EVR 1001 Exam 2 - Chapter 6
If there is ________, population growth rates will increase.
increased immigration
Sylva emphasizes the dangers to economies and social welfare systems from declining fertility rates. In comparison to Sylva, what would Seager say about declining fertility?
Declining fertility would provide many social benefits, such as less crowded schools and roads.
Which of the following are the three principal effects of a human population that determine its impact on the environment (the IPAT model)?
population, affluence, technology
Assuming the current trend continues, in 2030 Colombia will have more elderly than reproductive-age individuals.
False
Madagascar's age-structure diagram ________.
reflects a population with a high growth rate
What keeps a population size stable?
replacement fertility
Assuming the current trend continues, in 2030 Greece will have more children than elderly members of the population.
False
Assuming the current trend continues, in 2030 Greece will have more children than reproductive-age individuals.
False
Look at the age-structure pyramids. The numbers between the bars (in the middle of the graphs) serve as the y-axis. What do these numbers represent?
the age classes, in 5-year ranges
For the foreseeable future, which types of countries will see the greatest increases in population number?
the countries that are poorest and least able to support population growth
The richest one-fifth of the world's population possesses approximately ________ times the income of the poorest one-fifth, and the richest one-fifth uses over 86% of the world's resources.
80
Predict which of the following United Nations funding proposals both Sylva and Seager might support.
A development plan to build schools for girls in a poverty-stricken country
Douglas Sylva gives four reasons why government population control is bad policy. Which of the following statements represents one of his reasons?
Government influence over family size is prone to abuse.
Which statement most accurately describes the population control efforts in China?
A One-Child Policy that is enforced through taxation and penalties has successfully controlled population growth.
Which of the following supports the greatest population density?
Nile River delta
Which of the following best describes the human population from early times to the present?
Slow, uneven growth until the 1800s, then increasingly rapid growth
When birth rates decline, what happens to a given population?
The average age of the population grows older.
In the Netherlands in 2014, people between the ages of 45 and 54 made up the largest percentage of the population. What factor is most likely to have caused this bulge in the age pyramid?
a surge in the birth rate after World War II ended in 1945
In 2014, how many 25- to 29-year-old women lived in Niger?
about 0.6 million
In the Netherlands in 2014, which age classes contained the largest number of people?
adults between 45 and 54
Where does most of the human population live in this region?
along the rivers and coasts
What causes a decline in fertility rates?
an increase in family planning and birth control
What will China's age structure look like several decades from now due to its one-child policy?
an inverted pyramid
The most serious problem caused by population growth is ________.
increasing demand for resources
Based on a comparison of the age-structure pyramids, which of the following would likely be a higher priority in the Netherlands than in Niger?
providing long-term care for the elderly
Of the following, which provide the most complete picture of whether a population of humans grows, shrinks, or remains stable?
rates of birth, death, immigration, and emigration
John Seager describes several benefits of smaller families, including ____________.
reduced carbon emissions
The population in part (b) is likely to experience ________ soon.
resource depletion and decreased quality of life
Of the following factors, ________ drives TFR down.
social and economic security
Because of the success of China's population control programs, ________.
China's population growth rate is much lower than it was in the 1970s
If a population roughly doubles in the course of 50 years, its growth rate would be close to ________%.
1.5
The annual global growth rate of the human population peaked in the ________ and has been declining ever since.
1960s
If a country has a growth rate of 2%, how long will it take to double its population?
35 years
The human population is approximately ________.
7 billion
Which part of the IPAT model represents the influence of wealth and its environmental impact?
A for affluence
Not surprisingly, the nation with the highest rate of contraceptive use (85%) is ________.
China
Which of the following best explains why the population density is so much higher in the north and east of this region, compared to the south and west?
All of the listed responses are correct.
Although Sylva and Seager seem to agree that couples should be able to make their own family planning decisions, they would disagree about which of the following statements?
Governments should provide resources and education for family planning.
Greece had more females than males in 2000. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this?
Males generally have a shorter life span than females.
Which of the following statements about Earth's carrying capacity for humans is true?
Human beings are not unlike other animals concerning carrying capacity, but we utilize technology to artificially raise the carrying capacity increasingly higher.
Which of the following is an input to a given population?
Immigration
IPAT stands for ________.
Impact, Population, Affluence, and Technology
Which two statements are supported by the graph?
Increasing female secondary school enrollment is strongly associated with reduced fertility rates;Cambodia and Guatemala have similar fertility rates but differ in their secondary school enrollment rates.
__________ death rates and __________ infant mortality rates are due in large part to technological advances, improved sanitation, and better medical care in developed countries.
Lower; lower
When an agrarian economy transitions to an industrial economy, what effect does it have on the population?
Population growth rate slows.
In 1900, there were approximately 1.75 billion humans on Earth; in 1950, there were approximately 2.3 billion; in the year 2025, approximately 8 billion people will inhabit the biosphere. In the period between 1900 and 2025, what has happened to the human population?
The intervals between population doublings are decreasing.
The colors of the bars on the graphs indicate the life stage of the people in that age class. What does it mean if a bar is colored red?
The people in that age class are past reproductive age.
Assuming that current trends continue, predict how the age structure of the Netherlands in 2034 will likely differ from that in 2014.
The proportion of the population made up of older adults (65+) will increase.
Which statement describes the effects of having a total fertility rate (TFR) of 2.1?
The value means that two children plus a fraction to compensate for the death of offspring will replace the average male and female in the population.
Why are diseases such as AIDS, which reduce population density, undermining the ability of developing countries to make the transition to more modern, industrialized societies?
They are causing "demographic fatigue," which leaves these countries without a professional class.
Assuming the current trend continues, in 2030 Colombia will have more children than elderly members of the population.
True
Assuming the current trend continues, in 2030 Colombia will have more children than reproductive-age individuals.
True
Assuming the current trend continues, in 2030 Greece will have more elderly than reproductive-age individuals.
True
Assuming the current trend continues, in 2030 Greece will have more reproductive-age individuals than children.
True
In a country where there are increasingly more households, ________.
consumption should increase
The population of Greece is expected to _______.
decline
Areas with the least dense human populations are in ________.
desert, tundra, and rainforest
Most of the world population growth in the near future will be in ________.
developing countries
The population of Colombia is currently _______.
expanding
Most of this region has a population density of __________ people per square kilometer.
fewer than 6
Replacement fertility ________.
is equal to 2.1 in stable populations
The population in part (a) suggests that its Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is ________.
less than replacement rate
Which of the following has experienced the greatest decline in population growth rate from 1950-2010?
more-developed regions
Compared to the north and east of this region, the population density of the south and west is __________.
much less
According to the graph, what type of relationship exists between a nation's total fertility rate and its female secondary school enrollment rate?
negative
The term demographic transition refers to ________.
the decline in death rates followed by decline in birth rates, occurring as a country economically develops
Diminishing population growth rates in poor countries can be partially attributed to ________.
the education of women
Malthus was responsible for ________.
the idea that without social restrictions increasing human population would lead to famine and war
What do the bars on the graphs represent?
the number of males and females in each age group
The "sensitivity factor" in the model used to represent human environmental impact denotes ________.
the sensitivity of an environment to human pressures
The 2014 age-structure pyramid for Niger indicates that the population of Niger ________.
was increasing