Exam #1 Chapter 1-6

When Native Americans first encountered Europeans, what led to the European diseases being so deadly?

Centuries of continental isolation meant the Native Americans had no immunity.

What role did religion play in Columbus's explorations?

Columbus wanted to convert Asians to Catholicism.

The transatlantic slave trade was not a vital part of world commerce.

False

How did Native Americans view the concept of land ownership?

Families had the right to use land, but they did not actually own the land.

The French and Indian War began because some American colonists felt that:

France was encroaching on land claimed by the Ohio Company.

What did Lord Dunmore do that outraged many southerners?

He promised freedom to slaves who joined the British cause.

In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded:

Quebec.

After what major event did the British government make the colonies bear part of the cost of the empire?

The Seven Years' War.

What contribution did the Stamp Act episode make to the colonists' concept of liberty?

The Stamp Act Congress insisted that the right to consent to taxation was essential to people's freedom.

What policy did the new United States pursue in its dealings with Native Americans?

The U.S. government set out to dispossess the Native Americans of their remaining rich lands and drive them westward.

What was the key political origin of the American Revolution?

The colonists criticized the lack of representation in Parliament.

Which of the following was true of the colonial elite?

They controlled colonial government.

A Discourse Concerning Western Planting argued that English settlement of North America would strike a blow against Spain.

True

American colonists widely believed that Britain had no authority to tax the colonists since the colonists had no elected representative in Parliament.

True

Early settlers of Jamestown preferred gold to farming.

True

Europeans arrived in North America and South America with the attitude that their culture was superior to the various indigenous groups.

True

Homespun clothing became a symbol of American resistance during the American boycott on British goods.

True

Indians mostly traded furs and animal skins for European goods.

True

Like the Spanish, the French often intermarried with the Indians, resulting in mixed-race children.

True

Paul Revere created an engraving that distorted the Boston Massacre.

True

Race and racism are modern concepts and had not been fully developed by the seventeenth century.

True

The Spanish mounted explorations of the present-day Southwest in the United States to try to find gold.

True

In the fifteenth century, a big impetus for European exploration was:

a sea route to Asia to obtain luxury goods.

During the eighteenth century, colonial assemblies:

became more assertive.

The Boston Massacre occurred when British soldiers:

fired into a mob and killed a number of Boston residents.

The Stamp Act created such a stir in the colonies because:

it was the first direct tax Parliament imposed on the colonies.

The Declaratory Act:

rejected American claims that only their elected representatives could levy taxes.

Pre-Columbian Native Americans lacked metal tools:

so Europeans felt they were superior.

Unlike the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts focused on:

taxing goods imported into the colonies.

Virtual representation was the idea:

that each member of Britain's House of Commons represented the entire empire, not just his own district.

Crispus Attucks:

was a man of mixed race who was killed at the Boston Massacre.

The Sugar Act alarmed colonists, in part because it:

was an attempt to get them to pay a levy they would otherwise have evaded.

Native American religious ceremonies:

were related to the Native American belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things.

The actions of Bartolomé de las Casas can best be described in modern-day terminology as that of a(n):

whistleblower.

Growing connections with Europeans lessened warfare between Indian tribes.

False

Summarize the main arguments in America for and against the Stamp Act and, more generally, the authority of Parliament to tax the colonies

***America was a place that was supposed to be a refuge for all, a safe haven. As colonies were growing and the Natives were starting to understand the way of the settlers, they started to know how to "fight back." They understood things were not fair and that there needed to be a change. Many different countries were coming into the Americas and had different ideas on what they would do with the land they discovered. It was very hard and so the people would use any means they could to spread the word of what needs to change. The Stamp Act for example was a placed on paper and any literary goods, it was a way to slow/stop the spread of any news that the government did not want shared. It made it hard for people to feel free and receive the joy they were expecting coming into this new world. Taxing was hard on everyone and especially those who did not have money to begin with, taxing slowed the buying process of things and also showed the people just how powerful the government is.

Where did the first peoples to the Americas come from?

***Asia.

What obstacles to settlement do these accounts describe?

***The accounts described some obstacles of settling in the new world because there was such a drastic difference in geographic than what they are used to. The Natives had their own customs and beliefs which made it hard for the settlers to find their place in this new world. The settlers would try and convert all the Natives to Catholicism, the Natives believed in many Gods and believed and danced to Gods and non living things because of how much they respected and were grateful for all that they had. Some settlers of the New World respected the Natives belief but others did not. Religion was just one major obstacle, there also was that there was no government set up, all the settlers that came in were used to having laws and a ruler. Merging the two cultures was very different and difficult. As years kept coming by, taxation would be put onto the people but a lot of people fled their countries to have freedom and to earn money, the taxation made it hard for them to earn a good living because they had to give it all back.

What are the Europeans' first impressions of the new lands and their inhabitants?

***The new lands had never been touched before by the Europeans or by anyone else really for that matter. The Europeans were looking for a new, a faster, and a more effective way to trade with their friends in Asia. Although they tried their hardest, they ran into a different land with a different group of people. As the Europeans first got onto the land, they realized how beautiful and green it was, they continued to look around and found that they could keep walking up the coast for a lot longer than they ever expected. It was winter time when they explored the land so they couldn't walk the whole thing, but they did fin out that the land was a lot bigger than Europe and Spain combined. When the Europeans first met the inhabitants, they thought they were weak and uneducated just because they didn't have laws, rules, and a government system like the Europeans. The Europeans thought the Natives were naive.

What was the primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?

***To end the slave trade.

How do the native inhabitants respond to the explorers? How do the Europeans interpret these responses?

***When the explorers first came to their land they were scared and didn't know what the explorers wanted. When they got a closer, they started to make connections with them and eventually started trading materials with each other. At first the explorers would give the Natives clothing, and other materials that the Natives didn't have. After a while of the explorers freely giving things away and not expecting anything in return, the Natives slowly started to share things back. As the explorers learned more about the natives, they saw that they were naive because they didn't have the same background of religion, government, and laws. This let the explorers to take advantage of the Natives.

When Europeans arrived, many Native Americans:

***tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans

When comparing English colonies to Spanish ones:

England sent more people to the Americas in the seventeenth century.

What did Neolin tell his people they must reject?

European technology and material goods.

As in the Spanish empire, British North America developed a distinctive mulatto, or mixed-race, class.

False

Ultimately, the American Revolution did what to slavery?

It saw an actual increase of slavery by 1790.

What was key to making the enslavement of Africans an enduring economic and social institution in colonial America?

Slavery became perpetual, as the children of slaves were slaves too.

What was a result of the northern colonies' lack of a cash crop?

Slavery was not as integrated into the northern colonial economy as it was in the South.

What would most likely be the reason why there were few slave rebellions in the original English colonies in North America?

Slaves were outnumbered in most regions.

According to Bartolomé de Las Casas:

Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World.

Which of the following was a consequence of the Seven Years' War?

Strengthened pride among American colonists about being part of the British empire.

In regards to the Stamp Act Congress of 1765, which statement was true?

The Congress did not look to declare independence from England.

How did French involvement in the fur trade change life for Native Americans?

The French were willing to accept Native Americans into colonial society.

Unlike Spanish missionaries, the Jesuits did what in regard to converting Indians?

The Jesuits did not suppress traditional Indian religious customs.