Euro 14
A small, maneuverable, three-mast sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
Caravel
The global transfer of people, animals, plants, diseases, ideas, etc. between the Old and New worlds
Columbian Exchange
The individual who conquered the Aztec and later the Mayan civilizations in Central America beginning in 1519; this individual set the stage for the treatment of natives and other indigenous peoples conquered by Europeans
Cortez
The first European nation to lead in the Age of Exploration down the west coast of Africa
Portugal
The Portuguese slave trade described in the passage led most directly to which of the following?
The establishment of a European-dominated system of plantation agriculture
According to Diamond's argument, the most important factor for the success of European colonization of the Americas lay in
the biological and environmental advantages held by Europeans.
Which of the following characterizes the role of Europe in the system of world trade prior to the voyage of Columbus?
Europe was a minor outpost that produced few products desired by other civilizations.
The Fates of Human Societies, 1997 Which of the following was a consequence of the Columbian exchange referenced by Diamond?
Europeans' expansion of the African slave trade
What development facilitated the subjugation and destruction of these indigenous peoples?
Granting encomiendas to reward conquistadors for services rendered to the crown.
"[E]veryone gives the title of barbarism to everything that is not according to his usage." How did Michel de Montaigne offer a counterpoint, expressed in the quote above, to Europe's growing imperial activities?
He rejected the notion that one culture is superior to another.
Individual who led the funding and support for early navigation down the west coast of Africa; a Portuguese prince
Henry the Navigator
The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak from 1438 until 1532
Inca
were active in Japan and China in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, until authorities banned their teachings.
Jesuit missionaries
How did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history?
Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end
The name of a series of treaties that concluded the Thirty Years' War in 1648 and marked the end of large-scale religious violence in Europe
Peace of Westphalia
Put the following in order from earliest to most recent.
Selected:Marco Polo travels to ChinaThis answer is correct. 2. Selected:Columbus lands in the AmericasThis answer is correct. 3. Selected:Magellan's expedition circumnavigates the worldThis answer is correct. 4. Selected:Dutch East India Company is establishe
The second European country to dominate in the Age of Exploration, which focused more on setting up colonies in the "New World"
Spain
The main cash crop that would ultimately lead to African slavery; also the most profitable crop
Sugar
The European voyages of the fifteenth century were derived from a desire to share in the wealth of the
The Indian Ocean Trade
The licensing of trade described in the passage is an example of which of the following state policies?
The implementation of mercantilism to promote the state's economic interests.
Based on the image and your knowledge what was the most likely result of the scene presented in the image above?
The involuntary submission of indigenous people to Spanish conquistadors.
"Within a few days after our departure from every such town, the people began to die
The spread of European disease among Native Americans
(Evaluating the Evidence 14.2) refers to what effect of European colonization?
The spread of European disease among Native Americans
The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything to the west of an imaginary line known as the "Line of Demarcation", drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east
Treaty of Tordesillas
The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
Viceroyalties
Christopher Columbus, Journal of the First Voyage of Columbus, 1492-93 Which of the following motivations for fifteenth-century exploration is best reflected in the above excerpt?
commercial and religious considerations
Spanish missionary who was involved in the colonization of the Americas, but later criticized the treatment of Natives by the Spanish; he wrote letters to the Spanish crown urging human rights for the Native Americans
de las Casas
Other European states reacted to the Portuguese establishment of trading-post empire by
developing rival colonies and overseas trading networks.
The event that most likely led to the process seen above was the
exploration of overseas territories by the Europeans.
The Fates of Human Societies, 1997 Exploration and colonization of the New World in the sixteenth century impacted the European balance of power by
increasing the power of Spain and Portugal
The long-term economic effect in Europe of the establishment of trading networks and colonies such as the one described in the passage was
shift in the center of economic power from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic states.
- Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, 1997 According to Diamond's argument, the most important factor for the success of European colonization of the Americas lay in
the biological and environmental advantages held by Europeans.
The following is an excerpt from Columbus's description of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (Evaluating the Evidence 14.1):
the economic potential of the lands Columbus explored.
In the seventeenth century, the Dutch East India Company
took over much of the East Indies from Portugal.
