European History Test 2
What were the two main reasons Germans disliked the Weimar Republic? (Test 2)
1. Born out of the ashes of defeat by the victors 2. Responsible for signing the hated Treaty of Versailles
When President Hindenberg dies, what 2 major things does Hitler do to ultimately gain total control over Germany? (Test 2)
1. Combines head of government and state making him the supreme leader 2. Has the military swear personal loyalty to him
What were the 2 main parties that made up the Reichstag? (Test 2)
1. Communists 2. National Socialists / Nazis
What was the 4D's policy that the Americans wanted to establish in post-Nazi Germany? (Test 2)
1. Demilitarization 2. Democratization 3. Decartelization 4. De-Nazification
The Weimar Republic did not help itself out when it came to gaining public approval. What 3 things did they do that made them more unfavorable than they already were (Test 2)
1. Didn't break up the mass of cartels that were jacking up economic prices 2. Same people from Kaiser government stayed in power of Republic 3. Made no effort to form a loyal republican army
What did the Treaty of Versailles do to Germany? (5) (Test 2)
1. Dismantled their military down to 100,000 volunteers 2. Allowed Allied powers to occupy the west side of the Rhine river for 15 years 3. France gets back Alsace and Lorraine from Germany 4. Permanent demilitarization of a large portion of the Rhineland, 5. Made Germany pay for the main damages of the war.
What were the 5 stages of the Russian Revolution in order? (Test 2)
1. February and October Revolution of 1917 2. Civil War 3. NEP (New Economic Policy) 4. Stalin's revolution from above 5. The Great Purges
What are Hitler's 4 main world views that he writes about in Mein Kampf while in prison for his part in the Beer Hall Putsch? (Test 2)
1. Geopolitics 2. Biological Racism 3. Anti-Semitism 4. Social Darwinism
1. To deal with the struggling Russian economy crated as a result of WWI, Lenin created the _______ 2. What did this do? (Test 2)
1. New Economic Policy / NEP 2. While the government controlled most industries, this allowed agricultural jobs and retail jobs to be privatized and not be subject to government intrusion
Besides the fact that Stalin was paranoid to begin with, what events around the world were happening that made Stalin feel that Russia was in danger? (3) (Test 2)
1. Rise of the Hitler and the Nazis 2. Mussolini promising the creation of a "New Roman Empire" 3. Military government in Japan invading and taking over land in China and other surrounding Asian nations
1. Whom did Britain, France, USA support during the Civil war between the Reds and the Whites in Russia? 2. Why? (Test 2)
1. The Whites 2. They wanted Russia to stay in the war
Why did the Americans decide to let the Soviets take Berlin? (2) (Test 2)
1. They knew the fighting in Berlin would be intense and deadly 2. Russia had suffered the most loss from the war
Why did many nations give Mussolini positive press? (3) (Test 2)
1. They thought his new and vibrant style would help make Italy a great power again 2. He resolved the conflict between the Catholic Church and the Italian Government 3. His fascist government weathered the great depression well
1. What was attractive about the fascists in Italy? 2. What wasn't? (Test 2)
1. They were young and vibrant and had new ideas 2. They were violent and would physically fight other dragons
Why did the Gas chambers come about (2)? (Test 2)
1. To make it easier on the killers to do what they were doing 2. To make the killing process more quick and efficient
When the Soviets occupied Berlin, it's estimated soldiers raped ___________ German women (Test 2)
12 million
When did Italy become a fascist government? (Test 2)
1925
During 1938, ______% of German Jews migrated (Test 2)
25%
What did some fascists do in response to Mussolini's conciliatory attitude to the murder of moderate deputy Giacomo Matteoili? (Test 2)
33 fascist militants confronted Mussolini demanding that he make a choice to radicalize the government towards fascism
The Great Purge of 1937-1938 involved a purge in which _____% of the 2,000 delegates of the Communist Party were shot over the next two years (Test 2)
50%
What is a gulag? (Test 2)
A forced labor camp
A. Who plays a big role in the French Resistance forces in Nazi-Occupied France? B. Why? (Test 2)
A. French Communists B. The Nazis were targeting the communists and the communists were very nationalistic
A. What is the reason that Britatin and France don't immediately go to war when the Nazis invade Poland?(2) B. What does France specifically do in response? (Test 2)
A: 1. France doesn't want it fought on French land 2. They are focused on a defensive strategy B: They build the Maginot Line. A series of defenses along the French border with Germany
What's the Locarno Treaty, typically known as the "Spirit of Locarno"? (Test 2)
Agreement created by Aristide Briand and Prime Minister Stresseman of the Weimar Republic that said Alsace-Lorainz would be given back to France by Germany and that Western powers wouldn't send troops into the Rhineland
Who was Giacomo Matteoili? (Test 2)
An Italian moderate deputy who was murdered by fascists after he gave a speech denouncing fascism and fascist violence
Britain began focusing on what industry after World War 2 (Test 2)
Aviation
Why was Hitler much more brutal and genocidal when fighting on the eastern front? (Test 2)
Because the Soviet territories were full of slavs and
How did many Germans resist Hitler and the Nazis in the early years of Nazi Germany? (Test 2)
By not participating in Nazi activities
In April 1917, Lenin lays out the April Theses. What is the April Theses? (Test 2)
Calls for a complete break from Russia's provisional government and end to Russia's involvement in WWI
The bolsheviks in response to their inability to be elected to seats in the new social government changed their name to _________, and 3 years after the 1917 revolution, the party takes power in Russia (Test 2)
Communists
One of the largest changes the fascists brought to Italy was _____________, which organized Italian society by major interest groups, or corporate groups, such as agricultural, business, ethnic, labour, military, patronage, or scientific affiliations, on the basis of common interests. (Test 2)
Corporatism
What does "soviet" mean? (Test 2)
Council
How did the fascist Italian government eliminate labor strikes? (Test 2)
Created a system of labor judges to deal with labor disputes
How did Hitler and the Nazis try to eliminate the distance between the personal sphere and the public sphere in Nazi Germany? (Test 2)
Creation of many community groups like the Hitler Youth
Who leads the French forces back into France with the Americans? (Test 2)
De Gaulle
There was much domestic support for Italy to join the Second World War. True or False (Test 2)
FALSE.
Italian socialists supported World War I. True or False (Test 2)
False, Italian socialists did not support the war
Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania all joined the Axis powers during WW2 without domestic resistance. True or False. (Test 2)
False, all joined without domestic resistance EXCEPT for Yugoslavia in which their was a coup de tat and a pro-allied government took control until Hitler took back Yugoslavia in 1941
Why were people in Russia on constant vigilance and devoted to silence in Stalin's Russia? (Test 2)
Fear of being sent to Gulags or to show trials
Who became the facist ruler of Spain after the Spanish Civil war from 1936 all the way to his death in 1975? (Test 2)
Francisco Franco
Who is the Nazi general responsible for the attack at Stalingrad? (Test 2)
General Paulos
What was the Gestapo's job? (Test 2)
German Secret Police. Interpreted the will of Hitler when targeting members of specific groups or persons of opposition to Hitler.
What were KVD camps in Nazi Germany? (Test 2)
German camps for children to be re-educated in Nazi Ideology
The Treaty of Versailles was signed between what losing nation and the allies? (Test 2)
Germany
In Mein Kampf, what does Hitler say, in regards to Geopolitics, that Germany must do to become great again? (Test 2)
Germany must get bigger or decline. The mistake Germany made in World War I was that it couldn't decide whether it wanted to expand in Europe or in Africa. The Germans need more Laben Sraum, "Living Space"
In 1940, after conquering Poland, the Nazis begin moving Polish Jews into _____ (Test 2)
Ghettos
When the allies liberated Paris, what happened to French women who were alleged to have affairs with Nazi soldiers? (Test 2)
Had their head shaved
After the murder of Italian moderate deputy Giacomo Matteoili, how did Mussolini respond? (Test 2)
He addressed Parliament and said that he would take full responsibility for all of the actions of the fascist party
What two things does Hitler do between 1935 and 1936 that are complete violations of the Treaty of Versailles? (Test 2)
He begins rearming Germany in 1935 and in 1936 he send German troops into the Rhineland
In Mein Kampf, what did Hitler believe in regards to social Darwinism? Why did this explain why he hated communism? (Test 2)
He believed that those with weaknesses and deformities kept the stronger people from prospering, this is why he hated communism, a system where everyone was equal.
Why did the Soviets like Henry Ford enough to build a statue for him? (Test 2)
He invented the tractor which helped to boost Russia's agricultural production
Why did the Italian fascists get mad at Mussolini? (Test 2)
He made lots of democratic compromises and didn't make many radical change unless pressured by his fascist counterparts
How does Hitler respond to the loss at Stalingrad? (Test 2)
He pretends that it never happened
Why did the Soviets like Frederick Taylor? (Test 2)
He showed how to make work more efficient
In the summer of 1933, Hitler began persuading other parties to dissolve and join the Nazi Party, and if they didn't ______________ (Test 2)
He would outlaw their party
Although Stalin did some really shitty things, he still ranks among the best Russians of all time among the Russian people. Why is this? (Test 2)
His defeat over the Nazis in World War II
Why did Hitler flee Austria during World War I to fight alongside Germany instead? (Test 2)
Hitler didn't want to be part of Austria's multi-ethnic army
What's the Enabling Act? (Test 2)
Hitler gets approval of this act in the Reichstag and it gives him power to govern Germany on his own for the next 4 years without parliamentary or presidential approval
The Blood Purge of June 30, 1934, resulted in _________________ (Test 2)
Hitlers purge of his rival Ernst Rohm and the SA, and the formation of the Nazi SS headed by Heinrich Himmler
What happens when philosophy meets politics (Test 2)
Ideology
How did Mussolini become a more radicalized fascist? (Test 2)
Italian fascists pressured him to be more radical
Why did many Jews stay in Germany even after Hitler took power and passed the Nuremberg Laws? (Test 2)
Jews had their assets taken away and no countries wanted to accept people that had no assets.
Wrote the book "Economic Consequences of Peace" (Test 2)
John Maynard Keynes
If the economy starts struggling, government steps in and in starts spending money. (Test 2)
Keynesean Democracy (John Maynard Keynes)
Who becomes the first chancellor of West Germany? (Test 2)
Konrad Adenauer (Firm anti-Nazi)
After World War 2, Winston Churchill is elected out of office and Clement Attlee of the ______ party is elected to office (Test 2)
Labour
How does Stalin take power? (Test 2)
Lenin has a stroke and Trotsky hears about it and calls Stalin to see if he is needed at the capitol. Stalin said that he had everything under control and when Lenin dies he takes control of power
When the Entent won the war against the Central Powers in World War I, the Entent took over Central Power Colonies and made them into ________ whose purpose was to slowly become sovereign (Test 2)
Mandates
Who is the Soviet General who Stalin calls on to rescue Stalingrad? (Test 2)
Marshall G. Zhukov
__________ becomes a leading proponent of Italian intervention in World War 1 (Test 2)
Mussolini
What did Italy do near the end of World War 2? (Test 2)
Mussolini is captured and hung by it's own people and a new government takes over that switches and takes sides with the allies
What was Mussolini's stance regarding World War I that made him isolated from his socialist counterparts? (Test 2)
Mussolini was concerned with renewal but was also in favor of Italian intervention in the war
In 1955, Germany is given sovereignty and becomes part of __________ (Test 2)
NATO
How does Hitler and the Nazis deal with Maginot line? How quick is France defeated? (Test 2)
On May 1940, Hitler sends troops through the Ardennes Forest, the only place that the Maginot line doesn't cover. France is defeated in 6 weeks
What did Corporatism in Italy do? (Test 2)?
Organized Italian society by major interest groups, or corporate groups on the basis of common interests.
What was the Dawes Plan? (Test 2)
Plan proposed by an American economist to give loans to Germany and lower the amount of reparations Germany had to pay
_________ is the first country in which the extermination of the Jews begins. (Test 2)
Poland
Why was having Poland so important for Russia after World War 2? (Test 2)
Poland had been a prime invasion route into Russia throughout history and if the situation got bad in Germany again, the Soviets wanted to be able to act quickly
Who was Gustave Strasseman and what did he do? (Test 2)
Prominent statesman of the Weimar Republic. Helped lower Germanys inflation crisis, helped lower Germany's reparations from the war by making better relation through the Dawes Plan
The Dawes Plan expires in 1929 and is replaced by the Young Plan. What does the Young Plan do? (Test 2)
Removes ally-placed controls over the German economy and extends time to pay war reparations to 1988
Who were "NEP Men"? (Test 2)
Rich people in Soviet Russia who were tolerated by the government as long as they behaved and bribed the government not to harass them
In an attempt to gain support for his purges Stalin would use propaganda that _______________________________ (Test 2)
Said how "wreckers" were ruining the Utopian Dream, an painted foreigners as trying to intrude on the Russian people
What is one of Himmler's and many other Nazis plans to do with the Jews at first? (Test 2)
Send them all to Madagascar
When do the Nazis invade Poland? (Test 2)
September 1939
What does Margaret Thatcher do when Britain comes to power? (Test 2)
She breaks the labor unions, privatizes government industries, lessens welfare expansion, and advocates the free market
By the end of Stalin's great purges, who was left in control of the country? (Test 2)
Stalin and those loyal to Stalin
When leaders of the Weimar Republic in Germany realized that political parties were becoming dangerous and fighting one another in the streets, how did they respond? (Test 2)
Started to turing to paramilitary groups called Frei Korps. Used them to quell the violence, and especially put down the communists with brutality
After World War 2 ends, Berlin becomes the symbolic center of ___________ (Test 2)
The Cold War
When Strasseman dies in 1929 in Germany, who are the two major parties among the large number of parties vying for power? (Test 2)
The Communists and the Nazis
What is World War II called in Russia? (Test 2)
The Great Patriotic War
This began in Russia when Stalin took power and began to arrest people he perceived as "enemies / wreckers", imprison them in Gulags in Siberia, and even have them executed. (Test 2)
The Great Purges
Why were Nazis forced to end the Euthanasia Program in 1941? (Test 2)
The Nazis had volunteer medical personnel euthanizing the handicapped and the mentally ill and tell their families and the public they died of natural causes. When the truth was made public, outcry caused the Nazis to end the program.
What was the Russian Revolution referred to as? (Test 2)
The October Revolution
After leaving the Socialist newspaper the Avanti, Mussolini created a fascist newspaper called ___________ (Test 2)
The People of Italy
Between September of 1939 - May 1940, there is no fighting among the allies and the axis powers, this is called __________ (Test 2)
The Phony War
The second stage of the Russian Revolution, The civil war, was fought between who? (Test 2)
The Reds, whom were bolsheviks, and the Whites, whom were Tsar supporters and anti-bolsheviks
Why did the political right in Germany dislike the Weimar Republic? (Test 2)
The Right had more benefits and power under the old monarch and disliked the new government taking some of that away
Why was Lenin in Finland during WWI? (Test 2)
The Russian government hated the Bolsheviks
Although Germany had made a reasonable peace agreement between France in the Locarno Treaty in the east, how come many Germans were still upset? (Test 2)
The eastern parts of the German Empire now became their own countries. The allies even cut off part of eastern Germany to give Poland access to the sea
How does Mussolini become Prime Minister of Italy in 1922? (Test 2)
The king of Italy decided to give Mussolini a chance to run the government after the March on Rome, there was no real coup de tat
Who was Alexander Kerensky? (Test 2)
The only socialist in the provisional Russian government in 1917 and would become head of the provisional government
In Mein Kampf, what did Hitler believe was the most important thing about a person? (Test 2)
Their built in racial characteristics
What were the Nuremberg Laws of 1935? (Test 2)
These laws prohibited marriage or sex between Jews and non-Jews in Germany. It also required that Jews have to have an ID signifying that they were Jewish.
What happens to the eastern European countries that had either been Nazi allies or under Nazi control after the war? (Test 2)
They all fall under control of the Soviet Union creating the Eastern Block countries
In Mein Kampf, Hitler says the Jews play a special and negative role in history because ________________ (Test 2)
They are dispersed and landless, making them parasitic
When Hitler sends German forces into the Rhineland, how come France and the other allies don't do anything in response? (Test 2)
They are too weak economically and many countries believed Hitler would become less aggressive if he gained back the Rhineland
When León Plum becomes the first socialist Prime Minster of France, what do capitalists and French investors do as a result? (Test 2)
They began moving their capital abroad
At the end of World War 2, what do the allies decide to do with Germany? (Test 2)
They decide to split into 4 sectors in which the US, USSR, Britain, and France would control
Why did the German Communists dislike the Weimar Republic? (Test 2)
They didn't want a bourgeoise government established by the capitalist victors
Why did the British sink French warships after France was conquered by the Nazis? (Test 2)
They didn't want the Germans taking control of French warships and using them against the British
Out of fear that the Nazis will take their factories, how do the Soviets respond? (Test 2)
They dismantle the factories and take them into the Ural Mountains
What did Wilson and the winning powers of World War I do that contradicted his 14 points? (Test 2)
They redrew the map of Europe and created new countries
Why did the people choose Stalin over Trotsky? (Test 2)
They thought Stalin was dumb and easy to manipulate
On November 9, 1938, a German diplomat is assassinated in France by a Jew. How does Hitler and the Nazis use this event? (Test)
They use it as a pretext to stage the Kristallnacht. The Nazis destroy over 7,000 Jewish businesses, nearly destroy all Synagogues, and between 30,000 - 50,000 wealthy German Jews have everything taken from them and are forced to emigrate.
Why did the Western powers decide to let Germany rebuild its economy after World War 2? (Test 2)
They wanted Germany to be self-sufficient and didn't want to have to keep using taxpayer money to support the Germans
What did the Soviets do with Eastern Germany that made it much less prosperous than Western Germany? (Test 2)
They went in and took many vital industrial things from the country instead of helping to rebuild industry like the West did
What were the Einstazgrüppen? (Test 2)
They were German killers whose job was to follow the German army and assassinate all Jews they came in contact with
What was the Les Trente Glorious in France? (Test 2)
This was 30 years following World War 2 in which France experienced large economic growth and innovation
At the Yalta agreement, what happens? (Test 2)
To avoid another war, the allies agree to allow USSR to integrate Poland into their country
Why was the European Union created in 1957? (Test 2)
To put and end to the fighting and competition between the European powers
What did the Entent, mainly France, do to make sure that Germany wouldn't be able to focus all it's efforts on the West were France to have another conflict with Germany? (Test 2)
Took land away from Germany in the East and resurrected Poland and also took Russian land and made countries like Czechoslovakia and Latvia
There is no universal agreement to when the Russian Revolution ended. True or False (Test 2)
True
Until the 1930's, the Nazi's didn't have much electoral support. True or False. (Test 2)
True
Volkswagen was one of the companies that benefitted from Nazi slave labor during the war along with IBM. True or False (Test 2)
True
Who are the Big 4 who are calling the shots at the Paris Peace Conference? (Test 2)
US, Britain, France, Italy
What is the main issue Germany faces as a result of the Great Depression? (Test 2)
Unemployment Insurance
The ___________ was created in Germany after WWI (Test 2)
Weimar Republic
What was operation paperclip? (Test 2)
When Americans acquired Nazi Scientists and brought them to help the US
What were the July Days? (Test 2)
When Bolsheviks in Petrograd first attempted to take over the government in Russia but ended up having most Bolshevik leaders thrown into prison by the provisional government.
Hitler declared war on the US after which event? (Test 2)
When the US declared war on the Japan after Pearl Harbor
Stalin blames whom for Russia not reaching the Utopian paradise that the bolsheviks had so heavily fought for (test 2)
Wreckers (referred to those Stalin thought would "wreck" the communist party)
A few weeks after Hitler takes power, _____a_______ by a communist. Hitler uses this event to _____b_______ (Test 2)
a. A fire is set at the Reichstag b. Exaggerate that Germany is under attack and imprisons the entire communist delegation and some communist leaders
Although the Vichy government controlled France when the Nazis conquered France, in the country of ____a_____, General ___b___ considered himself head of France. Especially since millions of ___c___ lived there (Test 2)
a. Algeria b. Henri Girot c. Pied Noir
A year after coming to power, Hitler wanted to ___a_____ Austria but _____b______ (Test 2)
a. Annex b. All the other powers, including Mussolini told him not to so he didn't
In 1934, Sergei Kirov, the Communist Party boss and popular moderate in Leningrad was _____a______. Many believe that Stalin was behind the deed. Stalin used this event as an opportunity to ______b______ (Test 2)
a. Assassinated b. Rationalize his purges of the government and society's "enemies / wreckers"
____a____ became the largest of the Nazi death camps and the principal extermination center of the Third Reich. At peak efficiency, ____b____ were killed there each day (Test 2)
a. Auschwitz b. 12,000
In March of 1938, Hitler sends troops into ___a___ and they are greeted with cheers and flowers and no shots are fired. Hitler combines the 2 countries and this is known as ______b____ Although this extremely prohibited by the Treaty of Versailles, the allies allow it after Hitler defends himself saying that ____c_____ (Test 2)
a. Austria b. Anschluss c. He was only Righting a wrong
a. Why does France begin a war with Algeria? b. What sparked the conflict for the Algerians? c. What was this war called? d. Why was it called this? e. Who does the French government call to deal with the situation? f. What does he do? g. What do some army officers do in response? h. How does the war end? (Test 2)
a. Because Algiers had been a French department, part of France and had 1 million Pied Noirs living there b. During a large protest by Algerians in Algeirs, the French military killed hundreds/thousands of people c. The Dirty War d. The French used torture tactics, Cafès were bombed with use of women and children, and assassinations of French officers e. They bring De Gaulle back to power f. At first he tries to win the war but he sees that the war is only going to hurt France so he decides to deliberately lose war g. They create the OAS, and plan to send French paratroopers into Paris to assassinate De Gaulle, but the government gets whiff of the plan and arrests the members of the OAS h. De Gaulle signs the Evian Accords in 1962, giving sovereignty to Algeria and withdrawing French troops
The Soviets in order to bring the Western powers back to negotiating table ___a___ Berlin. In response, the Americans _____b______ (Test 2)
a. Blockade b. Supplying Berlin by plane
In 1935, the right-wing conservative coalition in Spain, _____a______, led by _____b_____ won the most seats in parliament in 1933, but they were ____c____ until 1935, due to fear over how they would operate as head of the government. In 1935 after finally being allowed to operate, they started ____d_____. As a result, in February of 1936, the _____e_____ movement is created in Spain in an attempt to _____f_____. However although they take over and implement a program that included land reform, it was not enough to appease certain groups. In March of 1936, there is a wave of land _________g_________ as a result. And in mid-July a group of army officers led by General ________h______, attempted to overthrow the government resulting in ______i_____. In the end, the ____j_____ won. (test 2)
a. CEDA b. José Gil Robles c. kept out of government d. Undoing leftist reforms e. Popular Front f. ward off fascism g. seizures and strikes h. Francisco Franco i. a Civil War between the nationalists and the leftists j. nationalists
After World War 2, The French install a provisional government headed by ______a_____. However, after he hears of the drafting of a new constitution which _____b_____, he _____c_____. He is called back to run the country in 1958 when that war with __d____ breaks out (Test 2)
a. Charles De Gaulle b. Gives more power to the legislature and takes power from the president c. Resigns d. Algeria
Although the Vichy government controlled France when the Nazis conquered France, ____a____, a General in the French Army refused to _____b____. So, he _______c________. As a result, the Vichy government ______d_____. (Test 2)
a. Charles De Gualle b. Be a part of the French Vichy military c. Left France for Britain and established a Free France in England that would only return after D-Day d. sentenced him to death if he were to return
Mussolini worked out an agreement between the Catholic Church and the Italian State called the ____a______. What this did was __________b_________ (Test 2)
a. Concordat / Latern Pact b. Gave sovereignty to the vatican and gave them power to control their country's education and rules for marriage
September of 1940 the Italian Army in Libya drives 65 miles into _______a_______. By 1941 British forces ___b___. As a result, Hitler _________c_______ (Test 2)
a. English controlled Egypt b. drive back Italian forces 340 miles c. diverts troops from the Balkans to Egypt headed by the Desert Fox, Erwin Rommel
After World War 2, Britain begins building an ______a______ state with the goal to create a "_____b_____" (Test 2)
a. Extensive Welfare State b. New Jerusalem
_____a______ is appointed by President Hindenburg to be Chancellor of Germany after Herman Müller. He proposes ______b._______ to deal with the depression and unemployment. The Reichstag _____c______, therefore ____d_____ he ____e____. This gives him _______f_________. He also ______g_______ which would lead to his ultimate downfall. In 1930, he holds an election in which ______h_______. However, ________i________. As a result ___j____. In a new election in 1932, ______k_____ (Test 2)
a. Heinrich Bruning b. A de-inflationary program c. Doesn't pass his plan d. Instead of stepping down as is normal e. enacts Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution f. power to make government decisions without parliaments approval as long as the president allows it g. dissolves parliament in favor of an election h. the 2 pro-weimar parties lose and the Nazis and Communists win the most seats i. He continues enacting article 48 and raises taxes as well as lowering government spending j. Hindenburg forces him to step down. k. The Nazis win a 37.3% majority vote and Hindenberg appoints Nazi Leader Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany
____a_____ became chancellor of West Germany after World War 2, even though he had been ___b____ (Test 2)
a. Helmut Kohl b. Nazi Soldier
____a____, socialist democrat, becomes Chancellor of Germany in 1929 in the midst of the Great Depression. His plan to deal with the depression is _______b________. His plan doesn't pass though because ______c________. He is forced to _____d____ This is the end of ___________e______ in Germany (Test 2)
a. Herman Müller b. to increase unemployment insurance c. His coalition partners don't agree with his idea so he is forced to resign d. resign e. parliamentary democracy
As Nazis gained more and more territory during the war, they gained more ____a____. This obviously became a problem for the Nazis plan because it would have taken too long to _______b_____, therefore, Hitler commanded in June 1941 _____c____ and that fall, they were no longer _____d_____ (Test 2)
a. Jews b. Forcefully Migrate all the new Jews c. the physical extermination of the Jews d. allowed to migrate
In 1920, the political right in Germany attempted a coup de tat on the Weimar Republic called ____a_____. It failed; however, the army ______b________ (Test 2)
a. Kapp Putsch b. Did not support the republic during the crisis
In 1931 Liberal democrats and socialists gain victory in Spain's elections. However the new Republic of Spain kept dragging it's feet on _____a_____ causing optimism for democrats and socialists to decline. However, in 1932 ____a____ was passed however the government was slow to implement it causing socialists and agricultural workers to _____b____ (Test 2)
a. Land Reform b. Become Radicalized
During 1932, a 200 page document centered around __a__, called for democracy, an end to Stalin's economic system, and even condemned Stalin personally. Stalin reacted by _________b_______ (Test 2)
a. M.N. Ryutin b. He purged Ryutin from the party imprisoning him in a gulag where he would be executed
a. Where does Trotsky go when Stalin takes power in Russia? b. Whom does Trotsky meet and befriend there? c. Why does Stalin fear what Trotsky is doing there? (Test 2)
a. Mexico b. Frida Kahlo c. Trotsky is his number 1 enemy and has a paranoid belief that Trotsky is working to combine multiple nations to fight Russia
a. What two thing posed the biggest problems to León Blum and Socialist France in the late 1930's? b. In what ways did these two pose problems? (Test 2)
a. Non-cooperation of French Businesses and the Spanish Civil War. b. León Blum tried to get capitalists to repatriate but failed and was forced to devalue the Franc. Blum is conflicted on whether to help the Popular Front in Spain but ends up remaining neutral and instead tries to get Italy and Germany to remain neutral as well, this upsets his socialist counterparts
a. Where did the Final Solution first begin to be implemented b. Why was this solution chosen? (Test 2)
a. On the Eastern Front, especially Poland b. Because as German territory expanded, the more Jews they inherited
Hitler breaks the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact June 1941 by conducting ______a_____. In this Hitler _______b_____. The Germans get within sight of the Kremlin, but are bogged down because______c_____ and the Germans ____d____ because they thought they could conquer Russia in ______e____ (Test 2)
a. Operation Barbossa b. The Germans invade the Soviet Union c. Tanks have run out of fuel d. Didn't bring winter clothes and Winter is coming e. 6 weeks
After centuries of being a kingdom, Spain became a ___a___ in 1931, only to become a ____b____ in 1939 (Test 2)
a. Parliamentary Democracy b. Authoritarian State
When France in defeated by the Nazis in June 1940,___a___ is elected Premier of France they sign an __b__ with Germany. The Nazis occupy the _____c____ part of France including _____d____. The third republic of France ends and is replaced by the ___e___ government. Under the armistice, France is told not to _____f____, but France also decide out of it's own will to ______g____ and even helps them ______h_____. (Test 2)
a. Philippe Petain b. armistice c. Northern d. Paris e. Vichy f. Interfere in Nazi war aims g. Collaborate with the Nazis h. Ship of Jews to concentration camps
In 1934, communists in France recognized the threat of fascism and joined together with the socialists and the radicals to form a ____a_____. In 1936, the socialists win the most seats in French Parliament and ____b____ becomes the 1st socialist Prime Minister in France's history. While the Communist party supported him when he ran they _______c_______. This socialist victory however ____d_____ France (Test 2)
a. Popular Front b. León Plum c. They didn't vote for him as not to tarnish his victory d. Polarizes
At the end of the war in Europe in 1945, The American, Soviets, British, and French meet at _____a_____, to ____b____ (Test 2)
a. Potsdam b. Decide the fate of Germany
In response to being rejected alliance with Britain and France, Russia signs the ___a____ on August of 1939. This _______b______. Russia does this because _______c______ (Test 2)
a. Ribbentrop -Molotov Pact b. Allies Russia with Nazi Germany and is agreement that the soviets and the Nazis will carve up Poland half and half c. They are fighting a war with Japan over Mongolia and don't want to deal with the Nazis
Fearing that Hitler may soon turn his focus on Russia, Stalin goes to Britain and France and attempts to make an alliance with them but is rejected because _______a________, _____b_____, and _________c_________ (Test 2)
a. Russia is a communist country b. Stalin had purged half of Russia's officer Corp c. Russia would have to invade Poland to fight the Nazis
Following the Kirov assassination, Stalin imposed a series of ____a______. These would involve a court room where the sentence was already know and where the defendant would be forced to read false confessions. Some weren't forced or tortured into making false confessions but made them freely when told to do this. This was because: _______b________ (Test 2)
a. Show Trials b. They felt that if lying and being imprisoned would help Russia to reach this communist dream of a Utopian Paradise" that they were willing to bite the bullet
Benito Mussolini was originally part of the ____a_____ In 1929, he became head of the ______b_______. (Test 2)
a. Socialist Party b. Socialist newspaper the Avanti
a. How did Stalin get Russia to become more industrialized even though his collective farms made farmers kill half the cattle population? b. What were the results of this? (Test 2)
a. Stalin took everything that the peasants produced including their own food to sell for profit to build up industry b. Caused 5-6 million peasants to die of Famine in Ukraine
___a___ was the farthest city Hitler reached when entering into Russia. The Nazi ___b___ Army couldn't deliver a knockout blow and fighting was street to street and ____c____. After 2 months of fighting _____d_____. Hitler however refused to let _____e____. As a result of the battle ___f___ and ____g____ (Test 2)
a. Stalingrad b. 6th c. House to House d. Soviet forces surrounded the city e. The army retreat f. 1/4 of a million Nazis are killed at Stalingrad g. 1 million Soviet soldiers and civilians were killed
Hitler began stirring the pot about the _____a______ in Czechoslovakia and how it belong to Germany since ______b_____. So in 1938 ___c___ calls a 4 power conference between Italy, Germany, France, and Britain led by ____d___. This conference is called the ____e____. At the end of the conference, it is decided that _____f____. Neville Chamberlain says that _______g_______, only to have Hitler ____h____ not too long there after. Chamberlain then draws the line that if Hitler ____i____, there will be war (Test 2)
a. Sudetenland b. 3.25 million ethnic Germans lived there c. Benito Mussolini d. Neville Chamberlain e. Munich Conference f. Hitler will be given the Sudetenland g. There will be peace in our time h. Invade Prague i. Invades Poland
When Kerensky became minister of war in the Russian provisional government, he calls for his commander Aleksei Brusilov to begin an ___a_____. The Germans anticipate the move and _________b_______ (Test 2)
a. Summer Offensiveand b. Rush the Russians back 9 miles in the first day.
a. What happens September 1950 at the North Atlantic Council (NAC) meeting? b. What was the response? c. Why was this the response? (Test 2)
a. The Americans propose to create a European Army, that included the rearmament of Germany only 5 years after WW2 b. The European powers agreed to this plan c. Fear of the Soviets
a. What was the Schuman Plan in May 1950 b. Did it work? (Test 2)
a. The plan that the Ruhr Valley coal would be controlled by an international organization, the European Coal and Steel Committee b. No
a. Why were the Western Powers concerned about the Soviets after World war 2? b. What do the western powers do in response (Test 2)
a. They kept taking Eastern European countries and wouldn't get out of middle-eastern countries like Iran b. Create NATO, and militarize it in 1950
July 1941, at the ______a_____, Nazi SS official ______b_____, comes up with the plan to exterminate the Jews through the use of _____c_____ (Test 2)
a. Wannsee Conference b. Reinhard Heydrich c. Death Camps
Neville Chamberlain is forced to step down after the Nazis conquer France and British forces are forced to retreat back to Britain. _____a_____ takes over power and rally the British to war through ___b____. As a result Britain begin to _____c____ Germany (Test 2)
a. Winston Churchill b. Impassioned speeches c. Outproduce
In the 1920's, Hitler and the Nazis emphasized the role of women as ________a________ until 1936 when Germany began _____b____. This made the Nazis want women ________c______. (Test 2)
a. Wives and Mothers b. rearming c. To go back into the workforce
When the fascists took power in Italy they organize people into groups such as _____a_____, _______b______, etc. (Test 2)
a. Youth Groups b. Activities Groups
In an attempt to show Italy is as much as power as their ally Germany during World War 2, on October 1940 they _______a________, only to be met with ______b_____ (Test 2)
a. attack Greece b. heavy resistance with help from British forces from North Africa
When Kerensky becomes head of the provisional government in Russia, he replaces his commander Brusilov with Lavr Kornilov. (a) What does Kornilov do? (b) how does Kernesky respond? (c) What happens with the Coup de't tat? (Test 2)
a. attempts a coup de' tat to take over the government b. Releases all the Bolshevik leaders from prison c. Soldiers go home instead of trying to overthrow Kernesky
1n 1937, Stalin has 35,000 officers of the Red Army ___a____ and charged with ___b____ (Test 2)
a. executed b. Treason and espionage
When the Nazis annex the northern part of Poland, they ______a_______ and they also shut down close to all _____b_____ (Test 2)
a. kill Polish elites (Priests, Professors, Etc.) b. schools and chruches
After socialist León Plum becomes the first socialist Prime Minister in, the workers become very enthusiastic but _____a____. As a result, in May of 1936, French workers ______b_____. They demand 40 hour work weeks and ____c____. To deal with the workers, Plum creates the ______d_____. This let workers elect ____e___, it __f___, gave workers 40 hour work weeks, paid vacation and ______g______ (Test 2)
a. their expectations are too high b. Engage in the largest nationwide strike the country has ever seen c. Paid vacation d. Matignon Agreement e. shop stewards f. allowed collective bargaining g. Increased Wages
In an attempt to industrialize Russia, Stalin creates collective farms in which he ______a________. b. How do the farmers respond to this (Test 2)
a.) Forces farmers off of their own land and takes their livestock and property and made them work on these collectives making food for the government to sell for profit. b.) They kill their cattle so that the government can't take it causing the cattle population in Russia to cut in half.
June 1940, Italy joins World War II following the ___________________ (Test 2)
fall of France during the Battle of France
The Nazis engineered a compulsory sterilization which ___________ (Test 2)
forced the sterilization of Germans with any hereditary disease or other unfavorable genetic traits
Within 5 years of his presidency, Hindenburg ____________ (Test 2)
gives up on democracy
Although Mussolini signed the pact giving sovereignty to the Catholic Church and the Vatican, he continued occasional crackdowns on Catholic Youth Organizations because ________________ (Test 2)
his fascist counterparts did not like the Catholic Church.
In 1925, when fascists took over the Italian government, they ____________________ (Test 2)
imprisoned or deported all opposition leaders of non-fascist parties and got rid of the liberal party system
Who leads the Soviet Union? (Test 2)
leader of the communist party
The French army was _______ of Vicci and potential Vicci supporters after World War 2 (Test 2)
purged
By February 1944, the Soviets begin _____________ (Test 2)
pushing the Nazis back to Germany
_________ between left and right parties during the reign of the Weimar Republic in Germany was rampant. (Test 2)
street fighting
Mussolini realizes the power of propaganda and believes ______________ (Test 2)
that you must lie big and repeat the lie over and over
Germany uses ___________ to commit genocide in eastern Europe (Test 2)
the cover of war
In the Summer of 1933, the Nazi government offered interest free loans to homes if ____________ (Test 2)
the woman who lived their quit her job
What does Lenin say in his will regarding Stalin? (Test 2)
to not let stalin gain control of the government