evolution test- 4/7/20

Potatoes were the main crop in Ireland in the 1800s. Almost the entire population of Ireland was dependent on a single variety of potato, the "lumper." These potatoes were reproduced by a method of asexual reproduction known as vegetative propagation. In the middle of the 1800s, a disease caused by a fungus killed almost the entire lumper crop within two years. As a result, millions of people in Ireland died of starvation. The most likely reason the potato disease was able to destroy the potato crop in such a short time is that the_________________________________. (a) Potato population lacked variations (b) Lumper variety had a long reproductive cycle (c) Lumper had several variations caused by vegetative propagation (d) Potato population in Ireland utilized all of the finite resources

(a) Potato population lacked variations

Different species are geographically isolated for many generations. What is most likely to happen to the populations? (a) each population will evolve different traits influenced by their specific environments. (b) random recombination will ensure that the two populations evolve in a similar manner. (c) the two populations will evolve the same future traits because they are starting with similar genetic material. (d) one of the populations will fail to evolve because it was removed from its natural environment

(a) each population will evolve different traits influenced by their specific environments.

A bird that can easily outcompete other birds for food and that can produce many eggs has a high.. (a) fitness (b) extinction rate (c) life expectancy (d) mutation rate

(a) fitness

The bone similarities between the four organisms are an example of? (a) homologous structures (b) vestigial structures (c) mutations (d) cloning

(a) homologous structures

Which statement best describes the effect an adaptation has on an organism? (a) it increases an organism's chance to survive (b) it increases an organism's size and weight (c) it decreases an organism's chance to reproduce (d) it decreases an organism's ability to find food

(a) it increases an organism's chance to survive

To determine evolutionary relationships between organisms, a comparison would most likely be made between all of the characteristics below except... (a) methods of hunting (b) sequences in their DNA molecules (c) sequence of amino acids (d) structure of protein molecules present

(a) methods of hunting

Ancestors of the giant panda had rounded paws with five very short toes. Today, the giant panda has a sixth toe, often referred to as a thumb, even though it develops from a wrist bone. This unique thumb is an adaptation that allows the panda to easily hold and eat bamboo shoots. The presence of the giant panda's thumb is most likely the result of... (a) natural selection (b) asexual reproduction (c) selective breeding (d) ecological succession

(a) natural selection

When antibiotics were first developed, most infectious diseases could be controlled by them. Today, certain bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics. One possible explanation for this change is that... (a) the antibiotics killed most of the bacteria (b) through natural selection some of the bacteria developed a resistance to antibiotics (c) the bacteria needed to change in order to produce more antibiotics (d) antibiotics have become weaker over the years

(b) through natural selection some of the bacteria developed a resistance to antibiotics

Which inference can be made from the diagram below? DIAGRAM CANNOT BE PUT ON SO PULL UP DIAGRAM FROM EVOLUTION TEST DOCUMENT (a) all vertebrates have toes, eyes, and tails in the latest stage of embryological development. (b) vertebrates all originate from a common ancestor as evidenced by their similarities in the earliest stage of embryological development. (c) species with the same embryological development always develop the same structures with the same functions. (d) the earliest stage of embryological development shows significant difference between different organisms.

(b) vertebrates all originate from a common ancestor as evidenced by their similarities in the earliest stage of embryological development.

A population of white moths lives in a forest near a factory. This factory burns coal and pollutes the air with black dust. Over time, this dust has settled on the trees in the area, making them darker in color. This could result in... (a) an increase in the white moth population (b) an increase in the number of trees in the area (c) a decrease in the white moth population (d) a decrease in the air pollution affecting the area

(c) a decrease in the white moth population

Which of these is NOT a principle of natural selection? (a) adaptation (b) variation (c) a stable environment (d) overproduction of offspring

(c) a stable environment

A species that lacks the variation necessary to adapt to a changing environment is more likely to... (a) develop many mutated cells (b) begin to reproduce sexually (c) become extinct over time (d) develop resistance to diseases

(c) become extinct over time

A certain species of fish is transferred from Pond B to Pond A for culturing. The fish from pond A begin to mate with the fish from pond B. What is this an example of? (a) artificial selection (b) genetic drift (c) gene flow (d) natural selection

(c) gene flow

Which finch would likely compete for food with the Large Tree Finch? DIAGRAM CANNOT BE PUT ON SO PULL UP DIAGRAM FROM EVOLUTION TEST DOCUMENT (a) cactus finch (b) small ground finch (c) small tree finch (d) vegetarian finch

(c) small tree finch

The many varieties of domestic dogs are a product of ___________ _____________. (a) convergent evolution (b) natural selection (c) geographic isolation (d) artificial selection

(d) artificial selection

The Large Ground Finch has a bill best adapted for... DIAGRAM CANNOT BE PUT ON SO PULL UP DIAGRAM FROM EVOLUTION TEST DOCUMENT (a) probing (b) slurping (c) grasping (d) breaking

(d) breaking

According to the theory of natural selection, genes responsible for new traits that are usually beneficial to the survival of a species in a particular environment will usually... (a) decrease suddenly in frequency (b) not change in frequency (c) decrease gradually in frequency (d) increase in frequency

(d) increase in frequency

Species evolve over time. Their success depends on factors such as genetic variability and environmental constraints. Modern land plants and green algae have many characteristics in common, and both are very successful. One current theory suggests that modern land plants evolved from green algae. Which piece of evidence best supports this theory? (a) land plants and green algae carry out cellular respiration. (b) land plants and green algae carry out asexual and sexual reproduction (c) land plants and green algae are made up of cells containing similar cell structures (d) land plants and green algae contain chlorophyll made up of similar sequences of DNA

(d) land plants and green algae contain chlorophyll made up of similar sequences of DNA

The table compares the number of amino acid differences in the protein Cytochrome C between chimpanzees and some other animals. Which of the following species is most closely related to the chimpanzee? chimpanzee- 0 number of amino acid differences dog- 8 number of amino acid differences dogfish shark- 24 number of amino acid differences rattle snake- 12 number of amino acid differences rhesus monkey- 1 number of amino acid differences (a) dog (b) dogfish Shark (c) rattlesnake (d) rhesus Monkey

(d) rhesus monkey

genetic drift

RANDOM change in allele frequencies that occurs in a population

founder effect

an extreme example of genetic drift when a small group moves away from a population

heterotroph

an organism that cannot make its own food.

autotroph

an organism that makes its own food

antibiotic resistance

bacteria's ability to change in response to the use of medicine (antibiotics)

mutation

changes in DNA

multicellularity

consisting of multiple cells

geographic isolation

involves physical barriers that divide populations

vestigial trait

leftover structures without a current function

gene flow

movement of alleles into or out of the population due to migration

eukaryote

organisms whose cells do contain a nucleus

prokaryote

organisms whose cells do not contain a nucleus

transitional fossil

remains of a life form that has traits of a common and ancestral group

fossil

remains of a once living organism

homologous structure

similar structures with different functions

analogous structure

structures are different but function is the same

pesticide resistance

the ability for an organism to survive a pesticide application that killed most of the individuals of the same species

speciation

the process of forming new species by evolution from pre-existing species

natural selection

the process where organism who are better adapted service and produce more offspring

evolution

the process where organisms develop and change over time

endosymbiosis

the theory of how eukaryotic cells came to be, where one cell lives inside of another cell

bottleneck effect

when a population declines to a very small number and then rebounds the genes in the small group are what carried on