Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology(11) Activity Lab 10

What term refers to a deficiency of white blood cells? leukemia leuocytosis polycythemia leukopenia

leukopenia

Which of these formed elements is responsible for stopping bleeding? platelet lymphocyte neutrophil monocyte

platelet

What is the basis of the ABO blood groups? presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surface of RBCs antigens in the blood plasma Rh blood groups presence of anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma

presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surface of RBCs

Which anemia is caused by a genetic mutation? sickle cell anemia hemolytic anemia pernicious anemia aplastic anemia

sickle cell anemia

Which clotting factor converts fibrinogen to fibrin? platelets serum thrombin calcium

thrombin

Which of the following conditions is NOT characterized by excessive bleeding? hemophilia leukemia thrombosis All of these conditions are characterized by excessive bleeding.

thrombosis

What triggers the adherence of platelets to the wall of an injured blood vessel? thrombin activation vascular spasm collagen fibers endothelium

collagen fibers

Which of these is a normal value for whole blood? erythrocytes: 4,000 to 6,000 thousand per mm3 of blood water: 65% of plasma volume hematocrit: 45% pH: 6.8 to 7.2

hematocrit: 45%

Which cell the precursor of all types of blood-formed elements? myeloid stem cell megakaryocytes lymphoid stem cell hemocytoblast

hemocytoblast

Which of the following inhibits clot formation? serum serotonin heparin tissue factor

heparin

Romaine, a 23-year-old woman, is complaining about constant infection and heavy monthly menstruation. A blood test reveals that Romaine has accelerated leukocytosis but an abnormally high number of immature white blood cells (WBCs). What is Romaine's diagnosis? thrombocytopenia leukemia polycythemia pernicious anemia

leukemia

Which blood cells are responsible for fighting infections? erythrocytes platelets globulins leukocytes

leukocytes

When typing a patient's blood, agglutination occurred with anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies. What is this patient's blood type? A positive B negative O positive AB positive

A positive

What is the cause of the physiologic jaundice seen in some newborns? The bone marrow is unable to produce new RBCs. Liver is too immature to handle the breakdown products of hemoglobin if fetal RBCs are rapidly destroyed. The lack of iron in the newborn's diet limits the production of RBCs. The low oxygen content of blood causes the skin to have a yellowish hue.

Liver is too immature to handle the breakdown products of hemoglobin if fetal RBCs are rapidly destroyed.

Which of these indicates leukocytosis? hemoglobin value less than 12mg/100 ml blood WBC count higher than 11,000 cells/mm3 WBC count between 5-10,000 cells/mm3 WBC count lower than 4,000 cells/mm3

WBC count higher than 11,000 cells/mm3

Which leukocytes release histamine during the inflammatory response? basophils eosinophils monocytes neutrophils

basophils

Which of these is a plasma electrolyte? chloride albumin urea platelet

chloride

The ABO blood groups are based on which of two antigens, type A or type B, a person inherits.

A person with blood type B has antigen B on his or her RBCs. A person with blood type AB has both A and B antigens on his or her RBCs. A person with blood type A has antigen A on his or her RBCs. A person with blood type O has neither A nor B antigen on his or her RBCs.

Blood is vital for transporting substances through the body. When a person bleeds, that person is hemorrhaging. Blood loss over 30% can be fatal if not replaced by a blood transfusion.

A person with type AB- blood could receive type B- blood, type A- blood, type AB- blood, or type O- blood. A person with type O+ blood could receive type O+ blood or type O- blood. A person with type A- blood could receive type A- blood or type O- blood. A person with type B+ blood could receive type B+ blood, type B- blood, type O- blood, or type O+ blood.

Rh antigens are separate from ABO antigens and were originally discovered in Rhesus monkeys. An Rh+ mom carrying an Rh- fetus is at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn. Anti-Rh antibodies are not automatically made, unlike the antibodies in ABO blood groups. Anti-Rh antibodies are automatically made, like the antibodies in ABO blood groups. An Rh- mom carrying her second Rh+ fetus is at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Anti-Rh antibodies are not automatically made, unlike the antibodies in ABO blood groups. An Rh- mom carrying her second Rh+ fetus is at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Clotting is necessary to mend breaks in circulatory vessels and to prevent extreme losses of blood, but it can also have detrimental effects if unregulated. Various factors may either enhance or inhibit this process.

Enhancers- Tissue Factor, PF3, Calcium Ions, Thrombin, Fibrinogen, Vitamin K Inhibitors- Aspirin, Heparin, Coumadin Neither- Serum

Donor and recipient blood types are A positive. Mixing recipient serum with donor RBCs caused agglutination. No agglutination occurred when donor serum was mixed with recipient RBCs. Is the blood safe for transfusion? No, antibodies in the recipient's plasma are interacting with some unidentified antigen on the donor RBCs. No, antibodies in the recipient's blood will cross-react with antibodies in the donor blood. Yes, typing and cross matching show that the donor blood is compatible with the recipient's blood type. No, the donor blood has antibodies that will react with recipient RBCs.

No, antibodies in the recipient's plasma are interacting with some unidentified antigen on the donor RBCs.

In the case of pregnancy, the danger lies in a sensitized Rh- mother carrying an Rh+ fetus. How does this harm the fetus?

Rh- mother delivers healthy first Rh+ baby. Rh- mother is exposed to Rh+ antigens. Rh- mother makes anti-Rh antibodies. Rh- mother is pregnant with second Rh+ baby. Anti-Rh antibodies cross the placenta. Anti-Rh antibodies destroy Rh+ baby's RBCs.

What disorder is associated with a deficiency of clotting factors? hemophilia embolism thrombocytopenia thrombosis

hemophilia

Pernicious anemia is caused by lack of vitamin B12 absorption by the small intestine. What substance is lacking or in low concentrations that causes this condition? iron histamine intrinsic factor erythropoietin

intrinsic factor

What type of anemia is associated with atrophy of the stomach mucosa in the elderly? aplastic anemia pernicious anemia iron-deficiency anemia hemolytic anemia

pernicious anemia

Which of the following is associated with the sickle cell trait? abnormally high number of white blood cells (WBCs) anemia and extreme pain in capillaries resistance to the malaria-causing parasite abnormally high number of erythrocytes

resistance to the malaria-causing parasite

Which of these occurs first in hemostasis? fibrin activation vascular spasm thrombus formation platelet plug formation

vascular spasm

Which of the following is characteristic of whole blood? volume in men of about 8 liters pH of 7 five times the viscosity of water hematocrit of 60%

five times the viscosity of water

Which patient might be diagnosed with physiologic jaundice? person with malaria newborn baby elderly male individual with liver disease

newborn baby

What blood type has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma? type O type Rh-positive type AB type Rh-negative

type O

What blood type can a person with O negative blood receive in a transfusion? type AB negative type O negative type O positive type AB positive

type O negative

What is the protein found in blood plasma that acts to keep water in the bloodstream? albumin hemoglobin globulins fibrinogen

albumin

Which of these functions to maintain osmotic pressure and pH balance? urea fibrinogen albumin globulin

albumin