Ethics Final

Match the following views of human-animal interaction with statements likely to be made by someone subscribing to that particular view. "People do not have the right to eat animals." "Animals have the same rights as people, which is why I refer to Fido as my canine companion." "If I want to beat my dog to release tension, no one can tell me different." "People should develop and uphold standards to protect animals." "It is OK to use animals for food." 1. Use 2. Rights 3. Welfare 4. Liberation 5. Exploitation

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Match the following: Piracy Emerging Technology Hacking Precautionary Principle Cyber Ethics Nanotechnology 1. Technology focuses on innovations at the molecular level 2. Electronically breaking into another computer without permission 3. Requires developers to demonstrate absence of harmfulness 4. Moral standards applied to the use of computers 5. New areas of original technological research 6. Using copyrighted material without paying for it

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Dr. King's letter from the Birmingham jail teaches us that: Question options: 1) Some laws are just, morally right and fair. 2) A good person might break an unjust law as a matter of conscience. 3) Laws are not always ethical. 4) All of the Above

All of the above

Government leaders are sworn to uphold the following: Question options: 1) The Constitution of the United States 2) Official regulations and rules 3) Specific Codes of Ethics 4) The U.S. Supreme Court or Federal Appeals Court in the region of the nation 5) All of the Above

All of the above

Which of the following is considered a tool to help us make ethical decisions? Question options: 1) Critical Thinking 2) Ethics Sources 3) Wisdom from History 4) All of the Above

All of the above

Which of the following is/are true? Check all that apply: Question options: 1) You may make one back-up copy of software. 2) Copying software for educational purposes is permitted. 3) All software programs are automatically covered by copyright. 4) It is illegal to loan software.

All of the above

Ad hominem circumstantial : 1. All the crimes were committed by people who ate meat. Eating meat causes criminal behavior. 2. Don't listen to what she says about studying; it's been years since she took a class. 3. First you'll stop studying, then you'll fail your class, next thing you'll know you'll end up in jail. 4. Everyone agrees sharks are dangerous and should be destroyed. 5. I already ate five cookies, so one more isn't going to hurt.

Don't listen to what she says about studying; it's been years since she took a class

Considering the Veil of Ignorance, which of the following is true? Check all that apply: Question options: 1) Hides the identities of individuals, even from themselves 2) Concept of John Rawls 3) Used to get self-interested people to produce a fair social contract 4) Logic forces a vote for what is fair for everyone

All of the above

Statistical correlation: 1. All the crimes were committed by people who ate meat. Eating meat causes criminal behavior. 2. Don't listen to what she says about studying; it's been years since she took a class. 3. First you'll stop studying, then you'll fail your class, next thing you'll know you'll end up in jail. 4. Everyone agrees sharks are dangerous and should be destroyed. 5. I already ate five cookies, so one more isn't going to hurt.

All the crimes were committed by people who ate meat. Eating meat causes criminal behavior.

What is the ethical concept at the heart of Carol Gilligan's theory? Question options: 1) Trustworthiness 2) Honesty 3) Justice 4) Integrity 5) Caring

Caring

In the context of the chapter, what does the yellow traffic light symbolize? Question options: 1) Stop when you face an ethical issue. 2) Caution is necessary when you are confronted with an ethical issue. 3) Go forward with your gut instincts when facing an ethical issue.

Caution is necessary when you are confronted with an ethical issue.

When we find ourselves in a situation in which our personal desires are at odds with our professional responsibilities, this is what type of ethical issue? 1) Lack of Work Ethic 2) Prejudice 3) Conflict of Interest

Conflict of Interest

This theory bases morality on the results and outcomes of behaviors. Actions with good consequences are seen as morally good; actions with bad consequences are considered morally bad. Question options: 1) Rule Utility 2) Egoism 3) Act Utility 4) Consequentialism

Consequentialism

According to Thomas Aquinas' Natural Law Theory, which of the following is NOT a universal human value? Question options: 1) Consideration of one's own interests 2) Human reproduction 3) Promoting children's welfare 4) Avoidance of ignorance 5) Knowledge 6) Caring for children 7) Health 8) Human life

Consideration of one's own interests

Which approach says that the right action in any situation is whatever is in an individual's, long-term best interests? Question options: 1) Consequentialism 2) Rule Utilitarinism 3) Egoism 4) Act Utilitarianism

Egoism

Refers to the employer's obligation to provide and maintain a safe and healthy work environment. Employees also have obligations to work safely and to protect themselves and their co-workers from harm. Question options: 1) Employee Welfare 2) Employee Integrity 3) All of the above 4) Employee Dignity

Employee Welfare

Refers to the employer's moral obligation to respect the humanity of its individual employees by avoiding abusive or degrading treatment including physical or psychological harassment, and to honor the personhood of each employee. Question options: 1) Employee Integrity 2) All of the above 3) Employee Welfare 4) Employee Dignity

Employee dignity

Guidelines of ethical behavior: 1. Ethical Principles 2. Values 3. Virtues 4. Ethical Issues

Ethical Principles

False appeal to popularity: 1. All the crimes were committed by people who ate meat. Eating meat causes criminal behavior. 2. Don't listen to what she says about studying; it's been years since she took a class. 3. First you'll stop studying, then you'll fail your class, next thing you'll know you'll end up in jail. 4. Everyone agrees sharks are dangerous and should be destroyed. 5. I already ate five cookies, so one more isn't going to hurt.

Everyone agrees sharks are dangerous and should be destroyed.

Match the following Respect-for-persons Universality Natural rights Contractarianism Deontology 1. Immanuel Kant 2. John Locke 3. John Rawls

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The two opposing forces that "govern all personal growth" are (select all that apply): Question options: 1) inner conflict 2) fear of change 3) passion 4) hatred 5) boredom

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Match the duties of sound governance: Official telling of the whole truth to an appropriate authority The quality of character that recognizes compromises and does not hesitate to act on a balance of idealism and realism The wise management of resources for the benefit of the whole, including virtues of foresight and frugality 1. Truth Telling 2. Courage of Conscience 3. Prudence

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Match the following: Happiness; being well and living well Every kind of thing in existence has some specific purpose or function Aristotle's definition of virtues as being perfectly balanced points of moderation between opposing, undesirable extremes 1. Eudaimonia 2. Teleology 3. Golden Mean

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Which of the following describes nonconsequential ethical theories? Check all that apply: Question options: 1) Consider the consequence of actions as secondary or irrelevant in determining whether those actions were ethical or unethical 2) Actions are seen as inherently good or bad, regardless of the outcomes that follow 3) Focus on characteristics such as religious commandments, ethical duties, individual rights, etc. 4) Base moral judgments on the results or outcomes of actions or rules

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Match the following: Maintained that there are many specific virtues categorized as either moral virtues or intellectual virtues Determined that morally mature people tend to have four classical virtues: self-control, courage, wisdom, and justice Considered to be the father of moral philosophy Opened a school of philosophy called the Lyceum Established a school in Athens called the Academy 1. Aristotle 2. Socrates 3. Plato

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Match the description to its level: Basic Level Theoretical Level Currently Attainable Level Practical Level 1. Represents behavior within the letter of the law. 2. Represents the behavior normally exhibited by individuals. 3. Represents behavior which can be achieved the majority of the time through diligent effort. 4. Represents the ethical ideal, virtually impossible to consistently attain.

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Match the following software classifications: Shareware Commercial software Public Domain Freeware 1. Must purchase, tight restrictions 2. Free, but must purchase once it is adopted 3. Free, modifications encouraged, but not for-profit 4. Copyright relinquished, modifications permitted, no restrictions

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Match the following views of environmental ethics with statements likely to be made by someone subscribing to that particular view. "We need to protect the environment because we humans are directly affected by air and water quality." "We humans are interconnected with the natural environment, and so in recognizing our interdependence, we must also recognize our obligation to our world." "Every living creature, great and small, deserves our respect and protection." "As higher beings, we humans have the responsibility to protect the Earth and all its living things." "People and other living creatures are only part of the world. Without healthy ecosystems none can exist." 1. Biocentrism and Respect for Life 2. Humanistic Ethic 3. Humans, Animals, and a Land Ethic 4. Deep Ecology 5. Naturalistic Ethic

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Which is NOT one of the factors Jeremy Bentham maintained must be considered when evaluating the net utility of an action? Question options: 1) Intensity 2) Duration 3) Reason

Reason

A code of ethics is the same thing as a moral code. Question options: 1) True 2) False

False

All hacking is unethical or illegal. Question options: 1) True 2) False

False

Corporate codes of ethics are written by government officials. Question options: 1) True 2) False

False

Requires companies with more than 50 employees to grant unpaid leaves of absence of up to six months for the care of new babies, sick children or elderly parents. Question options: 1) OSHA 2) Sarbanes Oxley 3) EEOC 4) Family Leave Act

Family leave act

Slippery slope: 1. All the crimes were committed by people who ate meat. Eating meat causes criminal behavior. 2. Don't listen to what she says about studying; it's been years since she took a class. 3. First you'll stop studying, then you'll fail your class, next thing you'll know you'll end up in jail. 4. Everyone agrees sharks are dangerous and should be destroyed. 5. I already ate five cookies, so one more isn't going to hurt.

First you'll stop studying, then you'll fail your class, next thing you'll know you'll end up in jail.

Kim has learned that a group of students in her algebra class has a scheme to cheat on the final exam. They are pressuring her to join them. Kim reasons, "I'm joining the group! This is my last class before graduation, and I'm not going to let some stupid algebra test mess up my transfer to Florida State. The school may say that cheating is wrong, but I'm here to take care of myself and my interests. That's all that really matters." What stage or step would that be? Question options: 1) Kohlberg Stage 4 2) Gilligan Step 1 3) Kohlberg Stage 3 4) Kohlberg Stage 5 or 6 5) Gilligan Step 3

Gilligan step 1

Which of the following is NOT an ethical issue relating to the natural environment. Question options: 1) Human rights 2) Climate change 3) Clean energy sources 4) Pollution 5) Endangered species

Human rights

Two wrongs make a right: 1. All the crimes were committed by people who ate meat. Eating meat causes criminal behavior. 2. Don't listen to what she says about studying; it's been years since she took a class. 3. First you'll stop studying, then you'll fail your class, next thing you'll know you'll end up in jail. 4. Everyone agrees sharks are dangerous and should be destroyed. 5. I already ate five cookies, so one more isn't going to hurt.

I already ate five cookies, so one more isn't going to hurt.

"The Clearwater Campus has free parking; the St. Petersburg/Gibbs Campus has free parking; the Tarpon Springs Campus has free parking. Therefore, all (or most) St. Petersburg College campuses have free parking." is an example of which type of argument? Question options: 1) Deductive argument 2) Inductive argument

Inductive argument

Fill in the conclusion for the following: General principle: Students must do their own work. Nonmoral statement: The paper you submitted was copied from a website. Conclusion: Question options: 1) Paper mill websites make cheating seem normal. 2) It was wrong of you to submit someone else's work. 3) You plagiarized someone.

It was wrong of you to submit someone else's work.

Which of the following is an example of relativism? Question options: 1) Killing is always wrong 2) Killing is against the law 3) Killing can be justified in self defense

Killing can be justified in self defense

Which of the following is an example of absolutism? Question options: 1) Killing can be justified in self defense 2) Killing is always wrong 3) Killing is against the law

Killing is always wrong

Kim has learned that a group of students in her algebra class has a scheme to cheat on the final exam. They are pressuring her to join them. Kim reasons, "It's not so much that I'm afraid of being punished, but rules are rules. Imagine what it would be like around here if everyone cheated on exams! Grades wouldn't mean anything; diplomas would be worthless. I won't allow them to mess up a great school. I'll turn them in if I have to." What stage or step would that be? Question options: 1) Kohlberg Stage 5 or 6 2) Kohlberg Stage 1 3) Gilligan Step 1 4) Gilligan Step 3 5) Kohlberg Stage 4

Kohlberg Stage 4

Requires all publicly held companies to establish and maintain internal audit departments. Question options: 1) Family Leave Act 2) OSHA 3) Sarbanes Oxley 4) EEOC

Sarbanes Oxley

Determining what is right based upon the momentary context is called: Question options: 1) Situational Ethics 2) Critical Thinking 3) Knee-Jerk Reaction

Situational Ethics

Kim has learned that a group of students in her algebra class has a scheme to cheat on the final exam. They are pressuring her to join them. Kim reasons, "I don't believe in cheating it goes against my values. However, I don't have a lot of friends in school and if I don't cheat I may lose these friends. I don't want to cheat. I don't even need to cheat, but they will think I am afraid if I do not take a copy of the answers. I know! I'll take a copy of the answers but I just won't use them. My friends will never know the difference." What stage of Kohlberg would that be? Question options: 1) Stage 2 2) Stage 3 3) Stage 4 4) Stage 5/6

Stage 3

One of the most influential and articulate modern defenders of egoism is: Question options: 1) Nietzsche 2) Rand 3) Smith

Nietzsche

The avoidance of prejudiced treatment of applicants and workers. A group of laws prohibiting unfair treatment of applicants or employees on the basis of race, gender, color, religion, national origin, age or disability. Question options: 1) Prejudice 2) Discrimination 3) Affirmative Action 4) Nondiscrimination

Nondiscrimination

Why begin the study of ethics with learning about Plato and Aristotle? Question options: 1) They lived long ago and were very wise men 2) They emphasized reason and logic as keys to answering moral questions 3) Their teacher-student relationship provides a model for learning

They emphasized reason and logic as keys to answering moral questions

What is meant by the concept of the "golden mean"? Question options: 1) Achieving moral character 2) An important moral quality 3) To achieve balance between extremes

To achieve balance between extremes

What is the purpose of logic and arguments in ethics? Question options: 1) To find truth 2) To use emotion to prove a point 3) To win arguments

To find truth

According to John Locke, almost all rights are negative. Question options: 1) True 2) False

True

Many problems of social media are due to the anonymity of the Internet. Question options: 1) True 2) False

True

Professional codes of ethics are often crafted (authored) by members of the body of professionals who are bound by the code. Question options: 1) True 2) False

True

Question of moral right or wrong: 1. Ethical Principles 2. Values 3. Virtues 4. Ethical Issues

Ethical Issues

What is the primary focus of the Natural Rights Theory of ethics? Question options: 1) God 2) Human nature 3) Human rights 4) Duty

Human rights

Which is NOT a part of an argument? Question options: 1) Structure 2) Conclusion 3) Laws 4) Premises

Laws

When might an egoist believe that it was morally right to sacrifice his own needs and desires for someone else? Question options: 1) If he really loved them, because egoists believe that love is a higher value than self-interest. 2) Always, because egoists believe that doing good for others is more important than self-interest. 3) Only when it's God's will, because egoists believe that God's will supercedes self-interest. 4) Only when it's in his own best-interests to do so, meaning when the reward will outweigh the sacrifice. 5) Never, ever.

Only when it's in his own best-interests to do so, meaning when the reward will outweigh the sacrifice.

Western philosophical ethics was founded by (check all that apply): Question options: 1) Nichomachus 2) Plato 3) Aristotle 4) Alexander the Great 5) Socrates

Plato, Aristotle, Socrates

Parents owe their children certain things - food, shelter, clothing, affection - which is an example of: Question options: 1) Equality rights 2) Negative rights 3) Welfare rights 4) Positive rights

Positive rights

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations is: Question options: 1) Future 2) Sustainable 3) Generational 4) Smart 5) Prudent

Sustainable

What is considered important : 1. Ethical Principles 2. Values 3. Virtues 4. Ethical Issues

Values

Character traits that make up a moral life: 1. Ethical Principles 2. Values 3. Virtues 4. Ethical Issues

Virtues

Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of an effective professional Code of Ethics? Check all that apply: Question options: 1) Enforceable and policed 2) Regulative 3) Revised periodically 4) Specific and honest

all of the above