everything about world history up until the protestant reformation
How were leaders chosen in Athens?
"chosen by lot"
Who did the crusaders target in France?
"heretics"
As part of the Magna Carta, the king agreed not to raise revenue without the consent of the governed. That is another way of saying
"no taxation without representation."
How long was the term of a Praetor?
1 year
Ancient Rome had ______ people at its peak.
1, 000, 000
How many people did the plague of the Byzantine empire kill in a day?
10, 000
How many troops did Atilla the Hun attack the Roman empire with?
100, 000
When did the great schism occur?
1054 CE
When was Cicero born?
106 BCE
When did the three men(including duke William of Normandy) fight over the English throne?
1066
When did William the Conqueror become king of England?
1066 CE
When did the New Kingdom end?
1069 BCE
When did pope Gregory ban lay investiture?
1075 CE
When did the Byzantine emperor ask for help to fight the Muslim Turks, writing a letter to Pope Urban II and giving a speech in which he issued a call for a crusade?
1093 CE
When did pope Urban II call for the first crusade?
1095 CE
When did an army of tens of thousands of crusaders assemble in Constantinople to seize Jerusalem and drive out the Muslims?
1097 CE
When did William the Conqueror's grandson, Henry II, take the throne?
1100 CE
Great Zimbabwe was a city-state that flourished from _________.
1100-1400 or 1450 CE
When was the Concordant of Worms signed?
1122 CE
How long did it take for the Notre Dame Cathedral to be built?
1163-1345 CE
When did the Roman Empire reach its peak size?
117 CE
When did Saladin capture Jerusalem?
1187 CE
When did the Muslim general Saladin retake the city of Constantinople?
1187 CE
When did the third crusade end in a compromise?
1192 CE
When did the fourth crusade sack Constantinople?
1204 CE
When did Genghis Khan unite the Mongol tribes?
1206 CE
How long did the Mongol Empire last?
1206-1370 CE
When did a group of English nobles force John to sign the Magna Carta, a document that limited the power of the monarchy?
1215 CE
When did the Mongols invade Russia and capture Kiev to then rule it for 200 years?
1240 CE
How long did the Golden Horde last?
1240-1480 CE
When did the Mongols invade Baghdad?
1258
When did the Mongols capture Baghdad, destroying the great library, destroying palaces and mosques, killing hundreds of thousands of people, and essentially ended Islam's "Golden Age"?
1258 CE
When did Kublai Khan defeat the last Song emperor?
1279 CE
When did Kublai Khan establish the Yuan dynasty?
1279 CE
How long did the Yuan Dynasty last?
1279-1368 CE
When did the Model Parliament meet for the first time?
1295 CE
How long did the Ottoman Empire last?
1300-1923 CE
When did the papacy relocate to Avignon?
1305 CE
When did the Mongols rule over china end?
1368 CE
When was Parliament divided into two houses?
1400 CE
When did Cosimo de' Medici rise to power in Florence?
1429 CE
When was the Gutenberg press invented?
1450 CE
When did the Byzantine Empire fall?
1453 CE
When did the Ottoman Turks (Mehmed II) lead an invasion on Constantinople?
1453 CE
When did Michelangelo finish painting the Sistine Chapel?
1512 CE
When did Machiavelli write The Prince?
1513 CE
When did The Reformation begin?
1517 CE
When did Babur become the first Mughal emperor?
1526 CE
When did Ivan IV become tsar of Russia?
1547 CE
How many emperors ruled the Roman Empire from 235-284 CE
19
How long were the Mycenaeans around?
1950-1150 BCE
How many people in Africa speak a Bantu language?
250 Million
How long did the Mongols rule Russia?
250 years
How many men did the Persian army have?
250, 000
When did the Punic Wars begin?
264 BCE
When did the Roman Empire begin?
27 BCE
How long did the Golden Age last?
27 BCE - 180 CE
How long did Roman Empire last?
27 BCE - 476 CE
How long did the Pax Romana last?
27-180 CE
When did Emperor Diocletian divide his empire?
284 BCE
How long did it take for Jesus to resurrect after his burial?
3 days
When was Jesus crucified?
30 CE
How many trading cities were on the Swahili Coast?
30, all flourishing between the 1200s and 1400s
How many culture groups speak different Bantu languages?
300
When did Rome start expanding their territory?
300 BCE
How long were the Minoans around?
3000-1400 BCE
When was the Via Appia built?
312 BCE
When did Constantine convert to Christianity?
312 CE
When did Alexander the Great die?
323 BC
How long did the Hellenistic age last?
323-30 BCE
When did Constantine the Great move the capital to Byzantium?
330 CE
When did Alexander the great begin his conquest of Persia?
334 BCE
When did Alexander become king?
336 BCE
When did the Hun invasions begin?
370 CE
When did Christianity become the official religion of the Roman Empire?
380 CE
When did the Roman Catholic church become the official church of the Roman Empire?
380 CE
When was Aristotle born?
384 BCE
When was Jesus born?
4 BCE
The population in Rome decreased by____________ people from 100 CE to 1000 CE.
400, 000
When was the Peloponnesian War?
431-404 BCE
When was Julius Caesar assassinated?
44 BCE
When did Herodotus write his "Histories"?
440 BCE
When were the Twelve Tables created?
450 BCE
When did the Germanic people attack and loot the city of Rome?
455 CE
When did the Roman Empire fall?
476 CE
When did the Western Roman Empire fall?
476 CE
When was the last emperor of western Rome forced from power by a German king?
476 CE
How long did the Dark Ages last?
476-1400 CE
When was Pericles born?
495 BCE
How many people were usually in an Athenian jury?
500
When did Swahili trade cities begin to appear?
500 CE
Who was in the Council of 500?
500 randomly chosen Athenian citizens
When did Cleisthenes reform Athenian democracy?
508 BCE
When did Clovis I convert to Christianity?
508 CE
When did Rome become a republic?
509 BCE
When did Justinian begin his rule?
527 CE
When did Justinian create the Justinian Code?
528 CE
When did Gregory I become pope?
590 CE
When did Athenian leaders begin to reform the government in Athens?
594 BCE
When did Muhammad receive the first revelation from God that would later form the basis of Islam?
610 CE
How long did the Tang Dynasty last?
618-907 CE
WHen did Muhammad move to Medina?
622 CE
When did Muhammad conquer Mecca?
630 CE
When did Muhammad die?
632 CE
How long did the Umayyads rule?
661-750 CE
By when did Arab Muslims begin to conquer territories belonging to the Byzantine Empire?
700 CE
When did city-states emerge in Greece?
750 BCE
How long did the Abbasid Dynasty's golden age last?
750-1258 CE
What did the roman judicial branch consist of?
8 praetors
When was the Colosseum built?
80 CE
In what period was Homer believed to have lived?
800 BCE
When did Feudalism begin to develop?
850 CE
When was Kiev founded?
880 CE
When did the first city-state emerge?
900 BCE
By when had Christianity spread across the continent?
900 CE
When was Otto I crowned Holy Roman Emperor?
936 CE
How long did the Song dynasty last?
960-1279 CE
When did Vladimir I convert to Christianity only to force the entire population to convert and make Orthodox Christianity the state religion?
980 CE
What was Linear A?
A Minoan writing system (one that has yet to be translated)
What event happened after the Qin Dynasty collapsed?
A civil war broke out.
What is a fable?
A fable is a story that teaches a lesson.
What is a republic?
A government in which citizens rule through elected representatives
What is an oligarchy?
A government ruled by a few powerful people
Who were the Franks?
A group led by Clovis I that controlled a large kingdom, converted to Christianity, and established ties to the church in Rome
What is an Empire?
A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler
What is the US equivalent to a Praetor?
A judge
What best describes the population of ancient Rome?
A large city with a population of about a million.
A noble woman educated her children. Why was a peasant woman less likely to teach her own children?
A peasant woman had no free time to teach.
prophet
A person who speaks or interprets for God to other people
Which scenario best illustrates the idea of justice according to the Twelve Tables?
A poor man who commits murder should be punished the same as a wealthy man who commits murder.
What was Kiev by the 900s?
A powerful state that controlled a wide area, increased trade and contact across the region, and became a major center of Slavic population and culture.
Foundation Myth
A society's story about its origins
Aqueduct
A structure that carries water over long distances
Which scenario is the best example of an indirect democracy?
A student council approves vending machines in the cafeteria.
What was the Civil-Service System?
A way to make the government more efficient in the way of infrastructure, making rules and rights public knowledge, and improving schools
What was a Renaissance man?
A well-rounded member of society who excelled in many areas.
Who was the leader of the Safavid Dynasty?
Abbas I
Which dynasty was in power during Islam's Golden Age?
Abbasid
Who was believed to have constructed the ka'bah?
Abraham and Ishmael
Who was the first caliph?
Abu Bakr
What happened during the Pax Romana?
Advancements in art, technology, and literature, the establishment of a civil-service system, and coins were minted to make trade easier
Who wrote fables?
Aesop
The ruler who was best known for defending religious freedom and promoting tolerance was
Akbar
Who greatly expanded the Mughal Empire, welcomed influence from many cultures, defended religious freedom and promoted tolerance, and reigned during a period of stability and unity?
Akbar
Who placed Hindus and Sikhs into positions of high authority and ended the taxes of non-Muslims?
Akbar
What was Alexander the Great also called?
Alexander III or Macedonia
How did Greek culture spread?
Alexander the Great
Center for great advancements in science and technology
Alexandria
Where was the world's first research library?
Alexandria
Which statement describes the city of Alexandria?
Alexandria was an Egyptian trade center and home to a diverse population.
What were the democratic ideals were practiced by Athens?
All citizens could debate and vote on new laws and citizens accused of a crime were entitled to a trial by jury.
What was the main idea of the Twelve Tables?
All citizens, no matter their class, were equal and protected under the law.
What term is the Arabic word for God?
Allah
Who is the Ka'bah dedicated to?
Allah
What did the Twelve Tables do?
Allowed the people to understand their rights and duties
Who was Thomas Aquinas?
An Italian noble and Dominican priest that wrote many influential and important works on Christian theology and contributed to the growth of scholastic thought in his work Summa Theologica.
What were the effects of Rome expanding?
An increase in economic problems(growing wealth gap) and generals becoming more influential(armies then being used for personal gain and soldiers being more loyal)
What was the Papacy?
An organization that became the strongest political force in Europe, assumed civic duties once performed by the Roman government, and took on the role of a central government.
How did the political system of ancient Athens differ from the political system of the United States today?
Ancient Athens had a direct democracy, while the United States has a representative democracy.
What statement best reflects the philosophy of the Sunni?
Anyone from the Muslim community can interpret the Qur'an and laws and lead the daily prayers.
Who established the trade cities along the Swahili coast?
Arab merchants
Who were the Bedouins?
Arab nomads
What languages was the Qur'an written in?
Arabic
What did Muslim scholars translate books to?
Arabic and Latin
Who calculated the value of pi?
Archimedes
Who invented the method of using logic to make arguments?
Aristotle
Who taught Alexander the Great?
Aristotle
Who wrote "politics"?
Aristotle
How did Byzantine influence the Slavs?
Art and Architecture(cathedrals and mosaics), writing(greek alphabet was made into Cyrillic), Literature(translated religious texts into Russian), Religion(Adopted Orthodox Christianity), and Government(created a legal code based on Byzantine law)
Why was art created during the Renaissance?
Art was created for wealthy patrons(for the purpose of decorating spaces and to demonstrate wealth), however, the church remained an important patron. Patrons also often appeared in the paintings they commissioned.
How were Praetor's elected?
Assemblies
What were some of the areas Greek scholars applied math to?
Astronomy and Architecture
According to Pericles, how is Athens different from other Greek city-states?
Athens has laws that treat all people fairly, regardless of social class.
What were the responsibilities of the Lady of a manor?
Attending mass and saying prayers, caring for and educating small children, entertaining guests, and managing the household staff and finances
What were the responsibilities of the Lord of a manor?
Attending mass and saying prayers, serving militarily when necessary, settling the disputes of the manor, establishing laws and collecting taxes, and managing the manor's staff and finances.
Which ruler of the Mughal Empire faced a struggling economy because he imposed high taxes, and struggled against European influence due to the pressure by colonization?
Aurangzeb
Which ruler of the Mughal emperor was intolerant of non-Muslims (heavily taxed non-Muslims, destroyed Hindu schools and temples, and arrested and killed Sikh leaders)
Aurangzeb
Which ruler ultimately caused the decline of the Mughal Empire?
Aurangzeb
Who is Homer?
Author of the Odyssey and the Iliad
Place these events into the proper order? A. Song dynasty was established, B. Han Dynasty ruled china, C. The Tang dynasty rules china, D. The Mongols established the Yuan dynasty.
B, C, A, D
Which ruler founded the Mughal Empire?
Babur
A difference between Babur and Akbar was that
Babur was the first emperor of the Mughal Empire, while Akbar was its greatest leader.
What best explains how Babur's rule of the Mughal Empire influenced Akbar's rule?
Babur's respect for other beliefs inspired Akbar to promote religious tolerance.
What empire did Hammurabi rule over?
Babylonia
Which Italian courtier/ambassador that was educated in a humanist school, listed the qualities of the ideal courtier, explained the responsibilities of a courtier to a prince, and wrote The Book of the Courtier?
Baldassare Castiglione
Who was a Renaissance writer whose work was based on their professional experience ?
Baldassare Castiglione
Which Sultan was devoted to building universities, hospitals, and mosques as well as welcoming Jews and Muslims who were exiled during the Spanish Inquisition?
Bayezid II
Why did the Roman Empire slowly lose territory?
Because the border was too large to defend and too expensive
Why did Alexander the Great invade Persia?
Because they invaded Greece
How was Alexander's empire divided after his death?
Between his strongest generals via civil war.
Who supervised a group of churches?
Bishops
In what way were the firstborn son of a knight and the firstborn son of a serf alike?
Both children would grow up to have the same roles as their fathers.
What did the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire have in common?
Both created architectural achievements.
How were Akbar and Suleyman alike?
Both promoted religious tolerance, both created efficient governments, and both were skilled military generals.
What were the subjects, themes, and appearances of the Renaissance?
Both religious and secular themes were common, there was more focus on ordinary people, there was more focus on nature - a trend called naturalism, and paintings appeared lifelike - a technique called realism.
What best explains how religious tolerance helped the Ottoman and Mughal Empires succeed?
By showing religious tolerance, both empires maintained stability and earned loyalty from different peoples.
The Ottoman Empire grew and expanded after it conquered the
Byzantine Empire.
Why did the Arab Muslims turn their attention to Southeast Asia instead of the Byzantine Empire?
Byzantine was able to fight off numerous invasion attempts
Where did Constantine move the capital of the Roman Empire?
Byzantium
After he gained control of the Roman Empire, Constantine moved the capital to
Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople.
What names did Istanbul have?
Byzantium, Constantinople, and Istanbul
Who became emperor of the Roman Emperor after Julius Caesar was killed?
Caesar Augustus
Who did Rome defeat in the Punic Wars?
Carthage
How did cataracts in the Nile River make transportation difficult?
Cataracts' shallow depth and rushing water made the river impassable.
Where were the Huns from?
Central Asia
Which ruler conquered much of western Europe, forced the people he conquered to become Christians, revived education in Europe, strengthened the alliance between government and the pope, and influenced the ideas of the Magna Carta?
Charlemagne
At its peak, the Mongol Empire included parts of
China, Persia, and Russia.
What was Japanese society influenced by?
Chinese art, they reproduced music, imported instruments and costumes, and adopted their artistic methods.)
What did Constantine legalize in the Roman Empire?
Christianity
Which religion has the most followers worldwide?
Christianity
What religions does Islam have connections to?
Christianity and Judaism
What was the effect of Constantine embracing Christianity?
Christianity expanded in Rome.
When Muslims speak of "people of the book," to whom are they referring?
Christians
When did Pope Leo III crown Charlemagne?
Christmas Day, 800 CE
Who was the writer that influenced the Founding Fathers?
Cicero
What were the effects of Humanism on Renaissance society?
Civic debate was encouraged, students studied the work of classical philosophers, and learning Greek and classical Latin was necessary to be well educated.
How were officials chosen for government positions within the Tang Dynasty?
Civil service exams helped identify skilled workers.
Who increased the power of the assembly to create a limited democracy?
Cleisthenes
The rise of the Franks was led by
Clovis I
Emperor Wu Di focused his government on which philosophical concept?
Confucian ideals
What did Alexander the Great conquer in 356-325 BCE?
Conquer most of the Mediterranean region and into south Asia
As a ruler, Emperor Qin Shihuangdi:
Consolidated power in the capital.
Who fought with others to become emperor of the Roman Empire?
Constantine
Who unified the Roman Empire?
Constantine
What connected Europe with trading routes to the east?
Constantinople
What did Constantine rename the capital?
Constantinople
What may have been "The Second Rome"?
Constantinople
Who ruled the city-state of Florence?
Cosimo de' Medici
Which writer/poet received a classical education, wrote in the vernacular, and wrote The Divine Comedy?
Dante Alighieri
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, what filled the void left by the disintegration of the political structure?
Dark Ages.
What describes an accurate cause-and-effect relationship that existed after the fall of the Roman Empire?
Decline in trade → shift to a rural society
What were the leading causes of the Peloponnesian War?
Delian League members had no say in government and Sparta was upset by Athens's growing power.
Where did the Umayadds move the capital to better control the Umayyad Empire?
Demascus, because it was more centrally located.
Who brought order to the Roman Empire in the short term?
Diocletian
What did Pericles's reforms lead to?
Direct Democracy
What were the economic factors that lead to the collapse of the Roman Empire?
Disruptive trade, high taxes, and increasing wealth gap.
What did the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church have in common?
Doctrine included belief in only one god and in the divinity of Jesus
A major Renaissance novel about a man who fights imaginary enemies is
Don Quixote.
The Magyars invaded from the _________, the Vikings invaded from the_______, and the Muslims invaded from the ________.
East, North, South
What were the contributing factors of the Roman Empire's decline?
Economic Crisis, Military Conflict, and Political Instability.
What was one consequence of Roman expansion beginning in 300 BCE?
Economic problems began to increase.
During the Renaissance, how was interest in classical learning revived?
Education opportunities increased, worked by ancient Greek philosophers were reintroduced, and interest in classical art and sculpture also began to grow.
How did the development of efficient agricultural practices, including understanding the Nile River's flooding patterns, change Egyptian work life?
Efficient agricultural practices made the workforce available for other endeavors.
How did Alexander the Great die?
Either poisoning, cold, or pneumonia.
Who was regarded as one of the most powerful women of the Middle Ages, was a duchess in her own right, controlled lands in France, was known for her patronage of the arts, and participated in the Crusade?
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Who divided the Roman Emperor into eastern and western regions?
Emperor Diocletian
Who created Justinian code
Emperor Justinian
Who founded the Song Dynasty?
Emperor Song Taizu
Which ruler based his government on the better aspects of the Song dynasty, created a strong social economy, established social services, and conquered and reunified China?
Emperor Taizu
Where did the Germanic people migrate to after the fall of the Roman Empire?
England
Who computed the circumference of the earth?
Eratosthenes
What did Paul of Tarsus do while he traveled across the Roman Empire?
Established many churches, wrote half of the books in the new testament, and converted people of all faiths
Who made important advancements in Geometry?
Euclid
Ottoman merchants served as intermediaries for trade between _______ and ________.
Europe, the Silk Road
What helped lead to the Age of Exploration
European desire to bypass Ottoman Traders
What were the effects and details of increased trade between southwest Asia and Europe?
Europeans brought back goods from Asia, including silk and spices, increasing demand, banking systems developed to transfer funds for troops and supplies, trading cities became more important, Italian merchants grew wealthy, transporting goods between Europe and Muslim territory.
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, Pilgrimage
True or False: Innocence is not presumed in the Roman Code of Law
False
True or False: Most Germanic tribes were monotheistic.
False
True or False: Paul of Tarsus was not believed to have been martyred for his beliefs.
False
True or False: The descendants of the Bantu have abandoned most of their cultural practices
False
True or False: The goals of the crusaders never changed.
False
True or False: There were laws in ancient Rome preventing a father from killing his children or selling them into slavery.
False
True or False: This painting does not show the use of perspective.
False
Who held all of the family's wealth and property in an ancient roman household?
Fathers
What renowned poet was known as the father of humanism, wrote in Latin and in the vernacular, focused on human experiences, and studied, collected, and shared ancient Greek and Roman literature?
Francesco Petrarch
What languages separated the former Roman empire?
French, German, Italian, Spanish, and English
How long did the Mughal Empire last?
From 1526-1707 CE
How did Parliament evolve?
From a group of noblemen, knights, and clergy who advised the king(The Great Council), representatives of the nobility, clergy, knights, and burgesses(Model Parliament), and then into Parliament(divided into two houses, the House of Lords made up of nobles and clergy and the House of Commons made up of knights and burgesses).
Who led the General Assembly?
Generals who were the only elected officials
Who united the tribes of Mongolia in 1206, founded the Mongol Empire, and conquered vast territory including parts of China, Persia, and Russia.
Genghis Khan
In what areas did Greek scholars advance the understanding and study of?
Geometry and Algebra
What did Darius III try to negotiate with (unsuccessfully)?
Giving Alexander the Great his daughter.
According to legend, who did Constantine receive a message from before battle?
God
Jesus's life is told in the first four books of the New Testament, which are called the ___________.
Gospels
The first doctors in Rome were from ________.
Greece
From where did the classical ideas that European scholars' renewed their interest in come from?
Greece and Rome
what is the single most significant characteristic of Greece?
Greece is bordered by land on one side only.
which geographic characteristic helped the civilizations of early Greece to become successful in the trade industry?
Greece is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea.
The total area of Alexander III's empire stretched from
Greece to the Indus River.
What factor gave Greece the greatest advantage for trade?
Greece's coastline bordered on four seas.
Roman religion was adopted from many cultures including _______.
Greek
What does Hellos mean?
Greek
What languages did the Eastern Orthodox Church conduct service in?
Greek
What was the official language of the Byzantine Empire?
Greek
What is a polis?
Greek city-state
What is Hellenism?
Greek culture blended with Persian, Egyptian, and Indian influences.
The Roman religion adopted __________
Greek gods
Romans worshipped _______.
Greek gods.
What is Stoicism?
Greek philosophy that emphasizes logic and reason over emotion that says that people should always take the "right action".
Who discovered how to calculate distance and height using Geometry?
Greek scholars
Subjects taught in roman schools included _______, _________, and ________.
Greek, philosophy, other humanities subjects.
Roman culture was heavily influenced by _______ civilization.
Greek.
Rome was strongly influenced by the culture of the
Greeks.
The modern numbering system and the zero were both mathematical innovations made within which empire?
Gupta
India's first great civilization was
Harappa.
What was invented by Muslim Scholars?
Hard soap using olive oil, and algebra
What statements describe characteristics of a "Renaissance man"?
He can read and speak more than one language and he is an excellent swordsman.
What impact did Suleyman I have on the Ottoman Empire?
He created a new legal system.
What important victory did one founder of the Carolingians achieve?
He defeated a Muslim invasion from Spain.
It is believed that Paul was a martyr. What best describes what this means?
He died rather than deny his beliefs.
The New Kingdom began under the rule of Ahmose. What did he accomplish that allowed for the emergence of the New Kingdom?
He drove out foreign invaders
How did Ivan III influence the development of Russia?
He ended tribute payments to the Mongols, he named himself tsar, and he brought in foreign architects to rebuild Moscow.
What contribution did Alexander the Great make to the Hellenistic civilization?
He helped spread Greek culture as his empire grew.
How did William the conqueror create a central government?
He introduced feudalism in England, created a council of nobles to advise him, and appointed local officials that were called sheriffs to collect taxes.
What was the effect of the support of Julius Caesar by the Plebeians and his army?
He looked like a threat to the senate
What were Pericles's reforms?
He offered to pay jury members, increased the number of paid public officials, and created the Council of 500
What caused Siddhartha Gautama to seek wisdom?
He saw suffering in the world and sought wisdom to end it.
What were the effects of William the Conqueror's rule?
He seized property and gave it to Norman nobles, made all nobles swear allegiance to him, and required French to be spoken at court.
Why was Jesus executed by the Romans?
He threatened their sovereignty, being called the Messiah or King of kings.
How did Muhammad spread Islam?
He told family, friends, and the public, converting many of them.
How did Muhammad start spreading his message about Islam?
He told his friends and family.
Why did the ruler of the Mongol Empire decide to adopt certain Chinese customs?
He understood that Mongolian customs might not be accepted in China, so he made compromises.
How did Ivan III contribute to the resurgence of Moscow?
He unified all Russian lands and built a strong monarchy.
Man's greatest good fortune is to chase and defeat his enemy, seize his total possessions, leave his married women weeping and wailing, ride his [horse]. What does this quote suggest about Genghis Khan?
He was brutal.
What happened to the last emperor of the Byzantine Empire?
He was killed defending the city of Constantinople
What happened before Julius Caesar was assassinated?
He was named dictator for life
What were 2 attributes about Cosimo de' Medici?
He was one of the wealthiest people in Europe during his lifetime and was a good judge of talent in painters and writers.
According to the Bible, what made the circumstances of Jesus's death unique?
He was resurrected three days later.
According to Muslim beliefs, why did Muhammad become a prophet?
He was said to have received a message from an angel.
Why did Paul of Tarsus convert to Christianity?
He was visited by a vision of Jesus
Which ruler clashed with the pope for his entire reign, begged said pope for forgiveness, and was forced to fight challengers after the pope revoked his office?
Henry IV
Why did Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV come into conflict?
Henry IV believed he had the authority to appoint church officials.
What happened after Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture?
Henry IV tried to force the pope to resigns, the pope excommunicating Henry IV in response
What is the difference between Henry VIII and Martin Luther?
Henry VIII had a political disagreement with the catholic church while Martin Luther had a religious disagreement.
a Greek historian
Herodotus
Which Greek scientist studied medicine and disease?
Hippocrates
How did the Greeks advance Medicine?
Hippocrates started a school of medicine and they used dissections to gain understanding of the human body.
How did Hippocrates differ from Herodotus?
Hippocrates was a physician who created a statement of basic ethics, while Herodotus was a historian who shaped how events are recorded.
How did Alexander the Great become king?
His father(Phillip of Macedonia) was assassinated
According to the reading, how did Charlemagne demonstrate his Christian faith?
His favorite book, City of God, was written by a Christian saint, he built a basilica at Aix-la-Chapelle, and he attended church twice a day.
Why was Ivan IV called Ivan the Terrible near the end of his reign?
His wife was suspected to have died of poisoning, one of his most trusted advisors defected and rebelled against him, he used secret police to hunt down his political enemies and suspected traitors, and he seized property and gave it to nobles who were loyal to him.
What best summarizes Renaissance humanism?
Humanists used a realistic and scientific approach to understanding the world.
The silk road allowed for the diffusion of ______, _______, and ______.
Ideas, Knowledge, Cultures
How did Pericles die?
In the second year of the Peloponnesian War, a disease killed more than one third of the people inside Athens' walls
How does Islam affect one's daily life?
In ways of clothing, food, and social interaction.
What were the positive effects of the Mongol conquests?
Increased trade, as caravans on the Silk Road were protected from raiders, and guaranteed protection to travelers and missionaries through Mongol territory.
What are examples of the people of the Renaissance becoming more interested in secular ideas?
Independent monarchs increased their power, scholars began to question religious teachings, and people began to concern themselves with wealth and beauty.
Which resulted from the trade network developed during the Gupta Empire?
India developed a banking system.
What cultures influenced Kilwa?
Islamic and Bantu cultures
What was one of the primary ways Islam's Golden Age impacted the European Renaissance?
Islamic scholars preserved some of art and literature's most classical works, inspiring the Europeans.
What did the Turks rename Constantinople?
Istanbul
Why was the Swahili Coast a center of trade?
It connected African cultures with traders from other regions.
What happened to literacy after the fall of the Roman Empire?
It declined. Germanic invaders were illiterate, rural families had no access to schooling, and the knowledge of Greek and Latin declined.
Why was Pope Leo III's crowning of Charlemagne significant?
It established the Church as a political force.
What was Don Quixote about?
It examined the complexity of human nature, studied the hero and the anti-hero, and is the source of the phrase "tilting at the windmills"
What was The Divine Comedy about?
It explored life after death, was divided into three parts: Dante's journeys through hell, purgatory, and paradise, and included real people as its characters.
How did Judaism differ from other faiths of the same time period?
It focused on monotheism instead of polytheism.
How did the translation of texts into Arabic affect learning?
It helped Muslim scholars make new discoveries.
What was the most important impact of the Jewish peoples' repeated Diaspora?
It helped spread religion into Europe.
How did the Renaissance affect independent monarchs?
It increased their power.
How is India distinct from the rest of Asia?
It is a subcontinent.
What best defines Cyrillic?
It is an alphabet adapted from the Greeks that is used for Slavic languages.
How did Muslim expansion in North Africa affect Aksum?
It led to a decline of trade and eventually the end of the kingdom.
What primary impact did the Great Temple's construction have on Jerusalem?
It left the entire kingdom deeply in debt.
How did Christianity affect the Kingdom of Aksum?
It made it different from other North African cultures.
Why was the war between Sparta and Athens called the Peloponnesian War?
It occurred at the Peloponnesus
Why was Charlemagne's coronation a pivotal moment in European history?
It revived the idea of a Roman Empire, it united western Europe in religion and politics, further divided the east and west, and strengthened the power of the church
The painting depicts the Roman government. How does this painting illustrate the structure of Roman government?
It shows the Senate debating laws together.
What was the impact of The Prince?
It spread throughout Europe, influencing generations of leaders, admired as a discussion on political reality, not an idealistic society, and inspired the term Machiavellian - using tricks, lies, or dishonesty in order to gain something.
What was the effect of Pope Leo III's coronation of Charlemagne?
It united the people of Charlemagne's empire.
What statements about Pericles's General Assembly are correct?
It voted directly on laws, it was led by elected officials, and it consisted of all Athenian citizens.
Why was the church a dominant force in European life?
It was heavily involved in politics, resented by some monarchs, generally supported by the people, and was increasingly seen as overly powerful and corrupt.
Rome was protected by its geography because:
It was located on a peninsula, protected by hills and mountains, and located on the Tiber river
Why did Aksum become an important trading center?
It was located on the Red Sea, close to the Arabian Peninsula.
What made Judaism different from the religions that came before it?
It was monotheistic.
Which best summarizes the structure of the Roman government?
It was organized with separation of powers.
How did trade routes influence the Renaissance's beginning in Italy?
Italian traders had contact with the Arab world and its culture.
How did Italy's Mediterranean location help give birth to the Renaissance?
Italians were exposed to new ideas as travelers and traders passed through their country.
What best describes how Italy's location on the Mediterranean Sea contributed to the flourishing of the Renaissance?
Italy's location allowed many travelers and traders to bring back new ideas.
How did the geography of the Arabian Peninsula affect its religious and cultural diversity?
Its location made it a center of trade, which led to the exchange of ideas.
Which ruler refused to pay tribute to the Golden Horde(ending their rule), unified all Russian lands by the end of his reign, used his military skill and leadership to build himself a strong monarchy, and named himself "Tsar"?
Ivan III
What factor ended the Mongol rule of Russia?
Ivan III refused to continue paying tribute to the Golden Horde.
Which ruler added vast new holdings to his territory, renamed said territory to be "Russia", and revised the code of laws and ruled justly as the beginning of his reign?
Ivan IV
What city did the crusades fail to overtake?
Jerusalem
How did Muslims demonstrate religious tolerance to Jews and Christians?
Jews and Christians were allowed to serve in the government.
Who issued a challenge to the Catholic Church in the mid-1300s, questioning key religious teachings and translating the bible into English?
John Wycliffe
Where did the Jewish people live under Roman rule?
Judea
Which roman dictator was assassinated by his political rivals(senators)?
Julius Caesar
Which roman general served as a consul?
Julius Caesar
Who tried to conquer all of the territories after the fall of the Roman Empire?
Justinian
What was the comprehensive list of existing Roman laws created by Justinian I called?
Justinian Code
Who was Theodora?
Justinian's most trusted advisor
Which statement correctly defines the khanates of the thirteenth century?
Khanates were independent areas of the Mongol Empire.
What were the chieftains of the Mongols called?
Khans
As Kiev increased its trade and contacts around the region, the most significant result was that
Kiev became the center of cultural exchange.
What statement best describes the relationship between Kievan Rus and the Byzantine Empire?
Kievan Rus was strongly influenced by the culture of the Byzantine Empire.
What was one of the greatest Swahili trade cities?
Kilwa, one of the most developed and active trading centers in the area.
What were the statements in The Prince?
Kind leaders are not necessarily good leaders, most people are selfish and corrupt, leaders should inspire fear in those they rule, force, cruelty, and deception are sometimes necessary to rule.
What happened leading up to The Great Schism?
King Phillip IV appointed bishops(the pope issued a statement saying Kings must obey the pope to go the heaven) and the French archbishop elected a pope(pope Clement V moved the papacy to Avignon
What was the order of the Feudal system (most to least power)?
King, Vassals(nobles and knights(in that order)), and peasants
What was one of Kublai Khan's achievements?
Kublai Khan conquered China.
What languages did the Roman Catholic Church conduct service in?
Latin
_______ is the basis of many modern languages, including Spanish and French.
Latin
The roman language is called ______
Latin.
What were caliphs?
Leaders of the Muslim community after Muhammad's death that were elcted by clans.
Which artist was considered the ideal "Renaissance Man" who imagined inventions that were ahead of his time, and explored painting, sculpture, and engineering, music, and botany?
Leonardo da Vinci
What is giving false witness?
Lying in court/perjury
Why was it critical when Egypt and Syria were overrun during the rise of Islam in the Byzantine Empire?
Many of the resources Constantinople depended on came from Egypt
How did Greek scholars develop Astronomy?
Mapping stars and studying planetary movements
Who served as an administrator under Kublai Khan for 17 years, was a venetian trader who arrived at his court around 1275 CE, and was the subject of a book about his life and experiences?
Marco Polo
Which German priest/religious scholar launched the Reformation, inspired the creation of new, protestant churches, and wrote The Ninety-Five Theses, which criticize church practices?
Martin Luther
Romans gained most of their _______ knowledge from Greeks.
Mathematical and Scientific
What were two of the most important trade cities in the Arab peninsula?
Mecca and Medina
Rome's location made it a center for trade throughout the
Mediterranean.
Which ruler promoted religious diversity in the Ottoman Empire?
Mehmed II
Who made Istanbul the new capital of the Ottoman empire?
Mehmed II
Who was one of the most powerful sultans of the Ottoman empire that conquered the city of Constantinople, and ascended to the throne at 12?
Mehmed II
What was Mehmed II also called?
Mehmed the Conqueror
The development of Hummurabi's Code is proof that
Mesopotamia gave rise to civilization.
Jesus was believed to be the long-awaited ______.
Messiah
Jesus was believed to be the ______ and ______.
Messiah, awaited son of god
An artist who was famous for his lifelike depictions of the human body during the Renaissance was
Michelangelo
Which artist was considered the greatest artist of his time, was famous for his lifelike representations of his human body, was known for his painting and his sculptures, and painted the inside of the Sistine Chapel, located in Vatican City?
Michelangelo
Which Renaissance writer was a humanist because of his focus on human nature, rather than religion?
Miguel de Cervantes
Who was regarded as one of Spain's most important novelists, included his experiences in his writing, and wrote Don Quixote?
Miguel de Cervantes
How was the senate divided in ancient Rome?
Military Assembly and Tribal Assembly
Julius Caesar was a brilliant _______, _______, and _______.
Military General, Writer, Orator
During wartime, who were the consuls?
Military Leaders
Which came first, Minoans or Mycenaeans?
Minoans
Who did the church use to spread Christianity across Europe?
Missionaries
How has Roman culture influenced Western civilization?
Modern artists and architects have incorporated Roman techniques and American ideas about government were shaped by Roman beliefs.
What buildings did the church build across Europe that cared for pilgrims, travelers, the sick, and the poor, and were staffed by monks who dedicated their lives to the church but also functioned as a library and educated those who planned to serve the church?
Monasteries
What was "The Third Rome"?
Moscow
What was the most important principality in Russia in 1240 CE?
Moscow
Moscow was given more power under Mongol rule because
Moscow was loyal to the Mongols.
What statements would Machiavelli agree with?
Most men are selfish and corrupt and it is better to be feared than loved by the masses.
What is the connection between peasants and serfs?
Most peasants were also serfs.
What improvement of the printing press sped up the printing press?
Movable type
What did the Bantu do just after 0 CE?
Moved from central Africa toward the Indian Ocean
Who founded Islam?
Muhammad
Who wrote the Qur'an?
Muhammad's followers(after his death)
What was the origin of monotheism in Islam?
Muhammad's revelation
What group most threatened the Byzantine Empire in 1050?
Muslim Arabs
Sultan
Muslim Ruler
Who were the Ghazis
Muslim Warriors
Why did Jews and Christians experience religious tolerance from Muslim leaders?
Muslims believe they share the same god as Jews and Christians
Where was Jesus raised?
Nazareth
During the _______ Kingdom, Queen Hatshepsut was a powerful female pharaoh who encouraged trade.
New
What happened after Wu Di expanded China's empire over a larger territory?
New ways of governing were needed.
Which writer/philosopher/politician began a career in government at a young age and influenced later thinkers with his played and books, but also wrote The Prince?
Niccolo Machiavelli
A Renaissance writer who applied humanistic principles to government was
Niccolo Machiavelli.
This image shows the location of which ancient river valley?
Nile
Did the Christians worship Roman gods?
No
Was Atilla the Hun successful in attacking Rome or Constantinople?
No
What best states why the Renaissance began in northern Italy?
Northern Italy was close to ancient civilizations.
Who could vote in Athenian society?
Only (free) male citizens.
What were the possible causes of the Bantu's migration?
Other cultures moving onto their land or climate change
Which ruler was a powerful German king that conquered most of Italy and all of central Europe, was crowned Roman Emperor in 962 CE, and used his power of lay investiture to appoint bishops who supported him?
Otto I
Who invaded Constantinople in 1453?
Ottoman Turk armies
What factors led to the decline and eventual collapse of the Western Roman Empire?
Outside invaders threatened the border areas, People were less interested in serving in government or in the military, and Inflation was causing economic problems.
Who wrote the epic poem "Metamorphoses"?
Ovid
How did humanism affect paintings during the Renaissance?
Paintings became more lifelike.
At which Jewish holiday would someone eat matzo at a Seder?
Passover
What did the roman legislative branch consist of?
Patrician Senators and Plebeian assemblies
Who wrote nearly half of the books of the New Testament?
Paul
Who was a Jewish citizen of Rome between 4 BCE and 64 CE?
Paul of Tarsus
Who was considered to be the most influential leader of the early church?
Paul of Tarsus
Augustus's rule began the _________.
Pax Romana
What does Bantu mean?
People
Which statement best represents the philosophy of Legalism?
People are inherently both selfish and impulsive.
How did the urban environment of Italy contribute to the Renaissance?
People often exchanged ideas and ways of thinking, cities became centers for trade and banking, and wealthy citizens could spend money on art, books, and other luxuries.
According to Machiavelli, what will happen to a leader when things go wrong and he is in need of support?
People will turn against him.
During Alexander the Great's reign, Darius III was the king of
Persia
The Ilkhanate of the Mongol Empire was a state that was established in
Persia
Where was the first windmill developed?
Persia
Who founded Kilwa?
Persian and Arab settlers
What best states how the use of perspective made Renaissance art appear different than Medieval art?
Perspective added depth to Renaissance art that Medieval art did not show.
Who believed in the idea of a philosopher-king that would safeguard against tyranny?
Plato
Who wrote "The Republic"?
Plato
Three of the world's most influential philosophers
Plato, Socrates, Aristotle
What were the two Roman social classes?
Plebeians and Patricians
During the middle ages, why did education decline?
Political instability and the plague made it difficult to obtain an education, and education was centered on religion.
Muhammad lived and worked most of his life as a commercial trader. When he received his first revelation, he committed his life to serving his followers and city as their religious leader, military general and what other role?
Politician
Who executed Jesus?
Pontius Pilate
What were the ranks of the Catholic church from most power to the least power?
Pope, Cardinals, Archbishops, Bishops, and Priests
What changes were made under the leadership of Popes Leo IX and Gregory VII?
Priests were not allowed to marry, simony was prohibited, and the church would choose church officials instead of kings or nobles.
What was included in a Knight's code of chivalry?
Protect the weak and poor, be loyal, courageous, and courteous, and compete in tournaments.
Rome's location to the Tiber River did what?
Provided access to the sea
Why did the Renaissance mainly take place in Italy?
Proximity to Rome and Roman culture
Where did the ancient romans bathe and swim?
Public facilities
Which Greek scientist proved the theorem of right triangles?
Pythagoras
What are the three principles of humanism?
Reason, rather that religion, should guide ones thinking, classical texts should form the foundation of knowledge, and scholars should study a broad range of subjects.
Classical education was revived during the _______.
Renaissance
How did Alexander the Great handle Darius III's large army?
Retaliated with even greater force and caused Darius II to flee(the first time) and used superior tactics to win(the final time)
What did the Justinian Code do?
Reviewed and revised existing roman laws(by making a comprehensive list), made a more efficient judicial system, established a national religion(Christianity), and influenced civil law in Europe.
Who led the third crusade?
Richard I and King Phillip II of France
How did Eleanor of Aquitaine continue to influence the monarchy through her sons?
Richard I was a hero in the crusades and John ruled in his absence, assuming the throne in 1199 CE
The Christian faith began in the _______ Empire.
Roman
What was the Spiral of Inflation?
Roman emperors needed money --> Emperors created more coins --> People believed the new coins weren't as valuable --> It required more coins to buy the same amount of goods as before.
The Romans invented _______.
Roman numerals, the Julian Calendar, and concrete
What was the effect of Rome being located in the middle of the Mediterranean region?
Rome became a center for trade
What happened after the Pax Romana ended?
Rome entered an era of political instability
What was an effect of Rome facing attacks on its frontier?
Rome hired mercenaries
What were the Twelve Tables?
Rome's first written laws
Which of these factors contributed to the development of Roman civilization?
Rome's geography protected the city from invaders and Rome's central location made it a center for trade throughout the Mediterranean.
The factor that most contributed to the development of Roman civilization was
Rome's geography.
Where was the High Renaissance centered?
Rome, Italy
Read the scenario. Citizen X has run into some financial troubles. One day, he shows up to work wearing a new watch. A co-worker whose home was recently robbed says, "Hey, my watch! You thief!" Citizen X goes on trial for burglary, but is found not guilty. Based on what happens to Citizen X, under which government does he live?
Rome, because Roman law forces the accuser to have a burden of proof.
How did Henry II reform the legal system?
Royal judges traveled around the kingdom to settle disputes and punish crimes, the use of jury trials was introduced, a system of uniform punishments was established, and the rulings of judges were used to establish a system of common law.
What did Athens do after taking over the Delian League?
Ruled over the city-states involved without giving them a voice in government, forced them to pay tribute, and used military force to encourage obedience.
The Golden Horde was a Mongolian state that ruled
Russia.
What enabled the Mongols to invade Kiev?
Russian rulers were not strong enough to reunify Kiev.
Where did the Vikings come from?
Scandinavia
Where were the Vikings from?
Scandinavia
Which Sultan expanded the Ottoman empire to include Egypt, Syria, and Palestine and was given keys to Mecca to symbolize his leadership of the Islamic world?
Selim I
Patricians elected members to _______.
Senate
What were the political factors that lead to the collapse of the Roman Empire?
Service in government was seen as a burden, there was less interest in the affairs of the government, and decreased support for military service.
Who built the Taj Mahal?
Shah Jahan
Who was Akbar's grandson?
Shah Jahan
Which dynasty was the first to build advanced settlements in China?
Shang
What is the name of Islamic law?
Sharia Law
What was one of Wu Zhao's accomplishments as ruler of the Tang Dynasty?
She oversaw the conquest of Korea.
Which division of Islam believed that the successor to Muhammad should be chosen from his inner circle?
Shi'a Muslims
Who opposed the Umayyads rule and only believed that imams chosen by Allah could interpret the Qur'an?
Shi'a Muslims
Who were the first people to settle in what is now Russia and Ukraine?
Slavs
How did Bantu culture spread across Africa?
Slow migration
Who was married to Ivan III and introduced Byzantine court customs to Moscow, and brought in talented architects to rebuild Moscow?
Sofia, a Byzantine princess
Who created four classes of citizens based on wealth?
Solon
Where is Greece located?
Southeastern Europe
Who won the Peloponnesian War?
Sparta
The Peloponnesian War began after
Sparta attacked Athens by land.
Who founded the Franciscan order, an order for friars?
St. Francis of Assisi
How did Muslim doctors advance and improve the practice of medicine?
Studied how the human body works, recorded information on diseases to understand them better, and created medical schools to train and test new physicians.
What does Islam mean in Arabic?
Submission to the will of Allah
Who oversaw great advances in the arts, architecture, and law in the Ottoman Empire?
Suleyman I
Which sultan created a code of law and expanded the Ottoman Empire into Eastern Europe?
Suleyman the Magnificent
What was Suleyman I also called?
Suleyman the Magnificent and Suleyman the Lawgiver
The name of the first great civilization in Mesopotamia was
Sumer.
Which division of Islam believed that the successor to Muhammad should be chosen from the community?
Sunni Muslims
Who believed that anyone could interpret the Qur'an and anyone could lead prayers?
Sunni Muslims
Who supported the Umayyads?
Sunni Muslims
An important roman historian
Tacitus
What were the keys to the Mongol's success?
Talented generals, organized fighting force, horse-mounted troops, advanced weapons and technology, and cruelty and ruthlessness.
Tang Taizong unified China under the ______ dynasty
Tang
Who used his military skill to extend the size of his empire, reorganized Chinese laws, expanded the use of civil tests for government officials, and reduced taxes for China's peasants?
Tang Taizong
How did the cultural achievements of Tang China influence East Asia?
Tang art inspired Japanese artists who borrowed elements and methods of design.
What long-term economic factors led to the collapse of the Roman Empire?
Taxes went up, and the gap between the rich and poor increased.
What does Islam say about Jesus?
That he was a prophet of Allah but not the son of God.
What humanist ideas did Renaissance philosophy focus on?
That people are basically good, one should use reason and rational thought, and the study of classical thought can help one to learn truth.
Who led during the Golden Age of Islam?
The Abbasids
What two tribes did the Germanic people come from?
The Angles and Saxons.
What was the effect of the spread of Muslim Armies on the Byzantine Empire?
The Arabs captured territory around the Mediterranean but failed to take Constantinople.
Which technological advancement from classical Greece is still used today?
The Archimedean screw
At what battle did William of Normandy defeat his rivals?
The Battle of Hastings
Who had authority of church and state in Constantinople?
The Byzantine Emperor
What happened to the church after the collapse of the Roman Empire?
The Catholic Church grew in power. They were the only unifying power in western Europe and had a strong organization
What was another effect of the crusades?
The Catholic church grew wealthy, increased trade between Europe and Southwest Asia, many Europeans became more religious and willing to sacrifice for their faith, and millions lost their lives.
Why was European society focused on religion during the middle ages?
The Catholic church was the most important political force.
What demonstrated the power of the papacy and the Catholic church?
The Crusades
Before the split in 1054, how did the Eastern Church and the Western Church view the Pope differently?
The Eastern Church completely rejected the Pope's power.
What became of the Eastern Roman Empire after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire?
The Eastern Roman Empire became the Byzantine Empire.
How did the Ottoman Empire change the city of Constantinople?
The Empire changed the city's name to Istanbul, made it the capital, and turned an important church into a mosque.
What were the two main bodies of Athens's direct democracy?
The General Assembly and The Council of 500
What was the Pax Romana also called?
The Golden Age
What was one cultural contribution made by the ancient Greeks?
The Greeks were the first to write dramatic plays.
The first work of Greek literature to be written down was
The Iliad.
How did the Mongols show their religious tolerance in Persia?
The Ilkhanate declared Islam the state religion in 1295 CE and many Mongols in the Golden Horde converted.
The New Kingdom began to decline around 1200 BCE, but what event ultimately brought the era to a close?
The Kush conquered Egypt.
What began the fall of the Song dynasty?
The Mongol Empire invaded
Who were the nomadic people who practiced pastoralism?
The Mongols
What change did the Mongols bring to China?
The Mongols established the Yuan Dynasty.
How did the Mongols respond to the different religions that were practiced in Persia?
The Mongols were tolerant of the different religions.
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
The Mongols(Kublai Khan)
How was the Mughal Empire different from the Safavid Empire?
The Mughal Empire was a blend of cultures, while the Safavid Empire was a uniform state.
Early Christianity accepted aspects of Judaism and incorporated them into the religion. How are these elements of Judaism still visible in modern Christianity?
The New Testament references some Jewish teachings.
Who demanded the Twelve Tables?
The Plebeians
How did Spain retake control of its government and expel its Muslim and Jewish population?
The Reconquista
What was the lasting effect of the Roman Catholic Church becoming the official church of the Roman Empire?
The Roman Catholic Church dominated European society for one thousand years.
Which aspect of the Roman Catholic Church established in the 300s remains today?
The Roman Catholic Church's leader is still the bishop of Rome, or the pope.
How did Roman education influence Western civilization?
The Roman course of study focused on the humanities.
What did the Rus do that led to the eventual influence of the Byzantine Empire on Russia?
The Rus established a strong trading relationship with Constantinople.
What eastern European group was mostly an agricultural society that settled in what would now be Russia and Ukraine beginning in the 700s?
The Slavs
What was an accomplishment by the Song Dynasty of China?
The Song rulers expanded the use of coinage and paper currency.
Which Chinese dynasty experienced the golden age?
The Tang dynasty
What was an accomplishment by the Tang Dynasty of China?
The Tang rulers established a system of coinage.
Who created the concept of the hereditary line of succession?
The Umayyads
What group founded the city of Kiev, were called the Rus, ruled over the Slavic people, established a strong trading relationship with Constantinople, and first came as traders before returning as invaders?
The Vikings
What group was known for their seamanship and fighting abilities and were more interested in pillaging than establishing permanent settlements?
The Vikings
How did the power of the Catholic Church expand in the Middle Ages?
The church assumed governmental duties and created a church hierarchy.
What happened in the great Schism?
The church permanently split into east(eastern orthodox) and west(roman catholic), just as the roman empire did.
Why did the Tang Dynasty face difficulties toward the end of its reign?
The economy struggled as China became unable to protect its long-distance trade routes.
What did the Concordat of Worms accomplish?
The emperor recognized the church's authority to appoint bishops, Henry V was recognized by the church as the lawful emperor, and the emperor was given the power to veto the pope's appointment of bishops.
What advice does Taizong give on the best way to rule?
The emperor should ask family members to become involved in governing the empire.
What statement best describes the relationship between the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire and the Church?
The emperors needed the Church to maintain power.
How was the ancient Roman family organized?
The father had complete control over all members of the family.
What was one of the primary results of Chinese civilizations settling in river valleys?
The fertile land supported a food surplus.
How was the social hierarchy in the Yuan dynasty arranged?
The highest positions in government were taken by Mongols or to foreign allies, the civil service exam that had been used to choose government officials was abandoned, and peasants were often forces to work for the government
What is the Qur'an?
The holy book of Islam
What best describes the homes in which peasants lived?
The homes housed both people and animals.
What effect did the Mongol invasion have on Kiev?
The invasion destroyed Kiev and power shifted to Moscow.
What were the details of the Magna Carta?
The king could not interfere with the church, no one could be imprisoned without legal cause, the king could not collect or raise taxes without the consent of the council, the king could not take away someone's land without legal causes or compensation, and free men had a right to a jury trial.
Why was the king of France more powerful than the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire?
The king created a centralized government.
What statement best defines the term Exodus?
The large migration of a group of people.
Who did Muslims believe Muhammad was?
The last prophet of God
How did canon law differ from governmental law?
The law included various beliefs of the Church.
Why did people come from all over the world to Alexandria
The library and the information it held
What factors led to the downfall of the Mongol Empire?
The loss of tradition, the Khanates growing independent, the Mongols struggling to govern a large empire, and the Mongols making many powerful enemies who wanted to overthrow them.
What innovation allowed China to become "a power at sea".
The magnetic compass
How did the feudal system protect a lord as well as his peasants?
The manor had everything needed to live, and was surrounded by those sworn to protect it.
How did the threat of invasion lead to the development of the manor system?
The manor system offered people protection.
How did the monarch of France differ from the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire?
The monarch openly defied a decision by the pope.
What is one way government changed in Athens during the Golden Age?
The number of paid officials increased, which was beneficial to the lower class citizens who served in office.
papacy
The office of the pope
How does this Russian church reflect the influence of the Byzantine Empire?
The onion-shaped domes reflect the influence of the Byzantine Empire.
What was included in the local church?
The parish priest celebrated Mass and administered the sacraments, the church required every member to pay tithe, or tax to support the church
which statement fits the ideas of Athenian democracy?
The people hold the power collectively.
Which explains why Romans were upset by the emperor's decision to create more coins?
The people needed more coins to buy the same amount of food as before.
Was is Humanism focused upon?
The potential of human achievement
Who was the most powerful prince in Russia during the Mongols rule?
The prince of Moscow
What are the effects of the fall of Constantinople?
The relocation of the Orthodox Church into Russia, the spread of Islamic culture, the decline of Christian rule, and the breakup of the Byzantine empire.
Which idea was supported by both Plato and Aristotle?
The rule of law is needed to protect against tyranny.
What is the best description of Richard the Lionhearted?
The son of Eleanor, he was a hero of the Crusades.
Why was the Ottoman empire successful due to their complex and efficient system of government?
The sultan was the supreme political and military leader, non-Muslims had religious freedom, and enslaved people of the devshirme system held government positions, were used as Janissaries or soldiers.
What was the Natural Law?
The universe is subject to absolute and unchanging laws that can be understood by reason and logic.
Who claimed authority over the churches of the Byzantine Empire?
The western pope
What happened to Athens after the Peloponnesian War?
Their government failed, they lost power and influence, and the economy went into decline. (they also owed many city-states money)
What were the subjects, themes, and appearances of the middle ages?
Themes were almost always religious in nature, paintings appeared flat and unrealistic, and ordinary people rarely appeared in paintings.
Who passed laws for women's rights in the Byzantine Empire?
Theodora
What was an effect of the decline in trade after the fall of the Roman Empire?
There was a shift to a rural society.
Which aspect of the Roman Empire aided in the spread of Christianity?
There were many roads and waterways, and travel was safe.
Why are advancements in areas such as science considered essential in the development of a great civilization?
These advancements impact the global influence of civilization.
Why are empires and civilizations so intent on producing works of artistic and cultural significance?
These works help to ensure the legacy of an empire.
Why are peninsulas helpful?
They are protected by water on all but one side
What do Islam, Christianity, and Judaism have in common?
They believe Abraham is a prophet of God, and share many figures.
How did people during the Zhou Dynasty perceive natural disasters such as floods or famine?
They believed it indicated the rulers were not following the Mandate of Heaven.
What element do Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur share?
They both are considered high holy days.
In what way were noble ladies and peasant women alike?
They both cared for children.
How did the Romans bring fresh water to their cities?
They built a system of aqueducts.
What happened when Alexander the great invaded Egypt?
They crowned him Pharaoh and he founded the city of Alexandria.
What were the negative effects of the Mongol conquests?
They destroyed the human populations in many areas(which never recovered), destroyed infrastructure(including irrigation), and destroyed mosques in Persia and churched in eastern Europe
What was the cause of the Great Schism of 1054 between the Byzantine and Roman Catholic churches?
They disagreed about the language in which church services should be conducted and they disagreed regarding who held ultimate authority over the churches.
After the division of Constantinople(east) and Rome(west), what happened in the churches?
They diverged into the Eastern and Western church.
What role did the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers play in the development of civilization?
They enriched the soil and helped farmers grow food surpluses.
Why were Arab settlers particularly influential along the Swahili Coast?
They established many of the trading cities.
What was a main purpose of monasteries built by the Catholic Church?
They gave aid to travelers and sick or poor people.
What were the characteristics of the merchant class that ruled the Italian city-states?
They grew very wealthy and powerful, married into noble families and became leaders of the Catholic church, became important patrons of the arts, and educated their sons in the classics.
What best describes Roman women?
They had many more rights than other women of the time.
How did Egypt's main crops of papyrus and cereals best contribute to the development of the civilization?
They had many uses at home and could be traded for other goods.
What were the duties of a peasant woman?
They milked cows, collected eggs, helped care for gardens and livestock, cooked, baked, made and washed cloth and clothes, aided in field labor, and cared for children
What did the Abbasids do?
They moved the capital to Baghdad, focused expansion eastward toward India, and promoted trade, arts, and sciences.
Who led the Bantu people?
They organized villages around kinship and were led by a council of elders
How are modern-day Shona similar to their ancestors?
They raise cattle and cultivate sorghum.
Why did city-states in the Delian League revolt against Athens?
They resented not having a say in the government.
What did Nobles do in medieval society?
They ruled territory with little interference from monarchs, distributed parts of their estate to vassals in exchange for services, provided the peasants with work, land, and protection, and included high office-holders of the clergy.
What was the purpose of cathedrals in Europe?
They served as centers of worship in cities and larger communities, represented the glory of God, took generations to construct, paid for by ordinary people through their tithes and donations, and introduced the Gothic style of architecture.
What best describes why other peoples most likely moved into Bantu territory?
They sought a more hospitable climate.
If a group of people pillaged a town, what did they do to the town?
They took valuable items from the town.
What was the relationship between the Shona people and the groups along the Swahili Coast?
They traded with each other.
How are knights trained from their childhood?
They train as a page, then as a squire, then in military campaigns, and finally as a knight.
Why did the Ottomans have such success militarily?
They used gunpowder
Why did church leaders oppose the practice of simony?
They viewed it as a corruption of power.
What was the most distinguishing factor of the Minoans?
They were a great seagoing power.
What was the typical situation for a serf in the early middle ages?
They were bound to the lord's land, they could not marry or change their occupation without the lord's approval, their children were serfs, and they could not move from the bottom rung of the hierarchy until their lord freed them.
What ended the Athenian Empire?
They were forced to surrender by the Spartans.
How did the lives of peasants change under the government of Wu Di?
They were required to work for the government one month per year.
What did the peasants do in the early middle ages?
They were required to work for the lord, cared for the lord's animals and maintained the manor, and worked dawn to dusk, six days a week.
How many followers did Jesus attract?
Thousands
Edicts of Ashoka
Three guiding principles, Based on dharma or moral law, Ahisma, Tolerance, Well being
On which river was Rome located?
Tiber
Rome's geographic advantages included its location on the
Tiber River
What were the goals of the crusades?
To "liberate" Jerusalem from Muslim control, stop the spread of Muslim rule, and recapture lands that had been Christan
What were the reasons for people answering the call for the crusade?
To defend Christianity, to earn money, and to save their souls
What was an effect of the collapse of the Roman empire on things like population and the economy?
Trade collapsed, the population dropped after cities were abandoned, and the economy shifted from one based on trade to one based on rural agriculture.
What were the contributing factors to the spread of Islam?
Trade, Missionary trips, and Military conquest
True or False: Ancient peoples from across Asia, Africa, and Europe traveled the Silk Road.
True
True or False: Christianity stressed love and acceptance of all, especially the poor and weak.
True
True or False: Constantine was a devout Christian.
True
True or False: Constantinople was an important trading center
True
True or False: Italy was divided into many small states, each centered around a city.
True
True or False: Jesus was Jewish.
True
True or False: Kublai Khan increased trade and prosperity and also conquered and unified China.
True
True or False: Languages and words used throughout southern Africa are related to an early Bantu language.
True
True or False: The Italians (during the Renaissance) were the first to truly look into the deep meanings of writing.
True
True or False: The Mongols allowed Russia's princes to rule for them, went to war against the enemies of their Mongol leaders, and said princes collected tribute for Mongol rulers.
True
True or False: The Plebeians supported Julius Caesar
True
True or False: The crusaders succeeded in overtaking Constantinople but were forced to defend the city for almost a century.
True
True or False: Women in ancient Rome could own property and businesses.
True
What did the roman executive branch consist of?
Two Consuls
DId women have more freedom under the Abbasids or Umayyads?
Umayyads
If Hindu troops won a major battle against their enemies, whom would they praise for his guidance?
Vishnu
What happened in the Roman empire one the empire had fallen?
Warrior kings became rulers, they had tradition and community rules instead of a written code of laws, there were small warrior bands loyal to their leader instead of a professional military, and personal ties and relationships governed society instead of citizenship and loyalty to the empire.
Who united the kingdom of England with much of modern-day France despite not knowing how to read, write, or speak English?
William the Conquerer
How did Rome take over the Mediterranean?
Winning the Punic Wars
How did the Greeks influence technology today?
With the construction crane,
How did the Greeks influence technology today?
With the construction crane, plumbing and showers, and the Archimedean Screw(water screw.)
Who played an important role in compiling the Qur'an under Umayyad rule?
Women
What did Thomas Aquinas believe the role of women should be?
Women should allow men to make the decisions in a family.
Which ruler who lived from 624-705 CE oversaw the conquest of Korea and won respect for her ability to lead the government and was also seen as a kind and fair ruler?
Wu Zhao
What happened during the decline of Kiev?
Yaroslav(the ruler at the time) died(Kiev was divided among his sons), His sons battled(Kiev was never reunified), and the Mongols invaded(they destroyed Kiev).
The official religion of the Roman Empire was a form of paganism in which worshippers prayed to Roman gods and the emperor. In Judea, was there any freedom of religion under Roman rule?
Yes, Jews were able to practice their religion.
would it be difficult for another country to attack Greece?
Yes, because mountains are a barrier on one side and Greece could defend its coastline.
Did the Muslims practuce religious tolerance?
Yes, especially toward Jews and Christians due to their ties to Islam, however they were taxed, could not proselytize, but could hold positions of leadership.
Did Mehmed II tolerance religious diversity?
Yes, he did
After conquering China, the Mongols created the
Yuan Dynasty.
The people of Mesopotamia were protected by the
Zagros and Taurus Mountains.
During which Chinese dynasty was Confucius born?
Zhou
Which Chinese dynasty lasted the longest?
Zhou Dynasty
What nation do the current-day Shona people inhabit?
Zimbabwe
indulgence
a Catholic practice that allowed priests to lessen the punishment for sins
Protestant
a Christian church that is not part of the Catholic or Eastern Orthodox faiths
What did the Caliphate create to oversee the empire?
a beuracracy
Who was Babur?
a brilliant military general that respected the beliefs of his conquered people
What type of bureaucracy did the caliphate create?
a bureaucracy where only Muslims held all positions of power
coronation
a ceremony in which a king or queen is crowned and begins to reign
tithe
a church tax, usually 10 percent of one's income Church Authority in Europe
What was the effect of Julius Caesar marching on Rome after refusing to let go of some of his power?
a civil war
What happened after Julius Caesar was assassinated?
a civil war broke out
How did the crusade end?
a compromise with Saladin
What best describes the Shona leadership?
a council of elders
kinship
a family relationship
The story of the city's origins was based on
a foundation myth
Democracy
a government that is ruled by its citizens
secret police
a government-run organization that investigates and prosecutes those suspected of disloyalty to the government
Vikings
a group of Scandinavian warriors who raided Europe from the 8th to the 10th centuries
Slavs
a group of many nationalities who speak similar languages and who live primarily in Eastern and Central Europe
What is an absolute ruler?
a leader who rules with unlimited power and authority
How many people in Europe were peasants or serfs?
a majority
courtier
a member of a royal court, usually a noble
Hun
a member of a warrior class of nomadic people from Asia
Anglo-Saxon
a member of the Germanic peoples the Angles, the Saxons, and Jutes who settled in Britain.
What did roman religion not provide?
a moral code
The Roman religion did not include ______________.
a moral code of behavior.
What did Mehmed II turn the Hagia Sofia into?
a mosque
What is Peloponnese?
a peninsula
Renaissance
a period of tremendous intellectual, artistic, and social change in Europe that lasted from about 1300 to 1600
What was an important factor in the decline of the Byzantine Empire?
a persistent plague
heretic
a person who holds a religious idea that is rejected as false by a church authority
purgatory
a place where some Christians believe their soul must wait until it is ready to enter heaven
What is a direct democracy?
a political system in which the people make decisions about the issues that affect them
excommunication
a punishment that removes someone from membership in the church
Where were the results of William the Conqueror's census published?
a record called Domesday Book
predestination
a religious belief that God has already chosen which people will receive salvation
Calvinism
a religious movement founded by John Calvin that stressed predestination and an individual connection to Goda religious movement founded by John Calvin that stressed predestination and an individual connection to God
inflation
a rise in prices for goods and services
What was Christianity seen as in the beginning?
a sect of Judaism
What scenario best illustrates Aristotle's belief in the rule of law?
a senator getting arrested for theft
Toward the end of the Tang Dynasty, the government faced
a series of rebellions in the outer areas.
Where was Kilwa located?
a small island off the Swahili coast
principality
a small territory that is ruled by a prince
Feudalism
a socioeconomic system in which land is exchanged for service
mercenary
a soldier who fights only for pay and not loyalty to a country
Gothic
a style of architecture introduced in the middle ages, characterized by pointed arches
limited democracy
a system in which some but not all people have a say in decisions
naturalism
a trend in art that focuses on the natural, visible world rather than the spiritual world
By 900 CE, Kiev controlled the large area between the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea, which made Kiev
a very powerful state.
humanism
a way of thinking that focuses on human potential and believes that reason, rather than religion, should guide one's thinking about the world
patron
a wealthy person who supports an artist or writer
What were the reasons for the fall of the Byzantine Empire?
a wide spread disease that killed many people, the split of the Christian Church, and invasions from Arab Muslims
Magna Carta
a written document designed to limit the power of the king
What did Pericles state should determine ones right to serve?
ability
Romans used mathematics for _______, _______, and ________.
accounting, architecture and engineering, surveying land.
Where did advancements in science, technology, and math in the Tang and Song dynasties spread to?
across Asia, to the Muslim world, and to Europe
In the first one hundred years after Muhammad's death, how far did Islam spread?
across the Middle East, North Africa, and into Europe
When did Wu Zhao become a ruler?
after the death of her husband
When did Jesus begin his public ministry?
age 30
In which of these areas were the early Bantu successful thanks in part to their ironworking skills? Check all that apply.
agriculture, trade, and warfare
Who was in the General Assembly?
all Athenian citizens
Who was able to present laws for debate and vote in assembly after 508 BCE?
all citizens
What did Aristotle believe about the rule of law?
all people, rich or poor, should be subject to the law
The teachings of Jesus could be best described as a focus on acceptance and love for
all, especially the poor and weak
Hemmurabi's code
allowed for the presentation of evidence
When river waters recede after floods, the uncovered soil is described as
alluvial.
How long did the Peloponnesian War last?
almost 30 years
what are comedies?
amusing stories with happy endings
Cyrillic
an alphabet used for Slavic languages, such as Russian, that is adapted from the Greek alphabet
perspective
an artistic technique used to give an ilusion of space and depth
realism
an artistic trend to portray subject matter in an accurate and lifelike manner
manor system
an economic system in which most people work as peasants for a lord
A long, narrative poem about a heroic figure is
an epic.
lot
an object used to make a random decision
Which civilizations' territories were conquered by Alexander?
ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, and the Persian Empire
Where did the idea of the republic originate?
ancient Greece
Where were the first heated swimming pools built?
ancient Rome
The religious beliefs of the early Bantu and Shona both involved the practice of
animism
What were the religious practices of the Bantu people?
animism and ancestor worship
What did the Romans build out of concrete and wood for the lower class?
apartment-style buildings
lay investiture
appointment of church officials by non church authorities
This is a photograph of a Roman
aqueduct.
The ______ was a Greek architectural component that was perfected by the romans, used for both decorative and engineering purposes.
arch
What church leaders were immediately below cardinals in the Catholic Church hierarchy?
archbishops
Why was art created during the middle ages?
art was generally created for the Roman Catholic Church(for the purpose of teaching a lesson and to support the role of the church).
What did Jesus do after his resurrection?
ascend into heaven
Who elected consuls?
assemblies(plebeians)
How were council members chosen for assemblies?
at random
How were jurors selected?
at random
During the Renaissance, Italian cities became centers of
banking
A Umayyad woman would most likely
be able to open her own business
With Caesar Augustus's rise to power, Rome
became a powerful empire.
Why did people say "all roads lead to Rome?"
because every road in the Roman Empire lead to the capital city
Read this excerpt from a book of rules for monks. Idleness is the enemy of the soul. And therefore, at fixed times, the brothers ought to be occupied in manual labour; and again, at fixed times, in sacred reading. On the basis of this excerpt, what is of central importance for a monk?
being busy in one way or another
Which concept is an inherent element in the Muslim belief system?
being obedient to the will of God
Shi'a is a division of Islam who
believe only close relatives and friends of Muhammad should succeed him.
The Western Church claimed authority over the Eastern Church because the Pope
believed he had power over both churches.
Leaders of the Eastern and Western churches both
believed they had complete power.
People began to study classical thought during the Renaissance to
better themselves.
When did the Bantu begin to migrate east and south?
between 2000 and 1000 BCE
Which achievement did the Old Kingdom and the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt have in common?
both built great monuments
How were verdicts decided in Athenian courts?
bronze ballot
What were the Twelve tables written on?
bronze tablets in public places.
How did religion unify medieval society?
by including all social classes in the religious community
How did Pericles strengthen the Athenian government?
by introducing a direct democracy
How did Otto I gain support from many Church bishops?
by using the power of lay investiture
Alexandria
center of trade and civilization following the conquest of Alexander the Great
How long did the conflict in Anatolia last during the rise of Islam in the Byzantine Empire?
centuries
The writers of the United States Constitution were specifically influenced by the Magna Carta when they guaranteed that
citizens accused of crimes would be entitled to a trial by jury.
Direct Democracy
citizens vote directly on issues
What does Zimbabwe mean?
city of stone
the large family groups of the bedouins were called
clans
During the Renaissance, many thinkers began seeking wisdom in _______ works, including the writings of Aristotle and Plato.
classical
Well-educated people during the Renaissance learned
classical Latin.
What did artwork and architecture of the Renaissance often incorporate?
classical architecture, classical mythology, and classical sculpture
monastery
community of people who have taken religious vows (ex monks)
What happened economically during the Dark Ages?
complex economic systems such as taxation, trade, and the use of money deteriorated
What Roman developments are used in society today?
concrete, Roman numerals, sewage systems, and architecture
What items did the people of Great Zimbabwe take to the markets of the Swahili Coast?
copper, crops, gold, and ivory
What would cause the fall of the caliphate/umayyads?
corruption
The romans created weapons that _______.
could be easily disassembled and transported
During the Golden Age of Athens, male citizens
could hold an office if they were chosen by lot.
comprehensive
covering or including everything
What was God stated to have done for the faithful?
created an eternal kingdom in heaven
What was a cultural effect of trade in the Arab Peninsula?
cultural exchanges
What groups did Zimbabwe participate in trade with?
culture groups in eastern Africa along the Swahili Coast
the setting and the landscape
da Vinci.
What forms of art flourished during the Tang dynasty's golden age?
dance, poetry, sculptures, and music
What is the Arabian Peninsula covered with?
desert
Did Athenian society have direct democracy or a representative democracy?
direct democracy
Romans used _________ to study the human body.
dissections
Steppe
dry, grassy plains in southeastern Europe and northern Asia
When was one supposed to fast in Islam?
during Ramadan
When were many of the most famous works of the Renaissance created?
during the High Renaissance
When did feudalism begin?
during the period of Viking, Magyar, and Muslim invasions
When King Menes united the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt by establishing a succession of rulers from the same family, he founded the first Egyptian
dynasty.
Mughal emperor Akbar showed respect for religious diversity by
easing enforcement of Islamic law.
When the Bantu began to migrate away from the western part of central Africa, they moved
east
What type of system was a manor system?
economic and social
During the Renaissance, more Europeans became increasingly interested in
education and the arts.
The Renaissance witnessed a rejuvenation of interest in ______ and the _____.
education, arts
Indirect Democracy
elected leaders represent citizens in government
Athens led a group of city-states following the
end of the Persian Wars.
Janissaries
enslaved people who served the Ottoman Empire
The early Bantu's agricultural practices distinguished them from other cultural groups of this era because the Bantu
established villages and stayed in one place.
What did the William the Conqueror's census count?
every manor, head of household, and farm animal
Why did religion unify people in the feudal system?
everyone recognized the authority of the church, everyone belonged to the same religion, and everyone followed the same path to salvation
Mehmed II and Suleiman I were similar in that they
expanded the Ottoman Empire.
What are the achievements of the Safavid Dynasty?
expelling enemy invaders and protecting the empire's borders, instituting Shia Islam as the state religion, and increasing the silk trade with India
Which job might be held by someone in a mid-level caste?
farmer
In ancient Rome, the ________ had complete control over the household.
father
In the feudal system, a land grant was called a
fief
Early irrigation systems brought river water to
fields.
The Roman Empire created the world's first
firefighting brigades.
How was gunpowder used in the Tang and Song dynasties?
fireworks and for the military
How was prayer conducted in Islam?
five times a day, facing mecca
How did Christians believe that they would attain salvation?
following the teachings of Jesus
The manor system provided peasants not only protection from invaders, but also
food and shelter.
Renaissance writers wrote:
for self expression, to celebrate individuality, and in the vernacular.
Unhappy with King John's rule, a group of English nobles
forced him to sign the Magna Carta.
What were Chinese artists influenced by?
foreign culture brought by Arab and Persian traders
What was one condition of the settlement between Richard I and Saladin?
freedom of trade between Europeans and Muslims in the region.
How long did William the Conqueror rule England?
from 1066-1087 CE
How long did Henry II rule England?
from 1154-1189 CE
How long did the Renaissance last?
from 1300-1600 CE
How long did the Great Schism(church) last?
from 1378-1417 CE
How long did the High Renaissance last?
from 1490-1527 CE
For how long did the statesman Pericles strengthen Athenian democracy?
from 461-429 BCE
How long did Muhammad live?
from 570-632 CE
How long did the Viking, Magyar, and Muslim invasions last?
from 800-1000 CE
How did Charlemagne gain his authority?
from his coronation
The leader of the Athenian Empire worked to
give citizens direct input into the government.
What were alms in Islam?
giving to the poor and needy
What was being traded with Zimbabwe?
gold, ivory, copper, crops, and animals in exchange for porcelain, cloth, and beads
What was traded between the Swahili trade cities?
gold, ivory, iron, and animals. slaves were also sold.
The area of Rome had _____ and ______
good farmland, abundant natural resources
The Byzantine legal system is best described as a combination of
government laws and local customs.
The Founding Fathers of the United States were influenced by Cicero's ideas about
government.
What did the church do in spite of the persecution of Christians in Rome?
grow
What was one notable invention during the Tang Dynasty?
gunpowder
The Roman emperor Diocletian was an absolute ruler. This means that he
had unlimited power and authority.
about ______ of all English words have Latin roots.
half
Which word best describes Hammurabi's Code?
harsh
Read this law from the Twelve Tables. 23. A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be hurled down from the Tarpeian Rock. It is clear from this law that the punishment for someone not telling the truth in court was __________.
harsh.
What happened when Muhammad went to medina?
he attracted thousands of followers and became a religious and political leader.
How did Martin Luther's practices and core beliefs differ from that of the church?
he believed that only faith brought salvation, however the church believed that faith and good works brought salvation. He believed that all Christians were equal under the eyes of god while the Catholic church stated that priests and popes were closer to god. he also believed that the bible should be translated so anyone could read it, while the catholic church stated that the bible were to remain in Latin as to keep everyone but priests from reading and interpreting it.
Why did Muhammad leave Mecca?
he faced opposition from the city's leaders
What did Muhammad do?
he was a political, military, and religious leader
What was Muhammad in his early life?
he was a trader until he recieved a message from the angel Gabriel
How did The Council of 500 assist the General Assembly?
helped run the city-state when the assembly could not meet
Which food prepared for Seder represents the bitterness of slavery?
horseradish
How long did the Bantu migration last?
hundreds of years
List states events of Alexander the Great's conquests in the correct chronological order
i. Alexander attacked Anatolia. ii. Alexander invaded Egypt. iii. Alexander conquered Persia. iv. Alexander returned to Babylon.
List the states events of the Mongol Empire in the correct chronological order?
i. The Mongols united their tribes. ii. The Mongols invaded Kiev. iii. The Mongols captured Baghdad. iv. The Mongols took over China.
What were Greek sculptures characterized by?
ideal, lifelike bodies, and calmness or little emotion
Classical Greek sculpture was characterized by the portrayal of
idealized, lifelike bodies.
vernacular
in a language common to an area or people as opposed to a formal, scholarly language
When and where did democracy begin?
in ancient Greek city-states during the 500s and 400s BCE
vassal
in feudalism, a lord who receives land and owes service
fief
in feudalism, the land granted to a vassal in exchange for service
What were the effects of the crusades in the Muslim world?
increased distrust of Europeans, decreased religious tolerance among Muslims, accelerated decline of Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire, and weakened the Muslim empires, making it more difficult for them to defend against the Mongol invasions of the 1200s.
What did expansion grant the Ottoman Empire?
increasing control of trade through the region
What type of democracy did the Roman Republic have?
indirect
A new idea that Cervantes celebrates in Don Quixote is
individuality
What were priests selling that caused Martin Luther to claim the church was implying that people could buy their way into heaven?
indulgences
What were in the Gospels?
information concerning the life of Jesus
How was the Roman Empire divided during the Dark Ages?
into dozens of small kingdoms with no written laws
After the Hellenistic civilization came to an end,
it affected European arts and culture for thousands of years
How large is the Swahili Coast?
it extends from Somalia to Mozambique
What happened to the Roman Empire after the death of Constantinople?
it fell into decline
In the current day, what remains of Swahili culture?
it is spread throughout countries such as Tanzania and Kenya, a common Swahili language is still spoken, and it is still greatly influenced by Muslim culture.
What was The Prince about?
it was a guidebook on how to acquire and maintain power.
The Great Schism of 1378 differed from the one in 1054 because
it was based on a power struggle.
One of the elements that makes the painting a major Renaissance work of art is
its use of realism.
The social hierarchy that was established in China by the Mongols
kept the Chinese people separate from the Mongols.
What jobs would the plebeians have?
laborers, merchants, farmers, and artisans
What did noble families fight over during the Warring States period?
land and resources
What does "Mesopotamia" mean?
land between the rivers
What best defines common law?
law based on precedent
The Western Church and the Eastern Church differed in what area?
leadership
The Twelve Tables of the Roman Republic were a written
legal code.
King Henry II is best known for his improvements to the English
legal system.
Latin is still used today for ____, ____, and ____ terms.
legal, scientific, medical
How long was a term as a Senator or Assembly member?
life
Compared with Medieval art, Renaissance art often appeared to be
lifelike
The romans built arches using ______.
lighter bricks
What was agriculture like in the Arabian Peninsula like?
limited due to the desert
What happened to literature during the Dark ages?
literacy, education, and production of written works declined
One of the first things Vladimir I did after he became the ruler of Kiev was to
make Orthodox Christianity the state religion.
What did the Bantu's skill in ironwork allow them to do?
make tools for agriculture, trade with hunter-gatherers for other items, conquer other peoples who used stone or wood weapons
The collapse of the Roman Empire most likely helped empower the Catholic Church because
many Europeans yearned for a strong force to unite them.
Including lay investiture, was were the other signs of corruption in the church?
many clergy were abandoning their vows of poverty, many priests were married with families, and many high positions in the church were being sold in a practice called simony.
Muslim scholars refined and improved
many earlier inventions and theories
The Romans were polytheistic, meaning that they worshipped
many gods.
who supported the fourth crusade?
merchants in Venice, as Constantinople was their commercial rival
The two assemblies that made up the Roman senate were
military and tribal.
Sikhism
monotheistic religion that concentrates on doing good works
What is considered the highest form of artistic expression in the Islamic culture?
mosques
What was one notable invention during the Song Dynasty?
moveable type
nomdic
moving from place to place rather than living in a permanent settlement
The Ottoman Empire under Suleiman is best characterized as a
multicultural Sunni Islamic state.
Compared with Medieval art, a major theme in Renaissance art was
nature
Was there an emperor in the western roman empire?
no, the pope held the authority
Were priests allowed to marry in the Roman Catholic Church?
no, they were not
annul
official Catholic invalidation of a marriage
sacrament
one of several important Christian ceremonies, such as marriage and baptism
Khanate
one of several independent sections of the larger Mongolian Empire
Shi'a
one of two major divisions within Islam, who believe only Muhammad's closest relatives and friends should succeed him
Sunni
one of two major divisions within Islam, who recognize the first four caliphs as Muhammad's rightful successors
Who were citizens under the Umayyads?
only Muslims
Who were the consuls until 367 BCE
only Patricians
Who was usually in an Athenian jury?
only males over 30
In what form did the Sanskrit language originate?
oral
The keys to the success of the Mongolian military in the 1200s included
organized troops on horseback.
What trading elements did the Ottoman Empire have?
overland routes from the Balkans through Anatolia, sea trade through the red sea and black sea, and a network of caravanserai that protected merchants and traders
Women in Roman society had the right to
own property.
Who did the crusaders target in the Baltics?
pagans
In Rome's legislative branch, plebeians served in the Assemblies while the Senate's members were
patricians.
During the Renaissance, Italian artists were supported by wealthy
patrons
Supporters of art during the Renaissance were called
patrons
What was Jesus was believed to have done?
performed many miracles
Roman religion was heavily focused on ___________.
performing rituals to please the gods
What were luxury items were traded in the Arab peninsula?
perfumes and ivory
What did Paul of Tarsus do in his early life?
persecute Christians
The artistic technique used in this painting is best described as
perspective
What did the Macedonians do upon marching through Persia?
plundered and took over each city
Great works of roman literature included ________, _______, _________, and _______.
poetry, history, philosophy, rhetoric.
The Pax Romana ended in 180 CE after over one hundred fifty years in existence. The end of this era ushered in a period of
political instability.
The romans were _____.
polytheistic
As a leader of Florence, Cosimo de' Medici was best characterized as a
pope
What were the differences between the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire and the monarchs of France and England?
power was shifted to the nobles of the Holy Roman empire as the emperors were elected; France and England created strong central governments(the Holy Roman Empire could not build strong central governments). France and England forged strong national identities and had strong monarchies while the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire had to compromise and share power.
Theodora was considered the most _______ woman in Byzantine history.
powerful
The Romans were more concerned with the ______ use of science.
practical
What did The Council of 500 do?
prepared laws for the assembly to vote on
What was faith in Islam?
proclaim that "there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is his prophet"
How was trade being conducted in the Swahili trading cities?
products were traded between the African interior and lands across the sea and across the sahara
what did a Vassal get in exchange for giving their loyalty and military service to a lord?
protection and land
A vassal offered a lord loyalty in exchange for
protection.
What did knights do?
provided personal and military services to nobles. they also pledged loyalty to a lord, made a Christian vow of faithfulness, and their eldest son inherited their position.
Rome was influenced by Greek culture due to
proximity to Greece
What did the romans create that was more sanitary than many european civilizations?
public bathrooms with underground sewer systems that drained into the tiber river
How did romans spread their medical knowledge?
publication of books
What did the church's court system do?
punished wrongdoers, settled disputes, and authorized punishments(including excommunication)
According to humanist thinkers, political decisions should be based on
rational thought.
What did Greek philosophers use to answer questions about society and the universe?
reason and logic
Why did the Tang Dynasty have difficulty governing their large empire?
rebellions broke out against central rule and the economy struggled(starting in 907).
What does the word Renaissance mean?
rebirth
What was a priority for Justinian I?
reconquering lost lands
What does Sharia Law do?
regulates moral conduct, family life, businesses, and communities and is based on the Qur'an.
The ____________ marks the beginning of the Roman Empire.
reign of Augustus
Hellenistic
relating to Greek culture following the reign of Alexander the Great
classical
relating to the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome, especially with regard to art, philosophy, and literature
During the Renaissance, people began to question
religious ideas
In general, the Mughal Empire supported
religious tolerance.
A local church served as a _______ religious and _______ center
religious, social
A republic is a government run by
representatives of the people.
In the sixth century, Rome became a(n)
republic.
According to Christian tradition, he was executed, then rose again from the dead, an event called the __________. This event is celebrated on the Christian holiday of _________.
resurrection, Easter
The Song Dynasty succeeded in
reunifying several kingdoms.
The roman religion was focused on ____________.
rituals to please the gods
The romans built new _________.
roads and weapons
The Via Appia was one of the earliest Roman
roads.
What was Jesus sent for?
saving mankind from sin
Renaissance art often included influences from ancient Greek and Roman
sculpture and architecture.
Roman art included ______, _____, and _____.
sculpture, fresco, mosaic
The Roman philosophy of stoicism promoted
self-control.
Which feature of the Roman government is also found in the US government?
separation of powers among different branches of government
What are tragedies?
serious stories about human emotions, often with sad or tragic heros
The Fertile Crescent is named after its
shape.
Compared with Medieval art, the purpose of Renaissance art was to
show the wealth of patrons.
What trait was most important to Genghis Khan when promoting generals?
skill in battle
Many families in ancient Rome had
slaves.
A mosaic was made from
small, colored tiles.
The roman legislative brand was often made up of ______.
soldiers
How much religious freedom did the romans allow the Jews?
some
Martyr
someone who chooses to die rather than to deny their religious beliefs
Where is Zimbabwe?
southeastern Africa
What were Disciples tasked with?
spreading the Christian faith
How did Emperor Diocletian help inflation?
standardized coins and fixed prices
What word would describe the social hierarchy established in the Yuan dynasty?
strict
What was the purpose of the Dominican order?
study and scholarship
Pious Muslims are told to behave in what way in Allah's presence?
submissive
What did the Minoans have?
successful traders, Crete as a location, polytheistic religion with female gods
The romans improved _______.
sundials and aqueducts
After the Roman Empire collapsed, the Catholic Church began to unify Europe by
taking on many duties of a government.
What were the abilities of a Renaissance man?
talented in many areas of study(language, mathematics, history, and philosophy), able to sing, dance, and play a musical instrument, and athletic and skilled with a sword.
How did the two kings raise money for the crusades?
taxes on the population
What were Martin Luther's complaints against the churches?
that he didn't approve of the church's belief that only priests could forgive sin and the extravagant lifestyle of the pope and other church leaders.
What did Aristotle believe about democracy?
that it could be dangerous
What did Plato believe about government?
that society should be governed by the wise and not the rich
Who did Constantine credit with his victories in battle?
the "God of the Christians"
During which century did Muhammad receive his first revelation from God?
the 600s
When did the Vikings begin to raid Europe?
the 700s
What is the US equivalent to the 8 praetors?
the 9 supreme court justices
Who conquered the Kingdom of Judah?
the Babylonians
What Empire was formerly the Eastern Roman Empire?
the Byzantine Empire
What was Jesus also called?
the Christ or Jesus Christ
Who were Jesus's twelve closest men?
the Disciples
The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers are part of what region?
the Fertile Crescent
Who founded the Ottoman Empire?
the Ghazis
What were the first four books of the New Testament called?
the Gospels
What did the term "Christ" stem from?
the Greek word for "Anointed".
Who invented drama and built some of the first theatres?
the Greeks
The two key enemies of Rome were
the Huns and Germanic tribes
A prominent merchant family in Italy during the Renaissance was
the Medicis.
What brought an end to Islam's Golden Age?
the Mongol invasion
Who finally conquered the Abbasid Dynasty in 1258?
the Mongols
Which document standardized Christian beliefs?
the Nicene Creed
What makes up the Christian Bible?
the Old and New testament?
Before the split in 1054, the leaders of the Eastern Church and the Western Church were
the Patriarch and the Pope.
Buildings with roman architecture include:
the US capital building, the leaning tower of Pisa, London's natural history museum, the Reichstag, the White House, and Jefferson Memorial
What was Rome's first road?
the Via Appia
Where did the burden of proof rest in the Roman Code of Law?
the accuser
Because the Byzantine Empire was largely Greek in language and culture, what was the biggest influence of Byzantine/Greek culture on Russia?
the alphabet
Who created the first fire-fighting brigade?
the ancient romans
What did some of the Jewish people looked forward to?
the arrival of the messiah
Islam is a monotheistic religion because it teaches
the belief in a single god.
animism
the belief that objects in the natural world have spirits
What was included in canon law?
the beliefs and teachings of the church, had rules to govern behavior, and was authorized by the church, not the king.
common law
the body of law based on general principal and customs; constitutes the basis of the English and American legal systems
Ashoka's commitment to the happiness and welfare of all his people conflicts directly with which aspect of Indian society?
the caste system
When the Aryans migrated to India, what influential concept did they bring to the country?
the caste system
Where would people go to for protection in feudal times?
the castle
The early government of Athens was ruled by
the citizens.
The Athenian Empire included
the city-states around the Aegean Sea.
What brought an end to the Qin Dynasty?
the death of Emperor Qin Shihuangdi
Since the standardization of Christian beliefs, which change has most affected the practice of Christianity?
the emergence of new Christian churches
Great Zimbabwe was the capital of what?
the empire of descendants of the Shona people(a Bantu group)
What proved that the Byzantine Empire's culture was heavily influenced by Greek culture?
the empire's education system followed the Greek model
What were the Dark Ages?
the era following the collapse of Rome
In The Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri uses poetry to explore
the existence of life after death.
What allowed for the sharing and diffusion of knowledge from Muslim culture across various cultures.
the expansion of Muslim empires trade and the construction of libraries
Who were the Umayyads?
the first great Muslim dynasty to rule after the caliphs.
Indian scholars during the Golden Age advanced science by developing
the heliocentric theory of the universe.
The new way of thinking stressed the experience and capabilities of _______.
the individual
What made a knight most valuable to a lord?
the knight's skills as a warrior
What was canon law?
the law of the medieval church
Who was the Bishop of Rome?
the leader of the church
The Byzantine influence can be seen in Kiev's government because
the legal code was created on the basis of Byzantine law.
What is a manor house?
the lord's main residence
Which parts of this painting show the Renaissance interest in the secular world?
the man with the book and the setting and the landscape
Crusade
the military expeditions taken on by Christian powers to win the Holy Land from the Muslims
Golden Horde
the name given to the Mongol state that ruled Russia
Ramses II presided over an era of prosperity in the New Kingdom. Which most significantly reflected his prosperity?
the number of temples he built
What is a papacy?
the office of the pope
Who led the eastern church in Constantinople?
the patriarch, a bishop
Under a system of common law, which elements are used as the basis of a legal decision?
the results of other trials for the same crime and the treatment of similar crimes in the past
What does Easter celebrate?
the resurrection of Jesus
Reconquista
the return of Spain to Catholic rule, resulting in the expulsion of Jews and Muslims.
tsar
the ruler of the Russian Empire
What was beneath the consul?
the senate
theology
the study of religious faith and church beliefs
philosophy
the study of the nature of life
Which aspects of Chinese culture did the Mongols adopt?
the style of dress and government organization
What was the Pax Romana?
the time of greatest achievement under the Roman Empire
What preserved scientific and mathematical ideas from the past.
the translation movement
Ancient Romans believed their city had been founded by
the twins Romulus and Remus
Parliament
the two-house legislative body in Britain made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons
Which Han dynasty reform was reintroduced during the Tang dynasty?
the use of civil service exams
An influential aspect of Athenian government on modern democracies is
the use of juries to decide trials.
What was a lord given in exchange for a land grant(a fief) to a vassl?
the vassal promised to serve the lord.
Phillip of Macedonia took advantage of
the war-weakened Greek city-states via a powerful army
What did Byzantine's scholars work to preserve?
the writings of ancient Greece
Merchant families that ruled Italian city-states established
their own armies.
What were contributing factors toward the success of Mulim armies?
their piety, they were well-disciplined, the Persian and Byzantine empires were weak, and many of their conquered people chose to accept Islam
Early Christians were persecuted for their beliefs. Which belief in particular made others suspicious of Christians?
their refusal to worship Roman gods
What indicates that Christianity and Judaism influenced the development of Islam?
their shared religious beliefs
What form of government was represented by Egyptian pharaohs, in that they were both political leaders and religious figures?
theocracy
What happened to construction during the Dark ages?
there were no more great construction projects
After the Mycenaeans defeated the Minoans,
they adopted elements of the Minoan culture.
How did the roads improve the economy in ancient Rome?
they allowed for the diffusion of goods and ideas
What do Plebeians and Patricians have in common?
they are both roman citizens.
What was the biggest reason why the Tang dynasty fell?
they began to have difficulty governing their large empire
What qualities did the empire of Great Zimbabwe share with earlier Bantu cultures when it came to religion?
they both placed importance in their religion and often used a sacred symbol of a bird to represent the spirit world
What qualities did the empire of Great Zimbabwe share with earlier Bantu cultures when it came to agriculture?
they both raised cattle(which were a status symbol) and farmed crops to sustain the population
what did graduates of the church's universities do if they didn't wish to join the church?
they could find a job in government
What was an effect of the Swahili trade cities' interaction with traders?
they developed a unique culture, developed a lingua franca(Swahili), practiced fishing, farming, and ironworking, and were influenced by Islamic religious and cultural beliefs.
What were the characteristics of the city-states of Italy?
they established their own armies, governed themselves, collected individual taxes, and were each controlled by a single family.
What agricultural practices did the Bantu have?
they fished, raised goats and cattle, and relied on growing sorghum
Why were the Umayyads opposed by most of the early Muslims?
they grew very wealthy and opposed Muhammad at the beginning.
What qualities did the empire of Great Zimbabwe share with earlier Bantu cultures when it came to society?
they had a class system with local rulers
What advantage did women in Rome have over women in other societies?
they had more rights
What was the housing situation for peasants?
they lived in small homes that were part of the manor village that were made of branches or wooden sticks, had thatched roofs and dirt floors. the houses were divided into sections for humans and small livestock, they provided little privacy, and had a hazardous fire pit
What did Muhammad and his followers do in 630 CE ?
they marched into Mecca, forced the city to surrender, and unified much of the Arab peninsula under Islam
How did the Eastern church of Byzantine react to the Western pope's authority?
they rejected it
What would happen to those who converted to Islam in the Abbasid dynasty?
they were accepted as equals
What was the amount of piety common among Muslim soldiers?
they were devout
Why were mercenaries less useful?
they were less loyal to the emperor
What purpose did a castle serve in the early middle ages?
they were meant to strengthen and secure the area from invaders
What did the peasants do in exchange for land, housing, and protection?
they worked the land and maintained the estate.
Who suceeded Abu Bakr?
three caliphs who expanded the Muslim-held territory and built the first Muslim empire.
How did the Abbasids control their large empire?
through a strong and absolute bureaucracy
How did Constantine standardize Christian beliefs?
through he creation of the Nicene Creed
How did Muslim cities promote the sharing and diffusion of scientific knowledge across various cultures?
through the construction of libraries
Why did William order that a census(the first census in western Europe since the Roman Times) be taken?
to accurately collect taxes
Why did Cosimo de' Medici build palaces and libraries in Florence?
to beautify it
What were Pericles' three goals for Athens?
to build and strengthen democracy, to grow and strengthen empire, and to glorify Athens.
persecution
to face mistreatment as a result of one's personal characteristics
Why did the Roman Empire produce more coins?
to fund the government and the military
Why was the Taj Mahal built?
to hold the tomb of Shah Jahan's beloved wife who died in childbirth
pillage
to invade and take valuables
Why did Henry II marry Eleanor of Aquitaine?
to join Eleanor's family's land to England's
Why were roads build in ancient Rome?
to move their military and connect the Roman Empire(for easy governing)
recant
to publicly say that you no longer believe something; to take back a statement
Jesus selected twelve men to be his disciples. What was their main role?
to spread Jesus's teachings
Why were church orders established?
to strengthen the role of the church
Why did the church began to support and establish universities in Paris, Bologna, and Oxford?
to train clergy
How did things such as classical ideas come to Italy?
trade
What was an effect of the central location of the Arabian Peninsula?
trade from many empires would go through it
Modern mathematical systems spread outward from India via
trade routes.
Rome's geography was important for _______ and _______
trade, the spread of ideas
What was something that Kilwa depended on?
trading with Asia
What was the first step in becoming a knight?
training as a page
What were the chosen representatives elected by the Plebeians called?
tribunes
True or False, the Mycenaeans fought against Troy
true
How many years was it between Muhammad's first revelation and when he conquered Mecca?
twenty years
central government
unified governing body of a political unit
Compared to most of Europe, Italy was highly _____.
urbanized
Socrates
used a series of questions to get at the truth.
Which contributions did the Bantu make?
using iron to make farm tools, organizing early villages, and using iron to make weapons
Machiavellian
using tricks, lies, or dishonesty in order to gain something
In the feudalism system, knights were included in which group?
vassal
They wrote in _______, making their ideas available to ordinary people.
vernacular
As inflation increased and the Roman Empire experienced greater political instability, what occurred?
violent unrest
What was pilgrimage in Islam?
visiting Mecca once in one's lifetime, a journey called the hajj.
What did the General assembly do?
voted directly on laws and important decisions
What did the Spartans do when the Athenians retreated behind their walls?
wait
After the fall of the Roman Empire, what type of rulers took the place of the Roman emperor?
warrior kings
What did the Mycenaeans have?
warrior kings as rulers, Peloponnese as a location, aspects of other(Minoan) cultures
Who ruled the Mycenaeans?
warrior-kings
Rome faced constant attack after the Pax Romana because its army
was becoming less loyal to the emperor.
The Aryan migration began its spread into India through the Indus River Valley mainly because that area
was closest to the rest of Asia.
By winning the Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror
was crowned as king of England.
A peninsula is a piece of land that is surrounded by
water on three sides.
the Bedouins moved between ______.
water sources and grazing lands
Children of ________ families in ancient Rome were schooled at home.
wealthy
What social class were the Patricians?
wealthy nobles
Unlike conflicts in Egypt and Syria, the conflict in the Byzantine territory of Anatolia
went on for centuries.
During Athens' first democracy, the people
were divided based on wealth.
One of the geographical advantages of early Rome
were the hills and mountains that protected it.
Where did Bantu culture originate?
western and central Africa
What were some of the first crops to be domesticated during the Agricultural Revolution?
wheat and barley
A reason that Christian churches in Rome and Constantinople began to diverge was they could not agree on
whether to hold services in Latin or Greek.
When did Muslim invaders began to compete to conquer lands in India?
while the Gupta Empire declined
What were the luxury items traded in Byzantine?
wine, silk, gold, and ivory.
Plato believed that society should be governed by ______ people.
wise
Women in ancient Rome were expected to become _______ and ________.
wives, mothers
__________ in ancient Rome could not vote or run for office.
women
What was a Renaissance woman?
women who were well-educated and charming, though most had little political or economic influence.
Which importation was most important to the Egyptians?
wood
A believer in monotheism
worships a single god.
Were priests allowed to marry in the Eastern Orthodox Church?
yes
Was the plague in Byzantine reoccurring?
yes, it appeared every few years
Was Mecca a religiously diverse city?
yes, some worshipped many gods
Is Islam monotheistic?
yes, they believe Allah is the only true god
