EVS Exam # 3
Together, forests and grasslands compose what percentage of terrestrial biomes?
60%
What percentage of known species are invertebrates?
65%
Approximately how many species have been identified on Earth?
A little more than 1.7 million
After losing nearly all its trees in World War II, South Korea is now
About 70% reforested
In general, water use worldwide is dominated by
Agricultural use
Corridors have the potential to effectively enlarge which of the following?
All of the above are correct
Which of the preserve shapes shown is the worst shape for a species that requires a core area?
B --- crescent shaped
Air moving in the direction indicated in the diagram will become warmer as it moves from
B to D (the top to bottom right)
The total number of living species is probably
Between 3 million and 50 million
Which of the preserve shapes shown has the greatest interior area relative to perimeter area?
C
The phenomenon causing the greenhouse effect is that ________ in the lower atmosphere selectively absorb(s) reradiated ________ radiation.
Carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases; infrared (heat)
In this scenario, which community has the highest species richness?
Community A
In this scenario, which communities have the same species richness?
Community B and C
Which of the following statements about trade in endangered species is FALSE?
Coral reefs are not affected by the endangered species trade
One possible solution to the problem of insufficient land area for preserves is to use ____________ to link smaller habitat areas.
Corridors
A promising approach to encourage conservation and preservation in developing countries is
Debt-for-nature swaps
Habitat fragmentation usually leads to a(n)
Decrease in biodiversity
A disadvantage of monoculture forestry is that it is
Deficient in providing ecological services
Desalinization could be a method used by which country?
Desalination could be used by any country on the ocean.
Extinction is the term used when all members of a species
Die
In the diagram, the horizontal (X) axis should be labeled
Distance from outfall pipe
What two things does the hydrologic cycle do?
Distributes and purifies water
Check all that is considered to be "point source" water pollution.
Ditches Drain pipes Sewer Outfalls Acid draining out of abandoned mines
The Keeling graph of Carbon Dioxide concentrations form a pattern that goes up and down each year. What is the cause of this oscillating pattern?
During the northern hemisphere summer, there are so many trees, that they reduce the amount of CO2 substantially, but when northern winter occurs, there are not enough trees in the southern hemisphere to use all of the inputs of CO2 in the atmosphere.
Soil formation and water purification are examples of _________ based on the biodiversity that benefit humans.
Ecological services
A species in imminent danger of extinction is classified by the U.S. Endangered Species Act as
Endangered
When natural waters are overloaded with plant nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate ions, they become
Eutrophic
"Vulnerable" species are those that are in imminent danger of being extinct.
False
Ocean circulation patterns have no effect on climate conditions on land.
False
Zoo animals in the U.S. today come mainly from the wild.
False
Conservationists and wildlife managers use gap analysis to
Find unprotected landscapes that are rich in species
"Exotic" is another word for
Foreign
Choose the appropriate terms from the drop-down menus to complete the following grid.
Forrest - Ecological Benefit: Long-term carbon sink - Monetary Benefit: Production of paper pulp Grassland - Ecological Benefit: Highly productive and species rich - Monetary Benefit: Livestock grazing
The rainiest or snowiest zone on the mountain in the diagram would be in the area marked
From A to B (the left side to the top)
The acronym that stands for habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, human population, and overharvesting is
HIPPO
The largest contributing factor for the current high rate of animal extinctions is
Habitat destruction worldwide
Which of the following would be considered an example of water pollution (choose all that apply)?
High levels of bacteria that would make people sick Oil that leaks into ground water that prevents drinking the water Soil that erodes from a hillside into a local stream reducing the ability of aquatic plants to photosynthesize Increase in water temperature from a factory dumping clean but warm water back in that reduces some of the species from occurring there.
The amount of interior area in a preserve is important because
Humans and other hardy species encroach on preserve margins and many threatened species cannot survive environmental conditions on preserve margins Correct
The hydrologic compartment that contains the greatest amount of fresh water is
Ice and snow
An oxygen sag occurs most often
Immediately downstream from a pollution source
A threatened species may be extinct or near extinction
In the near future
The objective of a species recovery plan is to
Increase an endangered species population until it is no longer endangered
Which of the following is the best indicator of recent climate change?
Increases in carbon dioxide
Coliform bacteria populations are routinely monitored in drinking water supplies, swimming pools, and at beaches because these bacteria
Indicate the presence of feces in water
Economically, monoculture forestry is advantageous because
It produces large quantities of a single type of tree for a particular use, such as building timber or paper pulp
Climate is a description of ________ weather conditions.
Long-term regional
Match the human disturbance to the effect it has on biodiversity.
Look at screenshot
Match the label that best describes each process or form of water in the illustration.
Look at screenshot
The term biodiversity can be applied at different scales. Drag the description to the image of biodiversity that best depicts it.
Look at screenshot
Match the terms used for rare or endangered species with their proper definition.
Look at screenshot 2 - Keystone species 1 - Indicator species 3 - Umbrella species 4 - Flagship species
An important drug for treating Hodgkin's disease was discovered in a periwinkle native to ______ and is valued at approximately _________ per year.
Madagascar; $150-300 million
Ecological diversity is a measure of the number of
Niches, trophic levels, and ecological processes of a biological community
The two main gases making up the lower atmosphere are
Nitrogen and oxygen
In this scenario, which communities have the same species evenness?
None of the communities has the same species evenness
Atmospheric deposition of contaminants is an excellent example of
Nonpoint pollution
Most public rangelands are in poor condition due to
Overcrowding of private livestock
Much of the ultraviolet light from the sun is absorbed by _______, as it passes through the atmosphere.
Ozone
The type of water pollutant that most commonly threatens human health is/are ______.
Pathogenic organisms
Why is there a need to reeducate people about the role of fire in natural systems?
People do not understand that fire is a natural part of many biological ecosystems.
The main reason for continued trade in endangered species is
Pet lovers and collectors who like exotic species
_________ sources of water pollution are relatively easy to monitor and regulate, while _____________ sources of water pollution are difficult to monitor and clean up.
Point; nonpoint
Withdrawal of groundwater often causes subsidence, a situation where
Porous rocks settle and ground level falls
The common way that a species is defined in biology (the way it is defined in Chapter 3) is in terms of reproductive isolation. This means that all organisms that are similar enough to
Produce fertile offspring in nature
Albedo is a term describing the Earth's
Reflection of solar radiation
Transpiration is the way plants
Return large amounts of water to the atmosphere
The Coriolis effect is caused by the
Rotation of the Earth
Monoculture forestry involves
Single-species tree plantations that are efficient but offer little biodiversity
Natural evaporation processes are mainly driven by
Solar energy
The "ozone hole" that causes concern among scientists and the public is an ozone depletion in the
Stratosphere
A country's renewable water supplies are generally made up of
Surface runoff and infiltration into accessible aquifers
The main reason that surface water pollution has largely decreased in the United States since 1950 is
The Clean Water Act
The Ogallala Aquifer supplies water to ___________ and once held more water than all of the surface water __________.
The Great Plains states; in the world
The first symptom of range overgrazing is usually
The disappearance of palatable plant species
Which of the following statements of the greenhouse effect are true (choose all that apply)?
The greenhouse effect allows life to exist on the earth Water vapor is a major contributor to the greenhouse effect Increases in heat are caused by infrared radiation emitted from the earth
Which of the following statements about the troposphere are true (choose all that apply)?
The troposphere is where the majority of weather occurs We find the majority of air pollutants in the troposphere
Although most of the world's forests are shrinking, biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss because
They contain such high biodiversity
Which of the following is an example of genetic biodiversity?
Three different color variations of the same butterfly species
In general, most major weather patterns result from uneven solar heating, which causes areas of high and low pressure, together with the spinning of the earth.
True
Island ecosystems are extremely susceptible to invasive species.
True
Parts of the U.S. are currently facing a "water crisis".
True
The pharmaceutical industry has an interest in preventing species extinction because
Undiscovered species may provide lucrative new drugs.
Rotational grazing allows grazing livestock to
Use a small area for a short time
Which of the following perspectives is NOT a principle of ecosystem management?
Using scientific knowledge as the basis for management since science is free from bias
Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining how much or how little precipitation a region receives?
Vegetation
A species that is naturally rare or that has been depleted to dangerous levels is known, according to the Endangered Species Act, as a(n) ________ species.
Vulnerable
Which of the following is FALSE regarding CITES?
When implemented properly it has provided foolproof protections of endangered species.
What makes an exotic species become and invasive species?
When individuals begins to colonize new areas and out-compete native species.
If managed carefully, ecotourism benefits natural areas by giving economic value to land and water resources
Without destroying them
Milankovitch cycles involve the periodic ___________ and could be responsible for ________ weather changes.
Wobbling of the earth's axis and orbital shifts; cyclic
For the following statement, select all choices that make the statement true. Human disturbance affects the size and stability of preserves. In comparing two square shaped tracts of land, one a 100 km2 forest preserve and the other a 10 km2 isolated island of forest that has been separated from the preserve by human development, the isolated island of habitat...
has more edge and less core habitat. supports fewer species.
In a wilderness area, the level of allowed human impact or intervention is
little or none
Complete the illustration with the labels that best describe the different water features.
look at screenshot
Distinguish the following items from forested lands as being either an ecological service or an economic product and drag them to the appropriate box.
look at screenshot
Drag the different components to complete this table of environmental threats that can disrupt ecosystem function.
look at screenshot
Identify and drag the the following descriptions to the appropriate layer (either troposphere or stratosphere).
look at screenshot
Match the use of water to the percentage of our daily use it makes up.
look at screenshot
Current concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is _______ according to the Keeling graph.
over 400ppm
When El Niño occurs, a mass of warm Pacific surface water that is usually pushed westward by winds,
surges eastward toward South America.
Where will you find the greatest concentration of different species?
the tropics
Models of climate change are most in agreement with observed data ______.
when both natural and anthropogenic causes of warming are included.
