EX 2: Chapters 5-8

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein for most healthy adults is ___.

0.8 g/kg of body weight

What are the guidelines for moderate alcohol intake in men and women?

2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women or fewer

Which of the following is responsible for metabolizing low-to-moderate amounts of alcohol?

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)

Alberta is a 20 year old who has been a vegan for 3 years. She comes to you for advice after reading some material online by the Meat Promoters of America organization. One of their statements is: ". . . vegetarians are at risk for protein deficiency because they cannot consume all of the essential amino acids necessary for healthy individuals." How should Alberta be advised if she intends to remain a vegan?

Although many foods don't provide all the essential amino acids individually, she could consume complementary proteins throughout the day, which would provide all the essential amino acids she needs

Which factor(s) is/are used to determine Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)?

Amino acid composition and Digestibility of food source

Upon removal of the amino group the liver converts ___ into ___ for removal via the urine.

Ammonia; urea

Type II Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by all the following, EXCEPT ___. •Physical inactivity •Insulin resistance •Obesity •Autoimmune response

Autoimmune response

The last stage of alcoholic liver disease is ___.

Cirrhosis

Which term describes the use of heat or acid to unfold a protein causing it to lose shape and function?

Denaturation

Which of the following foods are most often the cause of allergies?

Eggs, peanuts, and milk

Amino acids are required for the synthesis of ___.

Enzymes, hormones, antibodies

If protein intake does NOT meet the body's protein needs for building and repair of tissues, that individual is seen to be in a state of positive nitrogen balance.

False

Which is NOT a function of cholesterol in the body?

Forms active vitamin K

Diets with adequate amounts of fiber may decrease all of the following conditions, EXCEPT: •Hemorrhoids •Diverticulosis •Heartburn •Constipation

Heartburn

A diet that includes sufficient amounts of omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber with less than 10% of calories from saturated fat may improve which of the following health conditions?

High blood cholesterol

Which is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? •High blood pressure •High cholesterol •Smoking and inactivity •High fiber intake

High fiber intake

Which lipoproteins are responsible for the transport of cholesterol away from cells to the liver for removal?

High-density lipoproteins (HDL)

Which hormone is responsible for the decrease of blood glucose levels after a meal containing carbohydrate?

Insulin

Which is TRUE concerning Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

It affects fetal development of the nose, mouth and eyes

Which is FALSE concerning glucose in the body?

It causes ketones to form during starvation or a ketogenic diet

How is fiber broken down in the intestinal tract?

It is fermented in the large intestine by beneficial bacteria

Which type of protein energy malnutrition is characterized by rapid onset, edema (swelling), mild-to-moderate growth impairment, and fatty liver?

Kwashiorkor

Which foods might you AVOID to lower your intake of transfats?

Margarine containing partially hydrogenated oil and Pie crust made with shortening (Crisco)

Which of the following lists does NOT contain dietary fiber?

Milk, fish, and vegetable oils

Which element is NOT found in the structure of carbohydrates and lipids?

Nitrogen

Which is NOT a way that fatty acids differ from one another?

Number of amino groups

Which fatty acid forms anti-inflammatory eicosanoids to reduce inflammation, blood clotting and blood pressure?

Omega-3

Which of the following is responsible for the formation of arterial plaque (atherosclerosis)?

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Which organ participates in blood glucose regulation through the production of insulin and glucagon?

Pancreas

Which food(s) is/are NOT a source of cholesterol in the diet?

Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwich

Which is the enzyme that aids protein digestion in the stomach?

Pepsin

A major function of fat in the body is to:

Protect vital organs

Which protein structure involves the joining of multiple protein units together to form a larger protein, as seen in hemoglobin and collagen?

Quaternary structure

Your friend Trudy has been experiencing weight loss, frequent urination and is constantly tired. She has also noticed that she has been eating and drinking more than usual. What might be the cause of Trudy's symptoms?

She has diabetes mellitus

Which of the following sweeteners helps reduce dental cavities and is often used in chewing gum?

Sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol

Match the following terms to their carbohydrate category listed below:

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose: Disaccharides Amylose and amylopectin: Starches Cellulose, lignin, gums, and pectin: Fibers

Primary lactose intolerance is caused by ___.

The insufficient production of lactase by the small intestine

Which is a FALSE concerning unsaturated fats? •They are liquid at room temperature •They contain no double bonds in their carbon chain •They are have a cis shape •They good sources of essential fatty acids

They contain no double bonds in their carbon chain

Last Saturday, your roommate drank a 6-pack of beer while watching a football game. What might you determine to be true?

This amount of alcohol is defined as binge drinking and increases the risk of alcohol poisoning

After fructose is absorbed into the bloodstream via facilitated diffusion it circulates to the liver where it is converted into glucose.

True

Alcohol requires no digestion and can be immediately absorbed throughout the digestive tract via simple diffusion.

True

The formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to form a polypeptide is called:

mRNA translation

Which is the most common lipid found in food (butter) and in human fat (adipose) cells?

triglyceride

A vegan diet may be low in ___.

vitamin B-12, iron, calcium

Which is the correct recommendation for daily fiber intake?

•25 grams daily for women under age 50 •38 grams daily for men under age 50 •14 grams for every 1000 calories consumed

Consuming more than 60 grams of fiber per day may ___.

•Decrease mineral absorption due to the chemical binding of fiber •Lead to constipation and may block the intestinal tract •Cause unwanted weight loss due low calorie intake

If Diabetes Mellitus is left untreated, an individual may experience which of the following complications?

•Increased risk for heart disease and stroke •Increased risk of kidney damage and failure •Loss of vision and numbness in the limbs

Why might trans fats be used in food production?

•They extend the shelf life of processed foods •They provide beneficial changes in food texture •They are less expensive compared to animal fats