheric Conditions b. More Rainfall c. Less Rainfall d. Warmer atmospheric conditions

d. Warmer atmospheric conditions

Gyres mimic the Coriolis deflection in ______ ________

each hemisphere

taking a liquid and turning it into a gas.

evaporation

Water moving across the surface of earth as earth is rotating from under it

gyres

Warm and cold water currents form as a result of the ______ that mimic the ________ _______

gyres/Coriolis deflection

Temperatures are _______ near the equator; more dissolution less precipitation of minerals higher salinity in ______ _____. Higher salinity in _______, _______ parts of the _______. _________ have become ______ salty over time and will continue to do so.

higher/warmer water/deep, central/ocean/Oceans/more

Variations in temperature and salinity cause water to circulate at depth because density _______ as temperature ________, and increasing salinity also causes seawater density to _________

increases/decreases/increase

water soaking into the ground, usually moving toward sea- level (groundwater)

infiltration

Water detaches the _____ and replaces the need for the _____ to be _______ _______

ions/ions/bonded together

Earth has stable, _____ ______ on the planet with makes ____ possible

liquid water/life

rain or snow on the continents

precipitation

Once it hits earth it either _____ ____ on the surface and ______ along the surface or it ______ ____ the water becoming _________. It continues to _____ (Precipitation)

pulls up/runoff/soaks up/groundwater/move

water flowing over land surface, always returning to a base level (usually sea-level), forming rivers.

runoff

Total amount of dissolved solute in water (saltiness); g/L or parts per thousand

salinity

At the mouth of rivers forms _________ ________

sediment buildup

______ water rises to the surface, _____ water sinks down

warm/cold

Dihydrogen Monoxide

water

Dissolves things with an ionic bond

water

dissolution of minerals into groundwater and surface water

water cycle

The Hydrologic Cycle starts and ends with _______________

water in the oceans.