Europe Exam 1 - Comer

What two cities are major centers of European Union (EU) administration and of the EU parliament?

Brussels and Strasbourg

In central and western Europe, after World War II many towns were developed on the outskirts of the historic city centers (e.g. London, Paris). These are known as:

New Towns

In 1800, how many European countries had urban majorities?

None

Where is environmental activism the strongest in Europe?

Northwest Europe

What empire controlled much of the Mediterranean in the 1800s?

Ottoman

All of the following rivers in Europe are heavily used for navigation except:

Po

Which of the following was not an original signatory to the Treaty of Rome in 1957 establishing the European Economic Community (EEC)?

United Kingdom

Which of the following is not a major Indo-European language family in Europe?

Uralic

What was the main urban planning issue in Western Europe in the 1950s and 1960s?

addressing traffic congestion brought on by the economic recovery after World War II

When did carbon dioxide levels most recently drop in Europe?

after the Black Death reduced populations in the 1340s

Compared to Western Europe, Eastern European countries tend to earn relatively high percentages of their GDP from what activity?

agriculture

What sort of protections does the European Union provide today?

all of these are correct

What industry is used in the textbook to demonstrate the concept of economic "drive to maturity"?

automobiles

What is the most abundant greenhouse gas, which has been increasing since the Industrial Revolution?

carbon dioxide

All of the following statements about Central Place Theory are correct except:

circular market areas are preferred

The 2016 Paris Accord was formed to combat what issue:

climate change

Muslim migrants to Europe from former colonies have tended to:

cluster in poorer sectors of the cities, and not assimilate

What natural resource was the predominant source for both industrial steam power and of heating homes in the 1800s?

coal

After the invention of the steam engine, manufacturing tended to cluster in what locations?

coal fields

Why did most coal fields become industrial centers in the 1800s?

coal is heavy, dirty, bulky, and difficult to move

Where did the Industrial Revolution first develop in Europe in the late 1700s?

coalfields of Britain

Weather in Europe is highly variable because:

competing tropical and polar air masses are constantly colliding

What grain crop was not historically grown in Europe but became an important one after the Columbian Exchange?

corn

All of the following are notable environmental issues in Europe except:

deforestation of tropical rainforests

The Hanseatic League formed in northern Europe in the 13th century in order to:

develop common trade rules

In Holland (the Netherlands), New Towns have largely been built:

on reclaimed land called "polders" in the Zuider Zee

The process of specialized agricultural regions supplying distant markets started in the second half of the 19th century because of:

railroads

What were some of the major accomplishments of the Maastricht Treaty of 1993?

renaming the EEC to the European Union and creating the Euro

What caused the Protestant Reformation in northern Europe?

resentment of the materialism and excesses of the Catholic Church

What energy source quickly became the norm in European factories in the 1800s?

steam power

All of the following were common features of the Socialist Cities built after World War II except:

subdivisions with single-family homes

What distinguished the Mediterranean climate from the rest of Europe?

summers are hot, sunny and dry, winters are mild and moist

Universities and parochial schools were founded across Europe by:

the Church

What early European civilization controlled routes in the Mediterranean and Black Seas around 600 B.C.?

the Greeks

What notable area in Europe was under Arab (Moorish) control until 1492?

the Iberian Peninsula

What term did Winston Churchill use to describe the fall of Eastern Europe to the control of the Soviet Union, in 1946?

the Iron Curtain

Starting in 1948, the United States provided billions of dollars in aid to western Europe to help rebuild after World War II. This was known as:

the Marshall Plan

What early European civilization controlled trade around the Mediterranean area by the 8th century B.C.?

the Phoenicians

What early European civilization provided most European languages with the beginnings of our modern Latin alphabet?

the Phoenicians

What European civilization reached its maximum extent around 120 A.D. and controlled most of Europe south and west of Germania?

the Romans

What was the primary impetus for the rapid expansion of the European Union (EU) after 1993?

the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the fall of the Iron Curtain

What was the primary impetus that directly led to the formation of the European Economic Community (EEC)?

the devastation of World War II and the desire to prevent future such wars

What event set in motion the eventual schism between the Roman Church (Catholicism) and the Eastern Orthodox Church?

the division of the Roman Empire between Rome and Constantinople

What was the primary motivation for the formation of the European Economic Community (EEC)?

the free movement of goods, labor, and capital

Why have Pakistani migrants to the United Kingdom fared worse than Indian migrants?

they were less well educated and spoke Urdu

In the United States, increasing farm size has led to farmhouse abandonment and small town decline. In Europe,

this has not happened; villagers commute to work in cities and many farmhouses have been renovated as second homes

What vegetation regime occurs in the farthest northern portions of Europe?

tundra

What is the likelihood of the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA, now the US-Mexico-Canada Trade Agreement) merging into one super-organization?

very slim -- they are too different politically and economically

In the 16th century, the most substantial modifications made to the old towns of Europe were:

walls and fortifications

In the United States, suburbanization was quite rapid, rarely well-planned, and resulted in the decay and emptying of the central city. In Europe, suburbanization:

was slower, more planned, and did not harm the central core

In the earliest stages of the Industrial Revolution, what was the primary energy source?

water power

What accounts for the mild, moist climate of western Europe?

westerly winds and nearby ocean currents

Of the issues cited on the first page of the textbook, which is most likely to have far-reaching economic and political consequences for the European Union (EU)?

Britain wants to leave the EU (Brexit)

Monarchs in the 17th century wanted cities to reflect the grandeur of their presence and their divine right to rule. Space was made for parade grounds, plazas, triumphal archways, gardens, and statues in a style known as:

Absolutism

What best describes the economic status of Europe today?

Age of High Mass Consumption

Which of the following is an Indo-European language?

Albanian

In the 800s AD, new crops like citrus fruits, cotton, Asiatic rice, banana, watermelon, spinach, sorghum, aubergine, and sugar cane started to be grown in Spain and Sicily. What was the cause of this?

Arab invasions of these regions starting in the 700s AD

Which economic organization is considered the origin of the European community?

Benelux customs union

At least 25% of the population in Europe died in the mid-14th century due to:

Black Death (plague)

What are Europe's oldest mountain ranges?

Caledonian Mountains of Scandinavia and the British Isles

Which of the following, general language-region associations in Europe is incorrect:?

Celtic in the east

Which area of Europe was best endowed with coal and iron?

Central and Western Europe

In the 1500s AD, new crops like tomatoes, beans, squashes, potatoes, maize (corn), and avocadoes started to be grown throughout Europe. What was the cause of this?

Columbian Exchange

Which of the following is not a Celtic language?

English

When it decided to stay out of the European Economic Community (EEC) in the 1950s, the United Kingdom created what competing organization in 1960?

European Free Trade Agreement (EFTA)

Which of the following is not an example of environmental concerns in Europe?

France wants to export more croissants

What country became a leader in technological innovations in industry and in higher education in the 1800s in Europe?

Germany

The European Coal and Steel Community came in 1951 about largely to reduce competition and conflict between which two countries over Ruhr Valley coal and steel?

Germany and France

Which of the following is not a Romance language derived from early Latin?

Greek

Europe today is becoming very multicultural due to immigration from former colonies, which has led to tension and conflict. Which of the following is not a significant source of multicultural influence in Europe today?

Hippie communities in Denmark

What caused most of the environmental damage in Europe over the past 300 years?

Industrial Revolution

Which of the following, general religion-region associations in Europe is incorrect:?

Islam in the British Isles

Who is considered the "framer" of the European community (the European Economic Community that because the European Union)?

Jean Monnet

Which of the following is not a major plains region of Europe:

Massif Central

The network of towns and roads in western and central Europe were mostly built by the:

Romans

Which of the following was not part of the first enlargement of the European Economic Community (EEC), from six to nine members, in 1973?

Russia

Other than military incursions, what is the biggest concern Europe has today concerning Russia?

Russia can (and has) cut off energy supplies to Europe to retaliate

What area of Europe was completely covered by glaciers during the last Ice Age?

Scandinavia

All of the following are notable religious minorities in Europe except:

Shintoists

When were environmental issues first addressed in the European community?

Single European Act (1985)

What event, more than any other, brought France and Germany together as economic allies versus the more aloof British government?

Suez Canal Crisis of 1956

What vegetation type grows in the Mediterranean area of Europe?

evergreen broadleaf and deciduous woodland

Western European cities have pursued all of the following measures to reduce traffic congestion except:

expanding the number of free parking places

While most forms of sharing resources have been successful under the EU, which one has not succeeded and in fact is part of the reason Iceland and Norway are not members?

fish

After World War II, the majority of migrants into European cities have come from:

former colonies in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and the Caribbean

In von Thunen's agricultural land use model, which crops are grown closest to the center of the market town?

fruits, vegetables, and dairy

As one travels from west to east across Europe, the climate:

gets colder and drier

By the 1980s, what had become the main outcome of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union?

huge surpluses, high levels of subsidies, and yet still-high food prices

When did the single largest expansion of the European Union (EU) occur?

in 2004, when 10 mostly Eastern European countries joined

What caused the relative decrease in the importance of agriculture in Europe in the 1800s?

increase of industrialization

Which of the following did not result from the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)?

increased fishing stocks in the Atlantic Ocean

In the 19th century, what stimulated a rapid rise in urbanism in Europe?

industrialization

What is notable about the Mediterranean climate?

it has long, hot, dry summers and wet winters

What activity most contributes to the increase of methane in the atmosphere?

livestock raising

Which cultural traits in Europe are hard to connect to a specific source area?

modern democracies from the ancient Greeks

What was the main outcome of the Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union (EU)?

modernized fishing fleets depleted fishing stocks in the Atlantic and North Seas

All of the following were notable Roman construction projects except:

mosques and synagogues

While small towns have generally survived and grown in Europe since World War II, all of the following things have happened to smaller towns except:

most residents have returned to farming to make a living

What is the purpose of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, which formed in 1949?

mutual self-defense among western Europe against the Soviet Union to the east

What is the difference between a nucleated and a dispersed rural settlement in Europe?

nucleated settlements have a small cluster of building providing a few services; dispersed settlements do not