Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology Midterm (Ch.7 Skeletal)

bone remodeling

ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue

what is the role of bone in calcium homeostasis?

to buffer the blood calcium level

metaphyses

between the diaphysis and epiphyses

partial fracture

crack

flat bones kinds 4

cranial bones sternum ribs scapulae

short bones kinds

wrist bones ankle bones

which ribs are floating ribs?

11 and 12

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

126

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

80

what decreases the loss of calcium in the urine?

PTH

What bones are in the axial skeleton?

Skull hyoid auditory ossicles vertebral column thorax

What does the sphenoid bone look like?

a bat with outstretched wings

mastoid process

a point of attachment for neck muscles located in temporal bone

function of yellow bone marrow

a potenial chemical energy reserve

bone deposition

addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts

osteoblasts definition

bone building cells

intramembranous ossification

bone forms in mesenchyme in sheetlike layers that resemble membranes

open fracture

broken bone breaks through skin

complete fracture

broken in two or more places

articular cartilage definition

cartilage covering ephiphyses where a joint is

Vertebral curves that bulge outward

cervical and lumbar

central haversian canal

channel that runs longitudinally through bone and contains blood vessels and nerves

What bone tissue is the strongest type?

compact bone tissue

irregular bones definition and kinds

complex shapes cannot be grouped into other categories vertebrae some facial bones

compact bone

contains few spaces and has repeating osteons or haversian systems

false pelvis

contains urinary bladder and uterus during pregnancy

parts of the ethmoid bone

crista galli, olfactory foramina, cribriform plate, nasal concha

short bones definition

cube shape, equal in length and width

periosteum definition

dense connective tissue that surrounds bone surface and contains bone forming cells

epiphyses

distal and proximal ends of the bone

ethmoid bone

divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides. contains air spaces

closed fracture

doesn't break through the skin

What types of bones are formed in intramembranous ossification?

facial bones clavicle soft spots of fetal skull

long bone kinds

femur tibia fibula humerus ulna radius fingers toes

true ribs

first seven ribs that attach to sternum

What is the largest foramen in the skull?

foramen magnum

long bones definition

greater length than width

axis

has spinous process and body, has pivot that allows head to shake no

periosteum function 3

helps bone grow in diameter not length nourish bone tissue attachment point for ligaments and tendons

vertebral foramen

hole containing the spinal cord

medullary cavity

hollow space in diaphysis that contains yellow bone marrow

calcitronin

horomone that decreases bone resorption

What are the smallest bones of the face?

lacrimal bones

epiphyseal growth plate

layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the bone to grow in length

lacunae

little lakes that contain osteocytes

diaphysis

long cylindrical main portion of the bone

3 parts of the sternum

manubrium, body and xiphoid process

osteocytes

mature bone cells

What types of bones are formed through endochondral ossification?

most bones of the body

Where is the foramen magnum located?

occipital bone

which cells secrete extracellular matrix?

osteoblasts

what cells breakdown the extracellular matrix?

osteoclasts

what cells maintain daily metabolism?

osteocytes

What produces giantism?

overproduction of hGH

ossification

process of bone formation

paranasal sinuses

produce the sounds of our speaking and singing voices

red bone marrow

produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

spongy bone function

protects and supports red bone marrow

A newborn has only ___ blood marrow

red

hemopoiesis

red bone marrow producing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

articular cartilage function

reduces friction and absorbs shock at joints

parathyroid horomone

regulates calcium exchange between blood and bone

bone resorption

removal of minerals and collagen fibers from bone by osteoclasts

endochondral ossification

replacement of cartilage by bone

concentric lamellae

rings of hard calcified extracellular matrix

palatine bones

roof of mouth

perforating Volkmann canals

run perpendicular to bone and connect with medullary canal, periosteum and central canals

Parts of the vertebral column that are immovable

sacrum and coccyx

Where is spongy bone found?

short flat irregular shaped bones in the ephiphyses of long bones

canaliculi

small channels filled with extracellular fluid that connect lacunae with other lacunae and central canals

Which bone is the keystone of the cranial floor?

sphenoid bone

what bone contains the pituitary gland?

sphenoid bone

what type of bone tissue has trabecula?

spongy bone tissue

yellow bone marrow

stores triglycerides

atlas

supports head, no spinous process and lets you nod head yes

hyoid bone

supports tongue and provides attachment for some tongue muscles

What bones form the zygomatic arch?

temporal and zygomatic bones

where is the external auditory meatus located?

temporal bone

where is the mandibular fossa located?

temporal bone

where is the styloid process located?

temporal bone

spurs

thick bumps caused by a surplus of mineral material in bone

flat bones definition

thin and provide surfaces for muscle attachment

endosteum

thin membrane that lines medullary cavity

osteogenic cells

unspecialized stem cells that undergo cell division and develop into osteoblasts

What serves as a point of attachment for the ribs, pelvic girdle and muscles of the back?

vertebral column

epiphyseal line

when bone growth stops and the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone