Euro- Chapter 29
What action did Kruschev taken in 1961 in Berlin?
Ordered Eastern Germans to build a wall between E & W Berlin, sealing off W Berlin in violation of existing agreements between the Great Powers
Who is Boris Pasternak?
Poet that wrote Doctor Zhivago (reject violence and brutality)
What were the Cold War ramification of the consumer revolution?
Politicians in E/W claimed that their respective systems could best provide citizens with ample consumer goods (Capitalism vs. Communism)
What is "Big Science"?
Scientific research thats expensive and involves large teams of scientists that tackles difficult problems
At the Yalta conference who held the strongest position and why?
Stalin had occupied Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, part of Yugoslavia, Czech, and is 100 miles away from Berlin
Who were the Big three at the Teheran Conference?
Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill
How was collectivization different in Poland?
Stalinist regime tolerated the existence of private agriculture, hoping to maintain stability in the large & potentially rebellious country
What happened when the Britis decided to leave Palestine?
UNN voted to divide territory into two states (Jew and Arab)
On June 1948, how did the Western allies violate the peace accords? How did the Soviets retaliate?
W. allies replaced the currency in W. Germany/Berlin -Stalin: Berlin blockade (blocked all traffic through the Soviet zone of Germany to Berlin
Who is Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Wrote One Day in the Life of Denisovich (shows Stalin's concentration camps)
What communist leader/country was able to remain somewhat independent from soviet domination?
Josip Tito- Yugoslavia (No SU army needed, defeated Nazis alone)
What action did Kruschev take in Cuba?
Kruschev sent missiles with nuclear war heads to be installed in Fidel's communist Cuba
Who became the Soviet leader after Kruschev? How did he change the policy of Kruschev?
Leonid Brezhnev -SU began a period go stagnation and re-Stalinization
What 6 countries that signed the Treaty of Rome in 1957 creating the __________________
-W. Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, & Luxembourg -European Economic Market Community (Common Market)
After WWII what 3 major forces helped women searching for jobs?
1. Economic boom from 1950-1973 created a strong demand for labor 2. Economy continued its gradual shift away from the old male-dominated heavy industries (white collar industries) 3. Young Western women shared fully into the postwar education revolution & could take advantage of the growing need for office workers and well-trained professionals
The Bretton Woods agreement established what 2 things?
1. Linked W. currencies with the US dollar 2. Established the International Monetary Fund & World Bank (facilitate free market and world trade)
What 3 demands were made by non-Western people in decolonization?
1. National self-determination 2. Racial equality 3. Pursuit of personal dignity
What were 2 goals of the European Economic Market Community?
1. Reduction of tariffs among 6 to create a single market as large as the US' 2. Free movement of capital and labor and economic policies and institutions *Similar to German Zollverein
In 1959, what were 2 actions taken by French President DeGaulle?
1. Withdraw all French military from American controlled NATO 2. Developed France's own nuclear weapons 3. Vetoed scheduled advent of majority rule within Common Market
What Cold War event happened in 1953?
Beginning of the Korean War
What happened in the Belgian Congo in 1960?
Belgians agreed that the Congo would be independent
Identify: Monhandas Gandhi
British lawyer that built a mass movement preaching nonviolent cooperation with the British -Aided India in gaining independence
Who coined the term "Iron Curtain"?
Churchill
On May 1945, what action did Truman take against the Soviet Union?
Cut off all the aid to the SU
How did Kruschev change Soviet foreign policy?
De-Stalinized foreign policy -Believed in peaceful coexistence with capitalism, possible and great wars are inevitable
During the Cold War, over what areas did the Christian Democrats rule?
France W. Germany
At Potsdam, what did Stalin and Truman disagree with?
Free elections throughout Europe -If elected the government would be anti-Soviet -Stalin wanted the Soviet government to be made up of Social Democrats and leftists
Describe the Algerian War
French army attacked Muslims and their supporters were tortured -General Daulle accepted Algerian self-determination
What agreements were made at the Yalta concerning Germany, Poland, and Eastern Europe?
Germany- each victorious power would occupy a separate zone of Germany; would pay reparations to SU Poland- SU would incorporate East Polish territories its army had occupied; would be compensated with Western German lands E. Europe- government would be freely elected, but pro-Russian
What did Kruschev agree to about Austria?
Grant their independence (neutrality)
Identify: Ho Chi Minh
Guerrilla leader that defeated the French in the Indochina war with support of SU and China
Descrive the Nuremburg Trials
International military tribunal organized by the 4 Allied Powers (US, GB, SU, France) tried and sentenced the highest ranking Nazi military and civilian leaders who survived
Identigy: Mao Zedung
-Head of Chinese communists during Chinese Civil War -United China into a centralized states w/ 5 year plan of industry
What happened to Hungary in 1956?
-Nagy (liberal communist reformer- PM) led people of Budapest to rebel -Russia send tanks and crushed the rebellion -Nagy was executed
What were the European Coal and Steel Community? What countries belonged?
-Special international organization to control and integrate all European steel and coal production -Included: W. Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, & Luxembourg *Beginning of European Union/Economic community
What was Comenform?
(Communist Info. Bureau) International organization dedicated to maintaining Russian control over Communist parties abroad (W/E Europe)
