exam 1: 1,2,3

Neuron synthesizes chemicals known as neurotransmitters.

1

Neurotransmitters attach to receptors and alter activity of postsynaptic neurons.

2

Neurotransmitters separate from receptors

3

The action potentials travel down the axon

4

Some postsynaptic cells send reverse messages to slow the release of further neurotransmitters

5

Neurotransmitters go back to presynaptic neuron for recycling or diffused away

6

Nucleus

Cell Body

At the synapses, the cell that receives the message is called the presynaptic neuron.​ True or false

False

Glucose deficiency due to chronic alcoholism leads to Korsakoff's syndrome. True or false

False

Consists of the prefrontal cortex and the precentral gyrus.

Frontal lobe

Myeline Sheath

Insulating material around the axon that contain interruptions(Nodes of Ranvier)

Terminal End Buttons

Located at the end of a neuron and send information to neighboring neurons

__________ are chemicals released from __________ and into the receptors of neighboring neurons.

Nodes of Ranvier; Axons

Responsible for visual information.

Occipital lobe

Essential for spatial and numerical information

Parietal lobe

Magnetic stimulation of the human brain is meant to

Record brain activity during behavior

Which of the following is NOT a general research method to study the brain?

Record nutrition levels of calcium in the brain.

Target for auditory information and speech production..

Temporal lobe

Dendrites

Thin fiber that transmits nerve impulse

Hallucinogenic drugs distort perceptions by chemically resembling serotonin and binding to these receptors. True or false

True

Neurons typically have one axon but many dendrites. True or False

True

Neurons will release two or more neurotransmitters after the action potential process. True or false

True

The neurotransmitter Acetylcholine is primarily used by the parasympathetic nervous system. True or false

True

The occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for visual information. True or false

True

Vesicles are spherical packets in the presynaptic terminal where neurotransmitters are held for release. True or false

True

A(n) __________ axon brings information into a neuron structure while a(n) __________ axon carries information away from neuron structure.

afferent; efferent

Dendrites

are thin fibers of constant diameter

The tree-like branches of a neuron that receive information from other neurons are called __________ while the __________ are located at the end of an axon that send information to neighboring neurons.

dendrites; terminal bulbs (buttons)

The central nervous system consists only of the brain. True or false

false

Soma

fibers with synaptic receptors that brings info into the neuron

Chemicals are released by axons ____.​

into the presynaptic terminal

Gaps in the insulating material that surrounds axons are known as ____.​

nodes of ranvier

Specialized junctions that exist in the axon that regenerate the nerve impulse to complete an action potential are known as the

nodes of ranvier

This cortex is responsible for higher order functions such as reasoning, logic and abstract thinking.

precentral gyrus cortex

Axon

resides within the soma and contains chromosomes of DNA

The blood-brain barrier __________.

surrounds the brain and blocks chemicals from entering

The __________ nervous system activates the "fight or flight" response while the __________ nervous system activates the "rest and digest" response.

sympathetic; parasympathetic

Specialized junctions between neurons are called _______.

synapses

Sherrington found that repeated stimuli within a brief time have a cumulative effect. He referred to this phenomenon as ____.​

temporal summation

Electroencephalograph (EEG) records electrical activity of brain regions that a person may not be able to identify within themselves. True or false

true

Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitters are ____.​

​released from the presynaptic neuron.