Exam 1 - Art History questions

The duke of Mantua commissioned the frescoes of the Camera degli Sposi from Mantegna for which of the following purposes?

To glorify himself and his family

What does the fountain created by Claus Sluter for the cloister of Chartreuse de Champmol symbolize?

Everlasting life

Whose work is best characterized by the use of solid volumes resting firmly on the flat and horizontal surface of this earth?

Giotto

In the____, a band of Calvinists destroyed art works in Catholic churches in the Netherlands.

Great Iconoclasm

The robust and monumental figures of the Virgin and Child in Leonardo's Madonna and Child with Saint Anne and the Infant Saint John are reminiscent of ____.

Greek pedimental sculpture

Which of the following artists excelled in portraiture?

Hans Holbein

Which of the following artists specialized in images of the Madonna and Child?

Hans Memling

In the Creation of Adam, Michelangelo fashioned the conception of God after___.

Olympian deities

The dome Bramate designed for Saint Peter's in Rome would have resembled which of the following?

Pantheon, Rome

____was one of the first Renaissance buildings conceived as a central-plan structure.

Pazzi Chapel

Which of the following artists traveled to Italy yet choose not to incorporate classical elements into his work?

Peiter Bruegel

____ was the leading Roman painter at the end of the 13th century

Pietro Cavallini

Which city was at its height of political and economic power when it employed the talents of the sculptor Nicola Pisano?

Pisa

Which of the following cities established itself as a major shipping power?

Pisa

By placing figures on a triangular base,____departed from the convention of frontality.

Pollaiuolo

Which art form grew in popularity partially because of its ability to memorialize the sitter?

Portraiture

The major center for artistic development in the High Renaissance was___.

Rome

Ghiberti's competitive panel for the baptistery doors of the Florence Cathedral shows classical references that reflect influences of humanism. Which of the following is a classical reference seen on Ghiberti's panel?

The naked figure of Isaac

Which artist served as the dean of the painters' guild of Ghent and worked for Tommaso Portinari?

Hugo van der Goes

In Raphael's Stanza della Segnatura, he reconciled the philosophies and teachings of Plato and Aristotle. Which of the following have also been reconciled?

Humanism and Christianity

Which of the following was the mother church for the Jesuits in Rome?

II Gesu

In Masaccio's Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden, Adam's feet clearly come into contact with the ground. Which of the following is the interpretation for this?

In human marks the presence on earth

In the 16th century, Spain supported which of the following?

Interests of the Catholic Church

Although women had many limitations as artists,___demonstrated the important role women played as art patrons.

Isabella d'Este

In Perugino's Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to Saint Peter, the artist has reminded the viewer of the link among Constantine, Saint Peter, and the basilica of Saint Peter. Which of the following is the vehicle used as that reminder?

The triumphal arches in the background

Who was the Venetian painter who created dynamic compositions, often by means of swirling clouds and fitful light?

Tintoretto

Inspiration for the form of Claus Sluter's Well of Moses may have come from___.

mystery plays

In the treatment of space and narrative, Ghiberti's Isaac and his Sons recall____.

painting techniques

A great achievement of the Les Tres Heures was that it made manuscripts more closely resemble____.

panel painting

Visible in his David, rather than concentrating his efforts on ideal beauty, the artist Michelangelo focused on ____.

pent-up emotion

In Pieter Aertsen's Butcher's Stall, the ____is associated with a degenerate life.

people eating and carousing

Michelangelo deviated from earlier representations of David in his rendition by portraying____.

the encounter before the battle

Simone Martini's rendition of Annunciation may have been inspired by ____.

the etiquette of chivalric courts

Andrea Pisano's south doors for Florence's baptistery were commissioned by ____

the guild of wool importers

What did the humanist cult of fame emphasize?

the importance of creative individuals

How did Masaccio create a sense of bulk for his figures in the Tribute Money?

through modeling with a specific light source outside the picture

Which of the following is a medieval element depicted on the pulpit for the baptistery of Pisa Cathedral?

trefoil (triple-curved) arches

Michelangelo went beyond self-contained statues in his David by ____.

turning his head

The Sistine Ceiling represents which of the following themes?

The chronology of Christianity

Jan van Eyck's Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife contains many symbols, Which of the following is an allusion to fidelity?

The dog

Which of the following architects wrote influential treatises on painting and architecture?

Alberti

Which city derived its wealth from the wool trade and then expanded into banking?

Burges

In Leonardo's Last Supper, how did the artist break with traditional iconography?

By the placement of Judas on the same side as Christ and the other disciples

Attributes of El Greco's style, such as elongated figures in an undefined space, are often characterized as ____.

Mannerist

Leonardo's use of light and dark in the Madonna of the Rocks built on the work of the artist________.

Masaccio

Oftern synonumous with the Renaissance, the ____were great art patrons.

Medici family

In Martin Schongauer's engraving, he created distinctions of tonal values and textures. He distinguished between skin and cloth, feather and fur. Which of the following is the title of Martin Schongauer's engraving?

Saint Anthony Tormented by Demons

___was the Dominican monk who denounced the secular humanism of the Medici and others.

Savonarola

Which of the following accounts for the decline on the role Florence played in the 15th century?

Savonarola's brief span of power

What element of Veit Stoss's style recalled the design principles of Late Gothic architecture?

Sharp forms that dart in a flamelike fashion

In Ghiberti's Isaac and His Sons, the artist's study of ancient art is especially apparent in the ____.

figure of Rebecca

One of Giotto's innovations that moved away from the Italo-Byzantine style was the introduction of ____.

figures seen from the back

In Money-Changer and His Wife by Quentin Massys, the artist warns that___are a distraction from religious life.

financial transactions

The ____ of Duccio's figures from the Maestà was/were derived from Byzantine art

formality and symmetry

The frontality, stiff poses, and lack of modeling as seen in Berlinghieri's Saint Francis Altarpiece reveals the ____ roots of his style

fundamentally medieval

The Protestant concern about the role of religious imagery was in many cases outright hostile. Martin Luther spoke about destroying images. This destruction of religious imagery also occurred during the Byzantine period. Which of the following defines this act?

iconoclasm

The Battle of Issus may be a reference to the contemporary___

struggle against the Turks

The most devastating natural disaster in Europe that broke out in the 1340s was ____

the Black Death

Enhancing its meaning, the Portinari Altarpiece contains small scenes, such as ____, in the background.

the arrival of the magi

In his Self-Portrait, Durer's hand position may be a reference to___

the artist's hand as a creative instrument

The Italian admiration for classical art resurfaced at ___

the court of Frederick II

In his Assumption of the Virgin, Titian used__to create intensity and drama.

vibrant color

The cleaning of Michelangelo's Sistine ceiling initially shocked art historians because it revealed ____.

vivid colors

Jean Clouet presented Francis I as a____.

worldly leader

In Masaccio's Trinity the is a coffered barrel-vault reminiscent of which of the following?

A Roman triumphal arch

The following phrase from Revelations, "pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and the Lamb" is depicted in which of the following?

Altar of the Lamb from the Ghent Altarpiece

Which of the following is one of the most important cities of the 16th-century Netherlands?

Antwerp

Who is the architect for the cathedral of Florence?

Arnolfo di Cambio

In Masaccio's Trinity the vanishing point can be found at which of the following?

At the foot of the cross

The depiction of different months from____influenced Bruegel's Hunters in the Snow.

Books of Hours

_____contributed to the decentralization of religious practice.

Books of Hours

Bruegel's Netherlandish Proverbs is reminiscent of the topsy-turvy scened by___.

Bosch

One of the most important trading cities of 15th century Netherlands was___

Bruges

The development of linear perspective is generally credited to___.

Brunelleschi

The miniature portrait of Elizabeth I, shows an elegant, formally attired young Elizabeth presented as a princess. Who is the artist who created this memorable portrait?

Levina Teerlinc

Author of the Commentaries,___is considered the first Renaissance art historian.

Lorenzo Ghiberti

The German artist who was dubbed with the title "painter of the Reformation" is_____.

Lucas Cranach the Elder

Which of the following made up the territory known as the Netherlands in the 16th century?

Luxembourg, Holland, and Belgium

The personal tastes of the court of Francis I ran to the elegant, erotic, and unorthodox. Which of the following styles would most appeal to this king and his court?

Mannerism

_____was the style that appealed to the French king. Francis I, because of its elegant, erotic, and unorthodox features.

Mannerism

In Leonardo's Last Supper, the curves pediment above the head of Christ represents which of the following?

a halo

Albrecht Altdorfer derived his landscape depiction in the Battle of Issus from____.

a map in the Nuremberg Chronicle

In 1401, Ghiberti's entry won the competition for the design of the baptistery doors for the Florence Cathedral partially based stylistically on its ____.

a new spatial illusionism

The term Accadian landscape, as seen in Bellini's Feast of the Gods, refers to____.

an idyllic place

Who created Knight, Death and the Devil?

Albrecht Durer

El Escorial is in which country?

Spain

Which if the following would support the argument that the Well of Moses created by Claus Sluter did not actually spout water?

Carthusian commitment to silence would preclude any sound-making device

The first known northern European self-portrait by a woman is purportedly by which of the following?

Caterina van Hemessen

The Roman fresco tradition can best be seen in the work of which of the following artists?

Cavallini

Which of the following was Philip the bold of Burgundy's grandest artistic enterprise?

Chartreuse de Champmol

Which of the following was a dynastic symbol of Burgundian power?

Chartreuse de Champmol

The artist of the Assumption in Parma's Cathedral, ____ greatest contribution was illusionistic ceiling perspective paintings.

Correggio's

____ took a fundamental step forward in his representation of Saint Mark by the contrapposto pose.

Donatello

_____are portraits of individuals that accompany religious scenes and became very popular in the 15th century.

Donor portraits

In Leonardo's Last Supper, the numerous preparatory sketches and studies he made for the work indicate how carefully he thought about this work as a complete entity representing the entire story and its theme. Based on this which of the following would describe Leonardo's conceptualization of the figures from his Last Supper?

Each figure was individualized

The Hundred Years War primarily involved which two kingdom?

England and France

Who commissioned the Tempietto?

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

In the 15th century, the dukes of Burgundy wielded power over which of the following counties?

Flanders

Historian Giovanni Villani wrote in the 14th century that this city was "the daughter and creature of Rome," suggesting a preeminence inherited from the Roman Empire. Which of the following city-states does this phrase describe?

Florence

Which Italian city played the most important role in the development of Renaissance ideas and art forms in the early 15th century?

Florence

Which of the following was the Dominican painter-friar who combined elements of the new style of art with traditional religious devotional works that did not conflict with the content of the works?

Fra Angelico

In 1305, the College of Cardinals elected a pope from which of the following countries?

France

Which two entities divided the Burgundian territories after the death of Charles the Bold?

France and the Holy Roman Empire

In the 16th-century power was focused on the king. This monarch made a concerted effort to elevate his country's cultural profile by inviting esteemed Italian artists to his court. Who was this monarch?

Francis I

A familiar feature in French Gothic art, the loosely curved folds of the female saints in Duccio's Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints (Maestà) is a feature of ____ art.

French Gothic

In contrast to his father, Giovanni Pisano worked in a style derived from ____

French Gothic art

The 15th-century Italian artist whose work showed the most influence of the International style was ____.

Gentile da Fabriano

Which of the following artists actively collected Classical sculpture?

Ghiberti

Which of the following artists was the winner of the famous competition for the bronze doors of the Florence baptistery?

Ghiberti

____ sought to reconcile the illusion of a weighty three-dimensional body and the illusion of space to contain it.

Giotto

In Riemenschneider's Assumption of the Virgin, the artist successfully incorporated which of the following elements?

Gothic intricacy

In Masaccio's Trinity he embodies two principal Renaissance interests. One is realism based on observation. Which of the following is the other?

It is the application of the new science of perspective.

The Nuremberg Chronicle is a tribute to the new craft of the printed illustrated book. What was the content of the Nuremberg Chronicle?

It was the history of the world

The monumental composition and sculpturesque form in Hans Holbein's The French Ambassadors reflects the influence of___.

Italian art

The illusionism found in French manuscript was influenced by contact with___.

Italy

_____created the first known Western portrait where the sitter looks directly at the viewer.

Jan van Eyck

Who was the noble patron who commissioned Les Tre's Riches Heures?

Jean, Dike of Berry

In contrast to other monastic orders, the ____ lived and preached in urban environments

Mendicant

Which artist's assertion of his authority anticipated modern concepts of the artist?

Michelangelo

The traditional interpretation of the meaning of Michelangelo's tombs for the Medici as the soul's ascent was influenced by ____.

Neoplatanism

Reflecting the influence of ____, Raphael included his portrait in the reflection in his painting of Pope Leo X.

Netherlandish art

The facial types, beards, and coiffures of ____ figures reveal the influence of classical relief sculpture

Nicola Pisano's

___influenced Raphael's perspective system in his Marriage of the Virgin.

Perugino

During the second half of the 16th century,___controlled the Netherlands.

Philip II

Which artist painted a series of six paintings showing seasonal changes?

Pieter Bruegel

Which artist that did a series of six paintings showing seasonal changes?

Pieter Bruegel

Which of the following cities was considered the rightful capital of the Roman Catholic Church?

Rome

Which of the following artists was most interested in depicting the human body in violent action?

Signorelli

The artist ____ was instrumental in creating the International Gothic style.

Simone Martini

Which of the following describes the style of Fra Angelico?

Simple and direct

What anamorphic symbol appears in Holbein's The French Ambassadors?

Skull

Paul III convened the Council of Trent in 1545. It was part of which of the following?

The Counter-Reformation

After Bellini's death in 1516,___became the official painter of the Republic of Venice

Titian

Although tied to International Gothic style conventions, among the aturalistic details found in the Adoration of the Magi are ____.

animals seen from a variety of angles and convincing foreshortening

In El Greco's View of Toledo, the artist departed from Renaissance painters by not painting____

buildings in detail

In Durer's Melencolia I, the____is an optimistic mote suggesting that the artist can overcome depression

burst of light on the horizon

Commissioned by the Sienese government, Ambrogio Lorenzetti's frescoes for the Palazzo Pubblico address the ____.

civic concerns of the Sienese

Titian's Meeting of Bacchus and Ariadne was most likely inspired by___.

classical art

By___Donatello revolutionized relief sculpture in his image of Saint George and the Dragon.

creating an atmospheric effect using incised lines

The settling for Pietro Lorenzetti's Birth of the Virgin, which was a ____, represented an advance in worldly realism.

detailed interior of an upper-class house

Saint Anthony and Sebastian appear in Grunewald's Isenheim Altarpiece because of their association with____

disease and miraculous cures

The_____were the most powerful northern European rulers during much of the 15th century.

dukes of Burgundy

Nanni di Banco achieved a unified spatial composition by placing the figures____and in relation to one another.

in a semicircle

Employed by Ghiberti on his Gates of Paradise, presenting several episodes______ was a medieval narrative method.

in a single frame

In his diary Albrecht Durer described Joachim Patinir as a good___.

landscape artist

Confraternities are ____ who dedicated themselves to strict religious observance.

laypeople

The imagery of the Triumph of Death served as a warning against ____.

lust and greed

In his representation of Pope Leo X, Raphael did not portray him as head of state, but rather as a ____.

man of learning and a collector

In Durer's print of the Fall of Man, the idealization of Adam and Eve is tempered by the ___ of the background.

naturalism

Titian's altarpiece, the Madonna of the Pesaro Family, differed from High Renaissance compositions in central Italy in the ____.

placement of the figures on a steep diagonallp

In the calendar pages of Les Tre's Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, scenes of courtly life alternate with _____.

seasonal tasks

By including____Hugo van der Goes revived medieval pictorial devices.

small background scenes and varied scale of figures

Elements of Giotto's new style that appear in the Madonna Enthroned include ___

statuesque figures that cast shadows