Exam 1 (Endocrine System, Blood, Cardiovascular System)

The secretion of which hormone lowers blood glucose concentrations?

insulin

What do beta cells secrete?

insulin

What does the pineal gland secrete?

melatonin

What white blood cells are granulocytes?

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Which organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

pancreas

What gland produces the parathyroid hormone?

parathyroid gland

Leukocytes are also known as

white blood cells

What is the middle zone of the adrenal cortex

zona fasciculata

What is the outer zone of the adrenal cortex?

zona glomerulosa

What are the three zones of the adrenal cortex?

zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis

What is the inner zone of the adrenal cortex

zona reticularis

What gland produces Triiodothyronine (T3)?

Thyroid gland

What gland produces the hormone calcitonin?

Thyroid gland

What gland produces thyroxine (T4)?

Thyroid gland

What hormone stimulates the thyroid gland?

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, and lymphocytes are what kind of cells?

White blood cells

What blood cell is produced in red bone marrow under control of hormones interleukins and colony stimulating factors?

White blood cells

What gland produces cortisol?

adrenal cortex

What hormone regulates levels of the steroid hormone cortisol which is released from the adrenal gland?

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

What gland produces the luteinizing hormone?

anterior pituitary

adenohypophysis is another name for what?

anterior pituitary

What are the different blood types?

A, B, AB, O

What hormone regulates the amount of water in your blood and tells kidneys how much water to conserve?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What cell in the lymphocytes produces antibodies?

B-cells

Which white blood cell is least numerous secretes histamine causes vasodilation, promotes inflammation?

Basophils

Cortisol a glucocorticoid affects glucose metabolism. It helps keep the ____________ ______________concentration within the normal range between meals

Blood glucose

What happens with the liver when there is increased glycogen levels?

Large amounts of glucose are taken up by the liver

This is a definition of what? "Internal secretion" the cells, tissues and organs that compose it, collectively called endocrine glands, secrete substances into the internal environment called hormones.

Endocrine system

Which white blood cell is activated for parasitic infections?

Eosinophils

What hormone affects the heart and blood vessels?

Epinephrine

What hormone is adrenaline which increases cardiac output and raises glucose levels in blood?

Epinephrine

Describe the structural classification of steroid hormones:

Lipids containing complex rings of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Produced from cholesterol

What cell in lymphocytes directly attacks micro organisms and tumor cells?

T-cells

What hormone aids in Puberty development. In females helps ovarian follicle to develop, and males promotes sperm development?

Follicle stimulating hormone

Which hormone stimulates the liver to break down glycogen and convert non-carbohydrates into glucose; stimulates break down of fats.

Glucagon

What hormone stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration

Growth hormone

What is the study of blood in blood diseases?

Hematology

Hormones and steroid hormones which are organic compounds?

Hormones

Hormones vs. steroid hormones. Which includes amines, peptides, proteins, and proteins or glycoproteins?

Hormones

Hormones vs. steroid hormones. Which ones effects do not last long?

Hormones

Secreted substances from the endocrine system called _____________ diffuse from the interstitial fluid into the bloodstream and eventually act on cells, called target cells.

Hormones

What are the chemical means of cellular communication in the endocrine system?

Hormones

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?

epinephrine and norepinephrine

What do alpha cells secrete?

glucagon

Somatostatin is produced by what endocrine gland?

Hypothalamus

The releasing hormones are produced by what endocrine gland?

Hypothalamus

Name the organs of the endocrine system

Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus ,adrenal glands, kidney, pancreas, ovary, and testes.

thyroid stimulating hormone is produced by what gland?

Anterior pituitary

What gland produces prolactin hormone?

Anterior pituitary gland

What do delta cells secrete?

somatostatin

What hormones regulate the secretion of hormones coming from the pituitary gland?

somatostatin

What gland produces the anti-diuretic hormone?

Posterior pituitary

What gland produces the oxytocin hormone?

Posterior pituitary

Growth hormone is produced by what endocrine gland?

Anterior pituitary

What gland produces epinephrine and non-epinephrine?

Adrenal Medulla

What gland produces aldosterone?

Adrenal cortex

How does alcohol consumption affect ADH/vasopressin?

Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion.

What promotes sodium conservation and potassium excretion?

Aldosterone

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex?

Aldosterone and cortisol

What are the types of cells in pancreatic Islets?

Alpha, beta and delta cells

Adrenocorticotropic hormone is produced by what gland?

Anterior pituitary

Follicle stimulating hormone is produced by what gland?

Anterior pituitary

What hormone regulates levels of calcium and phosphate in blood?

Calcitonin

Describe the structural classification of hormones: glycoproteins

Carbohydrates joined to proteins

Describe the structural classification of hormones: proteins

Composed of long chains of amino acids

Aldosterone promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to _____________?

Conserve sodium ions and to excrete potassium ions

To little _____________can cause Addison's disease, fatigue, dizziness, weight loss

Cortisol

Too much _____________can cause weight gain, Cushing syndrome, mood swings, high blood pressure

Cortisol

What hormone helps control blood sugar levels, regulate metabolism, help reduce inflammation and assist with memory formulation

Cortisol

Describe the structural classification of hormones: amines

Derived from tyrosine

What hormone decreases blood glucose concentration promotes transport of amino acids into cells and enhances synthesis of proteins and fats?

Insulin

What hormone stimulates ovulation and synthesis of androgen

Luteinizing hormone

What white blood cells are agranulocytes?

Monocyte and lymphocyte

neurohypophysis is another name for what?

Posterior pituitary

What are the chemical means or cellular communication in the nervous system?

Neurotransmitters

Which white blood cell is most numerous eaters, like to eat bacteria or infection many nucleus, first responders

Neutrophils

What hormone increases heart rate and can cause blood vessels to narrow and increase blood pressure.

Norepinephrine

What hormone causes or strengthens labor contractions?

Oxytocin

What hormone raises the blood calcium level by breaking down the bone and causing calcium release?

Parathyroid hormone

Identify the hormone secreting cells of the pineal gland

Pineal cells and supportive neuroglia

What blood cell arises from very large cells in red bone marrow called megakaryocytes. These cells break part to form what?

Platelets

What hormone allows pregnant women to make breast milk?

Prolactin

What are considered the formed elements of blood?

Red and white blood cells and platelets.

What blood cells are produced by erythroblasts that divide and give rise to new cells that contain net like structures. These cells are called reticulocytes. Only when remaining organelles degenerate and cells are fully matured is this blood cell produced.

Red blood cell

Describe the structural classification of hormones: peptides

Short chains of amino acids

What hormone helps regulate carbohydrates?

Somatostatin

Hormones and steroid hormones which are lipid soluble

Steroid hormones

Hormones vs. steroid hormones. Which is made of cholesterol and lipids?

Steroid hormones

Hormones vs. steroid hormones. Which ones effects last long or are permanent?

Steroid hormones

___________ __________ cause changes within a cell by passing through the cell membrane of the target cell. Once inside the hormone binds with a specific receptor.

Steroid hormones

What is the puncture a vein as part of a medical procedure

Venipuncture

What hormone is the master regulator of thyroid gland growth and function?

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

What hormone plays vital role in digestion, heart and muscle function, brain development and maintenance of bones

Thyroxine (T4)

What is the common goal of the nervous and endocrine systems?

To preserve homeostasis by coordinating and regulating the activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and systems

What hormone plays a vital role in bodies metabolic rate, heart and muscle functions, brain development and the maintenance of bones?

Triiodothyronine (T3)

In blood types which ones are considered the universal recipient

Type AB

And blood types which ones are considered the universal donor

Type O

What are the components of blood?

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

thrombocytes is another name for what

platelets

Erythrocytes are also known as

red blood cells