EVS 195 Ch 10

Which of the following are examples of sustainable farming practices?

- timing plantings or cultivation of crops to avoid pest outbreaks - using polyculture fields that grow many different types of crops together - restoring windbreaks, hedgerows, and ground cover around watercourses

True or false: The pesticide treadmill refers to the increasing resistance to pesticides observed in pest populations

False

Bacillus thuringienssi is a biological control species that

kills butterfly and moth pest species

As pesticide-resistant pests continually evolve, there is an ever-increasing need for new, better types of pesticides. This cycle is known as the pesticide _______

treadmill

True or False: The pesticide treadmill refers to the increasing resistance to pesticides observed in pest populations

False

Which of the following roles do living organisms play in the development of healthy soil?

- soil bacteria and algae recycle leaf little and make nutrients available to plants - worms and nematodes create air spaces as they burrow through soil - microscopes organisms provide soil with structure and loose texture

Which of the following are benefits of organic agriculture?

- The costs of organic agriculture are lower for the farmer (on the production end) - beneficial root fungi are more abundant at the farms practicing organic agriculture than those that do not - organic agriculture is less energy-intensive

The most dominant soil types in the farming regions of the United States are _______

- alfisols - mollisols

Some of the criticisms level at organic agriculture include that __________

- it is too inefficient to feed large populations - it is too labor intensive

Which of the following statements regarding health problems associated with pesticides are true?

- most of the illnesses occur in people in developing countries - millions of people worldwide are affected - pesticides can cause both short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) problems

Chlorinated hydrocarbons are found in the fatty tissues of animals and humans living in locations far from the source where they were first used because they______

- permits for years - move readily through water and air

Define Chlorinated hydrocarbons

Includes atrazine and DDT, a type of persistent organic pollutant (POP)

Define Neonicotinoids

Possibly causes colony collapse disorder in honeybees

Define Gully Erosion

Soil loss caused by small rivulets or running water

Define Rill Erosion

Soil loss caused by small rivulets or running water

Streambank Erosion

Soil loss that occurs on stream edges

Define Inorganic pesticides

Toxic elemental compounds that are indestructible and act as nerve toxins

Define Sheet erosion

a thin layer of soil taken off the land surface

Numerous environmental conditions such as _____, topography, and _____ can affect the health of the soil ecosystem

climate; parent minerals

Neem tree is a biological control species that

contains a natural pesticide and insect repellent

Duck and geese are a biological control species that

eat insects and weeds in a crop fields

Cactoblastis moth are a biological control species that

eats the prickly pear cactus (in Australia)

Studies by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have found that ares invited in sustainable agriculture ________

have increased yields similar to the green revolution or genetically modified crops

Define Organophosphates

most abundantly used synthetic pesticides; includes Roundup

People in ancient cultures used sulfur, ash, arsenic, and other natural materials to control ________

pest