Exam 1: Ch.1 Cellular Function & Ch.2 Immunity

After receiving your report, which patient should you assess first?

A) 76 year old female admitted 3 days ago with pneumonia, most recent blood gases are pH 7.35, paO2 90, HCO3 35, and paCO2 29 B) 48 year old male admitted yesterday with kidney stones complaining pain of a 5 on a 0-10 scale C) 52 year old female admitted yesterday with acute renal failure, most recent lab results are pH 7.3, paO2 94, HCO3 15, paCO2 44, K 6.1, Na 148, and Osmo 369 (CORRECT) D)59 year old male admitted 2 days ago with Stage III bronchiogenic carcinoma complaining of nausea and pain of a 6 on a 1-10 scale

active acquired immunity is gained:

A) In utero B) after birth(I think CORRECT) C) via injection of specific antibodies (INCORRECT) D) in adulthood (INCORRECT)

After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take cholesterol-lowing medication. This is an example of

A) Primary prevention B) secondary prevention (incorrect) C) Tertiary prevention(I think CORRECT) D) Disease treatment

Which of the following types of cellular transport involves the movement of a substance down a concentration gradient?

A) active transport B) osmosis (INCORRECT) C) diffusion( I think CORRECT) D) endocytosis

While assessing a patient diagnosed with Marfans Syndrome, the nurse should include which of the following that is consistent with the syndrome?

A) fever (i think correct) B) jaundice (incorrect) C)vomiting D)pain (incorrect)

Which patient is it most important for the nurse to take special precautions because of an increased susceptibility to infection as a result of medical therapy?

A) the 38-year-old woman taking contraceptives B) the 38-year-old man with diabetes mellitus taking insulin C) the 58-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis taking corticosteroid daily (CORRECT) D) the 58-year-old man 5 years after myocardial infarction taking aspirin daily

Characteristic of X-linked recessive disorder include which of the following?

A) the son of a carrier mother has a 25% chance of being affected (INCORRECT) B) affected fathers transmit the gene to all of their sons C)all daughters of affected fathers are carriers( i think CORRECT) D) boys and girls are equally affected

Hypersensitivity is best defined as:

An excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen

Which of the following refers to a decreased tissue perfusion?

Ischemia

Injury that occurs when blood flow is diminished to a tissue is called _____ injury.

Ischemic

Which describes the function of the nucleus?

It contains the genetic code for the individual

Which of the following is true regarding type ! neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausens's disease)

It involves subcutaneous lesions, cafe' au lait spots (brown pigmented birthmarks) that grow primarily on the trunk

Factor associated with risk of Down's syndrome is?

Maternal age

In addition to matching ABO antigens, a blood transfusion must also be matched for:

Rh antigen

Which type of immunity is provided by a vacination?

active artificial

The patient has undergone kidney trasplantation 6 weeks ago, and is being seen by the home health care nurse. The patient has a low-grade fever, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine levels, and decreased urine output. The nurse instructs the patient to see the physician right away. Which condition does the nurse suspect?

actue graft rejection

The most sever consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:

anaphylaxis

Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by:

bound transmembrane proteins

The movement of small electrically uncharged molecules through a semipermeable membrane is an example of:

diffusion

Which type of gangrene would you expect to result from arterial blockage?

dry

Electrolytes are:

electrically charged molecules

which of the following is a systemic response from an inflammatory response

elevated temperature

which of the following assessment finding indicated an alteration in homeostatic control mechanisms?

fever

Graft versus host most commonly occurs in which type of transplant?

Bone marrow

Muscular Atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell:

size

While assessing a patient diagnosed with Marfan's syndrome, the nurse should include which of the following that is consistent with the syndrome?

cardiac assessment of coarctation of the aorta

What is a factor leading to increased occurrence of cancer in the elderly?

cumulative exposure to carcinogens

The nurse is teaching a seminar about prevention the spread of HIV. Which statement by a student indicates that additional testing is needed?

"I won"t get HIV if I only have oral sex with my partner."

A cell is isolated for microscopy. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed?

nucleus

Which of the following is an example os passive immunity?

placental transfer of antibodies

A _____ gene is one that produces an effect only in the homozygous state

recessive

During which of the following stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) has the body chosen the most effecting and advantageous defense by adapting to become desensitized to the stressor?

resistance

Children with PKU must avoid phenylalanine in the diet. Phenylalanine is most likely to be a component of

Protein

Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs

Genes carries on chromosomes are called _____ genes.

sex-linked

A 22-year-old prostitute was recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A decrease in which of the following cell types would be expected?

CD4 T-helper

The nurse recognizes that which of the following is required for a diagnosis of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)?

CD4+ cell count of less than 200 cells/mm3

What is an example of a multifactorial congenital disorder?

Cleft Lip and Palate

Which of the following cellular changes is considered to be preneoplastic?

Dysplasia

A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following symptoms would be considered a symptom of this disease?

Photosensitivity

A routine application of sunblock to the skin would be an example of:

Primary prevention

a 17-year-old college bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of

Primary prevention

During a routine ultrasound of a 38-year-old woman 26 weeks gestation reveals a fetus with a small square head, upward slant of the eyes, and low set ears. The nurse recognizes that these findings are consistent with which of the following?

Trisomy 21 (down's Syndrome)

A metastatic tumor is one that:

has spread to a location way from its site of orgin

A 20-year-old female has been diagnosed with AIDS. Laboratory testing would reveal diminished levels of:

helper T cells

The ability respond and maintain stability, physiologically and psychologically, during rapidly changing conditions in the internal and external environment is

homeostasis

Bradykinin is involved in:

increasing vascular permeability